scholarly journals Agro-industrial byproducts in rabbit food: Case of the complex of detoxified apricot kernel cake and dehydrated tomato pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-750
Author(s):  
Yasmine Arbouche ◽  
Achour Mennani ◽  
Lamya Ouzzir ◽  
Rafik Arbouche ◽  
Fodil Arbouche
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apricot Kernel ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Tomato Pulp ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Industrial Byproducts ◽  
Daily Intakes

Background and Aim: The use of agro-industrial byproducts as an unconventional source of raw materials for monogastric feed is one possible solution. This study aimed to determine the effects of incorporating detoxified apricot kernel meal (DAKM) as a substitute for soybean meal and dehydrated tomato pulp (DTP) as a substitute for alfalfa hay on the local rabbit fattening. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 white strain rabbits, weaned at 33 days, were randomly assigned to four groups of 30. The rabbits in each group were ringed, placed in cages at 6 rabbits/cage, and fed according to DAKM and DTP incorporation rates (0%, 30%, 40%, and 60%). Results: The weights at 77 days were improved (p<0.05) with unchanged mean daily intakes. The vast majority of slaughter parameters and carcass characteristics improved. The chemical composition of the meat constituents improved significantly, with a 60% increase in the protein content of the batch (26.55% vs. 28.53%), 38% reduction in the total feed cost, and 40 DA saved for each kilogram of feed consumed per rabbit. The relative economic efficiency improved in proportion to the substitution rates of soybean meal by DAKM and alfalfa hay by DTP. Conclusion: Substituting DAKM and DTP, as byproducts of agro-industrial processing, for up to 60% induced satisfactory results in rabbit fattening. Therefore, it would be more insightful to increase the incorporation rates to determine the optimal threshold.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

scholarly journals Process Modeling and Simulation of Tableting—An Agent-Based Simulation Methodology for Direct Compression

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Niels Lasse Martin ◽  
Ann Kathrin Schomberg ◽  
Jan Henrik Finke ◽  
Tim Gyung-min Abraham ◽  
Arno Kwade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The Impact

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, the utmost aim is reliably producing high quality products. Simulation approaches allow virtual experiments of processes in the planning phase and the implementation of digital twins in operation. The industrial processing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into tablets requires the combination of discrete and continuous sub-processes with complex interdependencies regarding the material structures and characteristics. The API and excipients are mixed, granulated if required, and subsequently tableted. Thereby, the structure as well as the properties of the intermediate and final product are influenced by the raw materials, the parametrized processes and environmental conditions, which are subject to certain fluctuations. In this study, for the first time, an agent-based simulation model is presented, which enables the prediction, tracking, and tracing of resulting structures and properties of the intermediates of an industrial tableting process. Therefore, the methodology for the identification and development of product and process agents in an agent-based simulation is shown. Implemented physical models describe the impact of process parameters on material structures. The tablet production with a pilot scale rotary press is experimentally characterized to provide calibration and validation data. Finally, the simulation results, predicting the final structures, are compared to the experimental data.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Agroindustrial Byproducts for the Production of Alkaline Protease by Wild and Mutant Strains ofBacillus subtilisin Submerged and Solid State Fermentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Ikramul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Alkaline Protease ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Industrial Byproducts ◽  
Agroindustrial Byproducts

The present study describes the screening of different agroindustrial byproducts for enhanced production of alkaline protease by a wild and EMS induced mutant strain ofBacillus subtilisIH-72EMS8. During submerged fermentation, different agro-industrial byproducts were tested which include defatted seed meals of rape, guar, sunflower, gluten, cotton, soybean, and gram. In addition to these meals, rice bran, wheat bran, and wheat flour were also evaluated for protease production. Of all the byproducts tested, soybean meal at a concentration of 20 g/L gave maximum production of the enzyme, that is, 5.74  ±  0.26 U/mL from wild and 11.28  ±  0.45 U/mL from mutant strain, during submerged fermentation. Different mesh sizes (coarse, medium, and fine) of the soybean meal were also evaluated, and a finely ground soybean meal (fine mesh) was found to be the best. In addition to the defatted seed meals, their alkali extracts were also tested for the production of alkaline protease byBacillus subtilis, but these were proved nonsignificant for enhanced production of the enzyme. The production of the enzyme was also studied in solid state fermentation, and different agro-industrial byproducts were also evaluated for enzyme production. Wheat bran partially replaced with guar meal was found as the best substrate for maximum enzyme production under solid state fermentation conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet on Replacement Beef Heifer Growth and Reproductive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Janice G. P. Bowman ◽  
Bok F. Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred-one crossbred beef heifers (average weight 256.1 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of diet during an 84-day period, on growth and reproductive performance. The four treatments were: 1) grass hay; 2) grass hay + 0.9 kg/day barley; 3) grass hay + 1.8 kg/day barley; and 4) alfalfa hay. Heifers were assigned randomly to 12 pens by weight (three pens/treatment). Prior to feeding, barley was cracked through a roller-mill. Heifers consuming alfalfa hay or grass hay + 1.8 kg barley gained 39% faster (0.68 and 0.74 kg/day, respectively; P = 0.01) than heifers consuming grass hay alone (0.51 kg/day). Heifers consuming grass hay + 0.9 kg barley were intermediate in average daily gain (ADG; 0.63 kg/day). Hay intake was 16% greater (P < 0.10) by heifers consuming alfalfa hay, grass hay, and grass hay + 0.9 kg barley compared with those consuming grass hay + 1.8 kg barley (average 8.1 vs 7.0 kg/day). Using costs (USD) of $0.066/kg, $0.099/kg, and $0.0935/kg for grass hay, alfalfa hay, and barley, respectively, feed cost/day was greatest (P < 0.01) for alfalfa hay ($0.81/day), intermediate for the grass hay + barley diets (average $0.63/day), and lowest for grass hay ($0.53/day). Cost/kg gain was less (P < 0.10) for grass hay + 1.8 kg barley compared with alfalfa hay. No diet differences (P > 0.70) were found in reproductive performance of the heifers. Feeding replacement heifers alfalfa hay resulted in performance equivalent to feeding grass hay + 1.8 kg barley, but the alfalfa hay diet had a higher cost.

scholarly journals QUALITY EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE AND TURKEY COMPOUND FEED

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
В. Iegorov ◽  
A. Makarynska ◽  
N. Vorona
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Periodic Action ◽  
Complete Protein ◽  
Protein Feed

The article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

scholarly journals DIFFERENTIATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF SUB-SECTOR OF PROCESSING INDUSTRY OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF VINNITSA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Grygorii KALETNIK ◽  
HONTARUK Yaroslav
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Regional Product

The article analyzes the approaches to the interpretation of the concept of differentiation. The own interpretation of the concept of differentiation of development of branches as process of development of the enterprises on indicators of efficiency of use of actives, own capital, labor resources, efficiency of manufacture and possibility of creation of new kinds of production is offered. The components of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex of Vinnytsia region are studied and the main ones are determined. The main factors influencing the development of differentiation of enterprises of the processing industry of the agricultural sector are analyzed. The analysis on the basic financial indicators of activity of the processing enterprises of agrarian sector of Vinnytsia region depending on the size of the organizations is carried out. Prospects for the privatization of distilleries in Ukraine are highlighted. The possibility of product differentiation at the enterprises of agro-industrial complex processing with orientation on creation of new productions is substantiated. The low level of management of distilleries was confirmed and the prospects of privatization of these organizations in accordance with the current legislation were outlined. It is determined that the main promising area of sectoral differentiation of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex is the formation of sugar, meat processing, agricultural and alcohol industries on the basis of raw materials - production of biofuels (biogas, bioethanol). These studies show that the developed areas of differentiation of processing enterprises will avoid the practice of concealing profits at enterprises, increase revenues to the state budget from the alcohol industry; achieve growth in foreign investment. Improving the management of enterprises in the agro-industrial processing industry will contribute to the growth of the gross regional product and the profitability of production in the processing sectors of the agricultural sector. This will increase the energy independence of the region, reduce energy costs of distilleries, improve the environmental condition of water resources in the region, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide the livestock industry with protein feed.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PRODUKSI MINUMAN RUMPUT LAUT EUCHEMA COOTONII DI DESA TATELI TIGA KECAMATAN MANDOLANG, KABUPATEN MINAHASA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexy Karel Rarung ◽  
Berty E. Kaseger
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Counseling Training ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
New Business

AbstractThe target of this program is located in Tateli Tiga Village, Mandolang District, Minahasa Regency, which is geographically very strategic for developing seaweed beverage processing industries. This village is a culinary tourism area, where there are many food and beverage entrepreneurs. North Sulawesi, is a large producer of seaweed, thus the availability of raw materials is easy to obtain and adequate for industrial processing. Processing of seaweed drinks consisting of syrup, juice and instant powder, is very easy and the marketing is not difficult, can be reached by the upper and lower economic class communities. The aim of this program is to develop new business fields to improve the economy of the community and increase the selling value and economy of seaweed. The specific target of this PKM program is 1. producing seaweed drinks to meet sanitary and hygienic requirements, packaged and labeled well / attractively 2. Developing seaweed syrup beverage industry business. The implementation methods agreed with partners are: 1. Problems in the production of seaweed syrup drinks, product marketing and finance 2. Methods for solving problems with counseling, training, mentoring and evaluation. 3 Work procedures for solving problems through surveys, counseling, training, mentoring, evaluation, reporting and journals.Keywords: Euchema cootonii, syrup, processing industry Abstrak        Sasaran program ini berlokasi di Desa Tateli Tiga Kecamatan Mandolang Kabupaten Minahasa, yang secara geografi sangat strategis untuk dikembangkan industri pengolahan  minuman rumput laut. Desa ini merupakan daerah wisata kuliner, dimana terdapat banyak pengusaha makanan dan minuman. Sulawesi utara, merupakan penghasil rumput laut yang besar, dengan demikian ketersediaan bahan baku mudah diperoleh dan memadai untuk pengolahan secara industri.  Pengolahan minuman rumput laut yang terdiri dari sirup, sari dan serbuk instant, sangat mudah serta pemasarannya  tidak sukar, dapat dijangkau oleh masyarakat kelas ekonomi  atas maupun bawah. Tujuan program ini yaitu pengembangan lapangan usaha baru untuk meningkatkatkan ekonomi masyarakat serta meningkatkan nilai jual dan ekonomi rumput laut. Target khusus program PKM ini  yaitu 1. memproduksi minuman  rumput laut memenuhi syarat sanitasi dan higienis, dikemas dan dilabel dengan baik/menarik  2.  Mengembangkan usaha  industri minuman sirup rumput laut . Adapun metoda pelaksanaan yang disepakati dengan mitra yaitu: 1. Masalah produksi minuman sirup rumput laut, pemasaran produk dan keuangan 2. Metoda untuk menyelesaikan masalah dengan penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi. 3 Prosedur kerja untuk menyelesaikan masalah melalui survey, penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan, evalusi, pelaporan dan jurnal.Kata kunci: Euchema cootonii, sirup, industri pengolahan

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