scholarly journals STUDI JUMLAH ANAK YANG DIINGINKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAKRO SOSIO-EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Sisilia Nurteta
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Value Of Children ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Macro Variables

Having a lot of children requires costs for fulfilling clothes, food, health, education and entertainment needs. Nowadays, families put more consideration at the value of children in terms of quality, not just quantity. The value of children is related to the number of children desired that mainly influenced by micro-level factors in the household. Nevertheless, there are indications that macro socio-economic factors also influence the number of desired fertility. This study uses correlation analysis to see the relationship between the average number of wanted children and macro variables such as contraceptive use, human development index (HDI), income per capita, proportion of poor population, age of first marriage, expenditure per capita per year, and woman’s work participation. The results show that the variables of contraceptive use, HDI, percentage of poor people, expenditure per capita, and female labour participation rate are statistically proven to affect the average number of desired children, while the variable income per capita and age at first marriage are not statistically significant. This study argued that the number of desired children is not only influenced by household micro variables but also socio-economic macro variables.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN KETERPAJANAN INFORMASI KELUARGA BERENCANA OLEH PETUGAS KB TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MENGGUNAKAN KONTRASEPSI ISTRI DI SUMATERA SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
VIYA YANTI MALA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Value Of Children ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT The decision to use contraception can vary according to the level of understanding of husband and wife to the concept of family planning. Therefore it is necessary to know the factors that influence decision making in the family, because this will affect the sustainability of family planning programs in the future. In bivariate analysis (chi square test) only 3 factors have a significant effect, namely age of first marriage, area of ​​residence, and knowledge of family planning, while other factors, such as age, education, occupation, wealth quintile, number of children, taking decisions, and exposure to family planning messages by family planning staff do not have a significant effect on contraceptive use. The results of the research show that the husband's influence is still strong in making decisions related to women's reproductive health. This condition shows the strong influence of gender and culture in a family. Perception of the value of children, namely as future investments and children as current investments affect family decisions in determining the number of children desired. Keywords: Decision making, wife contraception, family planning

Occupation and Divorce

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE N. GREENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Marriage Education ◽  
Transport Equipment ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Males And Females

Analyses of the combined General Social Surveys for 1972-1983 are used to estimate propensity to divorce (proportion of ever-married persons who have ever been divorced or legally separated) for major occupational categories and for selected occupations. Separate analyses for males and females show significant estimated effects of occupation on propensity to divorce even when occupational prestige, age, age at first marriage, income, education, and number of children are statistically controlled. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, male professional and technical workers do not have the lowest propensity to divorce. Propensity to divorce for male professional and technical workers, when adjusted for income, occupational prestige, age, age at first marriage, education, and number of children, is higher than for any occupational category except transport equipment operatives. For female workers, on the other hand, professional and technical workers do have the lowest propensity to divorce among nonfarm workers.

MARRIAGE STRUCTURE AND CONTRACEPTION IN NIGER

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA ANN PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Marriage Structure

Analysis of the 1992 Niger Demographic and Health Survey showed that although roughly two-thirds of both polygamous and monogamous women approve of birth control, polygamous wives are less likely than monogamous wives to discuss family size or birth control with their husband or to plan on using birth control. The study suggests that characteristics of polygamous couples have caused polygamous women to be more resistant to birth control use than monogamous women. The polygamous women tended to be married to older men who had not gone to primary school and who desired more children than monogamous husbands. The influence of marital structure is not significantly associated with intention to use birth control when the husband's age and the wife's ideal number of children were controlled for in the multivariate logistic regression model suggesting that background social factors may be more influential. In fact, educational level and age at first marriage were significantly associated with attitudes towards birth control and also with marital structure.

scholarly journals Determinants of desire for more children among women in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitiku Wale Muluneh ◽  
Yikeber Abebaw Moyehodie
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Living Children

Abstract Background Desire for more children has an impact on couple’s fertility behaviors. It can be a precursor of actual fertility performance. However, the desire for more children is declining over time in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identifying the determinants of the desire for more children among women in Ethiopia. Methods The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data were used for the analysis. The sample consisted of 15,683 women. The binary logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of desire for more children among women in Ethiopia. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results No education (having no formal education) (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.61–2.13), attained primary education (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.43–1.83), age at first marriage 10–19 years (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.27–2.54), Orthodox religion (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.19), Catholic religion (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.17–3.97), Muslim religion (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.15–2.50), living in Amhara (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78), Oromia (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.73–2.54), Benishangul (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.45), SNNPR (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.60), Gambela (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.57), Harari (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.82–2.76), ideal number of children four or fewer (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.42–0.53), number of living children four or fewer (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.90–2.37), and not use of contraceptives (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.35–1.68) were associated with a higher desire for more children. Conclusion This finding showed that the age of women, educational level, age at first marriage, religion, region, occupation, ideal number of children, number of living children, and use of contraceptives were significant determinants of desire for more children. Therefore, it is important to adopt programs to encourage the desire for more children, implement policies in an attempt to increase the total fertility rate in Ethiopia ought to critically consider these factors. Moreover, continuous education and knowledge on reproductive health will help for better fertility behaviour for the women.

scholarly journals Correlates of Fertility in a Low Contraception Setting: A Study of Ogu of South-Western Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onipede Wusu
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Spousal Communication ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
Children Ever Born

Total fertility rate in Nigeria is 5.7 compared with over 8 in the past. Modern contraceptive use within marriage is very low and socio-economic development is still crawling. What factors account for this fragile transition? This question is the focus of this study. The study examines the socioeconomic and cultural factors that account for fertility transition in the country. Data were gathered through a survey conducted among the Ogu of south-western Nigeria. Analysis employed descriptive statistical tools and Ordinary Least Square model. Analysis reveals that post primary education (especially among women), spousal discussion about family size, monogamous marriage and age at first marriage were inversely related to children ever born (CEB) among men and female respondents. The result suggests that moderate improvement in these factors are likely responsible for the fragile transition. Therefore, policies to raise literacy level especially among women, increase age at first marriage, promote monogamous marriage and spousal communication may accelerate the fragile transition in the country.

scholarly journals Reproductive behaviour in women in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 517-521
Author(s):  
T. Kazerooni ◽  
A. R. Talel ◽  
A. Sadeghi Hassanabadi ◽  
M. M. Arasteh ◽  
J. Saalabian
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Mean

Data on the reproductive behaviour of women in Shiraz are presented. A total of 9934 randomly selected women aged >/= 35 years of all socioeconomic levels were interviewed. The mean age at menarche +/- standard deviation was 13.96 +/- 1.23 years, mean age at first marriage was 17.10 +/- 4.24 years and mean age at first pregnancy was 19.50 +/- 3.90 years. The mean number of children was 4.56 +/- 1.70 children, although for illiterate women it was 6.76 +/- 1.76 children and for high-school or university-educated women it was 3.36 +/- 1.70 children. The mean age at menopause was 47.80 +/- 3.78 years

VARIATIONS IN UNMET NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION IN ZAMBIA: DOES ETHNICITY PLAY A ROLE?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUNICE N. S. IMASIKU ◽  
CLIFFORD O. ODIMEGWU ◽  
SUNDAY A. ADEDINI ◽  
DOROTHY N. ONONOKPONO
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryEthnicity has been found to be a significant indicator of social position, and many studies have also established that ethnicity is a significant determinant of contraceptive use. This study aims to examine whether ethnicity is an important predictor of unmet need for contraception. Analysis was based on data for 4343 ever-married women drawn from the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive analysis indicates that in all ethnic groups except the Barotse and Tonga, women aged 15–49 years were married at an average age below 18. The highest mean number of children among the ethnic groups was 6.7, among the Bemba; the lowest was 5.9, among the Barotse. The highest proportion of women with an unmet need for contraception resided in the Eastern region. Multivariate logistic analyses reveal that children ever-born and region of residence were the most important predictors of unmet need for spacing, whereas for unmet need for limiting predictors were age at first marriage and partner's desire for children. Moreover, unmet need for spacing and limiting among women with secondary or higher education was significantly lower (47% and 50%, respectively) compared with those with no education. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of unmet need for contraception. The findings stress the need for programmes aimed at enhancing the socioeconomic status of women.

An analysis of reproductive motivation in Shiraz, Iran

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Tolnay ◽  
A. H. Mehryar ◽  
S. Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Value Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryIn a sample of 260 married men in Shiraz, the relationship is studied of fertility to demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial variables, the last measuring the perceived economic value of children. The number of children ever born is closely associated with duration of marriage, but socioeconomic variables also exert a significant influence, especially the wife's educational level. Recent fertility is more closely associated with age of wife, but also with ownership of modern goods which is also the major factor in current contraceptive use. The perceived value of children appears unimportant, negligible in recent fertility and contraceptive use, and only showing a slight positive relationship between expected reliance on children for support in old age and the number of children ever born.

Determinants of cumulative fertility in Kenya

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. A. Agyei ◽  
Joseph Mbamanya
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Cumulative Fertility ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Using Data

SummaryThis paper analyses the effects of age at first marriage, level of education, place of residence, marriage disruption, religion, contraceptive use, and work status on cumulative fertility in Kenya, using data from the 1977–78 Kenya Fertility Survey. Age at first marriage is the main determinant of cumulative fertility, but there are significant effects of level of education and marriage disruption. Place of residence is only significant for the Coast province. The implication of the findings is that to promote any real decline in fertility, emphasis should be placed on providing higher education and work opportunities for young women as an alternative to early marriage.

scholarly journals Ethnic Fertility Differentials in Pakistan

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4II) ◽  
pp. 733-744
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Demand For Children

Pakistan is a country facing relatively high rates of population growth due to high fertility and decline in mortality rates. This is not only depleting scarce resources but also contributing significantly to environmental degradation. It is, therefore, desirable to know; why fertility rates in Pakistan remain high despite the nationwide family planning coverage since 1965? The objective of this study, therefore, is to establish trends and patterns of fertility among different ethnic groups (on the basis of languages spoken) in Pakistan. The study also explores the major reasons for different fertility behaviour. This is because; there are variety of languages spoken throughout the country having distinct norms, traditions and other customs which directly or indirectly influence fertility and fertility related decisions. The study found that the Balochi or Brohi speaking women had the most children, Sindhi and Pushto speaking women are the women with the second highest fertility levels, Punjabis with the lowest and Urdu speaking almost matching them. The study attributes the high fertility levels among some ethnic groups to low level of education, lower age at first marriage, higher demand for children and greater value placed on number of children. It is also found that fertility levels are high among those ethnic groups who have little knowledge and less use of contraceptives. On the basis of findings, study provides guideline to policy-makers, planners and family planning personnel’s for policy formation to facilitate reduction of fertility in particular context and to target specific sub-groups of population.

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