scholarly journals Penile length of newborns and children in Surakarta, Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annang Giri Moelyo ◽  
Melita Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Ambiguous Genitalia ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Penile Length ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diagnosis Age

Background Penile length is a factor for assessing abnormalities inexternal genitalia. To diagnose micropenis, a condition in whichpenile length is < - 2.5 standard deviations (SD), a reference isrequired for diagnosis. Age and race/ethnic groups are factorsthat contribute to normal penile length. To date, Indon esia doesnot have such a reference for normal penile length in newbornsand children.Objective To assess normal penile length in newborns and childrenin Surakarta, Central Java, in which the majority population isofJavanese ethnicity.Methods We studied male newborns and children who werepatients in Moewardi Hospital from January 2011 to January2012. We included males aged 0-18 years whose parents providedinformed consent. We excluded children with undescendedtestis, hypospadia, ambiguous genitalia, con genital anomalies,or syndromes (such as Down syndrome). For penile len gthmeasurements, we stretched the flaccid penis, depressed thepubic fat and placed a wooden spatula vertically along the dorsalpenis. The penile length was measured from the penile baseto the tip of the glans excluding the prepuce. Measurementswere performed three times and a mean value was calculatedfor each subject.Results Of the 300 subjects, 100 were newborns and 200 werechildren aged 1 month - 18 years. Two hundred ninety-six subjects(98.7%) were Javanese. The mean penile lengths of preterm(gestational age 30-36 weeks) and term (gestational age > 36weeks) newborns were 1.88 (SD 0.14) cm and 2.3 7 (SD 0.26) cm,respectively. The mean penile lengths by age groupings were asfollows: 0-<6 months, 2.67 (SD 0.58) cm; 6- < 12 months, 2.67(SD 0.58) cm; 1- <3 years, 2.80 (SD 0.84) cm; 3-<5 years, 3 .50(SD 0.55) cm; 5- <7 years, 3 .50 (SD 0.71) cm; 7-<9 years, 3 .85(SD 0.53 ) cm; 9-<ll years, 4.50 (SD 0.71) cm; 11-< 13 years,4.63 (SD 1.13) cm; 13-< 15 years, 5.53 (SD 1.45) cm; and 15-18years, 6.16 (SD 1.19) cm.Conclusion Normal penile length in boys in Surakarta is smallerthan the normal range reference currently in use.

Composição Corporal de Adultos Com Síndrome de Down e Excesso de Peso Atendidos em Hospital Universitário

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Leiliane Cruz Reis ◽  
Livia Maria Machado Nunes ◽  
Maria Edilma Da Silva Bezerra ◽  
Rosilene Reis Della Noce
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Pessoas com Síndrome de Down podem, frequentemente, apresentar doença cardíaca congênita, hipotireoidismo, distúrbios gastrointestinais e tendência ao sobrepeso e obesidade, comprometendo gravemente a saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a composição corporal de adultos com Síndrome de Down - SD e excesso de peso, atendidos em um Hospital Universitário. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo realizado na cidade de Belém do Pará, no ano de 2017, onde os participantes com SD, foram avaliados para determinação da composição corporal com a utilização do aparelho de bioimpedância elétrica InBody230. Foram avaliados 13 indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idades variando entre 20 e 40 anos. A média de peso dos indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino foi de 71,8 kg e 69,2 kg respectivamente, a média de Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC foi de 31,27 kg/m² para os homens e 34,08 kg/m² para as mulheres, classificada em obesidade. A maioria dos indivíduos apresenta Massa Muscular Esquelética - MME e Massa Livre de Gordura - MLG dentro da faixa de normalidade, porém os valores de Massa de Gordura (MG), assim como a Relação Cintura Quadril - RCQ de todos os indivíduos estão elevados. O acompanhamento individualizado da composição corporal, por meio da bioimpedância elétrica, mostrou ser um instrumento eficaz para avaliação do estado nutricional dessa população.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Down. Composição Corporal. Bioimpedância Elétrica.AbstractPeople with Down Syndrome can often have congenital heart disease, hypothyroidism, gastrointestinal disorders, and tendency to overweight and obesity severely compromising health. The objective of this study was to describe the body composition in adults with Down Syndrome and overweight treated in a University Hospital. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in the city of Belém do Pará in 2017, where the participants with DS, were evaluated to determine the body composition with the use of InBody 230 electric bioimpedance device. Eight individuals of both sexes with ages varying between 20 and 40 years were evaluated. The mean weight of the male and female subjects was 71.8 kg and 69.2 kg respectively, the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 31.27 kg / m² for men and 34.08 kg / m² for women, classified as obesity. The majority of individuals had a Skeletal Muscle Mass (MME) and Fat Free Mass (MLG) within the normal range, but the values of Mass of Fat (MG), as well as the Hip Waist Ratio (WHR) of all individuals are high. The individualized monitoring of body composition through electric bioimpedance proved to be an effective tool for assessing the nutritional status of this population.Keywords: Down Syndrome. Body composition. Electric impedance.

scholarly journals Haematological studies on vegans

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. B. Sanders ◽  
F. R. Ellis ◽  
J. W. T. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Blood Formation ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Erythrocyte Folate ◽  
The Mean

1. The concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in the serum and folate in the erythrocytes were determined and full blood counts made on a series of caucasian vegans and omnivore controls.2. The blood counts and films were normal in all the vegans and no subject had a haemoglobin concentration below the lower limit of normality.3. Although within the normal range, male but not female vegans had lower values for erythrocyte counts and higher values for mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin than their controls regardless of whether they were taking vitamin B12 supplements or not.4. The mean serum vitamin B12 concentration was lower in the vegans not taking vitamin B12 supplements and in those using foods supplemented with the vitamin than in the controls, but in no subject was it below 80 ng/l.5. The serum folate concentrations were higher in the vegans than in their controls. The mean value for erythrocyte folate tended to be greater in the vegans not taking vitamin B12 supplements. No subject had an erythrocyte folate concentration of less than 100μg/l.6. It is concluded that megaloblastic anaemia is very rare in caucasian vegans and that a diet consisting entirely of plant foods is generally adequate to promote normal blood formation providing it is composed of a mixture of unrefined cereals, pulses, nuts, fruit and vegetables and is supplemented with vitamin B12.

SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADDISON'S DISEASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Faber ◽  
Dorte Cohn ◽  
Carsten Kirkegaard ◽  
Morten Christy ◽  
Kaj Siersbæk-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Microsomal Antibody ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyroid Microsomal Antibodies ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Fourteen patients with Idiopatic Addison's disease (IAD) were studied in order to detect a possible subclinical hypothyroid state. All were clinically euthyroid with normal serum thyroxine (T4) and serum 3,5′,3′-triiodothyronine (T3). Eleven had circulating thyroid microsomal antibodies in blood. The mean basal serum TSH was significantly higher than that of the control group but only three patients had values above the upper normal range. The mean value of serum T4 was decreased as compared to that of the normal persons, while serum 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine was elevated. 7.5 mU bovine thyrotrophin per kilogram body weight injected intravenously caused a rise in serum T3 not different from the response in normals. However, as well increasing serum TSH as increasing microsomal antibody titer correlated significantly to decreasing thyroidal release of T3. Our results suggest that clinically euthyroid patients suffering from IAD might have a beginning thyroidal insufficiency because of a progressive immunological damage of the thyroid.

scholarly journals Hereditary high concentration of glutathione in canine erythrocytes associated with high accumulation of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Maede ◽  
N Kasai ◽  
N Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cysteine Synthetase

We have found a dog family in which there were five cases of increased red cell glutathione corresponding to four to five times the normal concentration without any clinical signs. In the present study, we mainly examined the concentrations of free amino acids in the erythrocytes, plasma, and urine of two of the dogs, and we demonstrated that the concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, and glutamine in their erythrocytes increases to 92, 63, and 13 times the mean value in the normal blood, respectively. There were no changes observed in the other amino acids as compared to normal, although the glycine and histidine in the erythrocyte showed slight increases. The concentrations of amino acids in the plasma and urine of the dogs were almost equal to normal ones. The activities of some of the enzymes involved in the glutathione metabolism in the erythrocytes from the two dogs were all within the normal range. The increased level of glutathione could be explained by the fact that the feedback inhibition of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase by glutathione was released by the high levels of glutamate in the erythrocytes.

scholarly journals The differences in parallelism between ala-tragus line and occlusal plane of down syndrome and normal individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
An-Nissa Kusumadewi ◽  
Erna Kurnikasari ◽  
Rasmi Rikmasari ◽  
Willyanti Soewondo
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Craniofacial Structure ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Ear Morphology ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean

People with down syndrome have a different craniofacial structure compared to normal individuals. Commonly, down syndrome patients have abnormal ear morphology with smaller size, and lower ear position compared to that of normalsubjects. These patients also have smaller nose, shorter maxilla structure and facial height. Other disorders are anomalies in tooth shape, numbers and size. The ala-tragus line is one of the anatomical landmarks to determine the occlusal plane orientation. Abnormalities in the anatomical structure of people with down syndrome can affect the parallelism between the ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane. The purpose of this research was to determine the differences in parallelism between the ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane of people with down syndrome and normal individuals. The sample in this study were people with down syndrome and normal individuals. The sample was photographed using a digital camera with a fox plane attached to the oral cavity. Parallelism of the ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane was analyzed by tracing these photographs. Photo tracing was done using the Autocad 2013 software. The mean value of angle on people with down syndrome (5.852° ± 5.367°) was greater than that of normal individuals (2.169° ± 2.557°). Based on the research, it was concluded that the parallelism of the ala-tragus line to the occlusal plane in people with down syndrome was different from that in normal individuals. The ala-tragus inferior line in normal individuals was more parallel to the occlusal plane compared to that in people with down syndrome.

scholarly journals A correlative study to evaluate the gestational age by sonological measurement of placental thickness in normal second and third trimester pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Sunil Pant ◽  
Sunita Dashottar
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Placental Thickness

Background: The dating of the pregnancy starts well before the fertilization has occurred because the gestational age is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). Accurate knowledge of the Gestational Age (GA) is the key for the good antenatal care and successful deliveries of babies. Menstrual history can be unreliable or misleading at many times. There may be fallacy in the measurement of the fetal biometric parameters in estimating the gestational age in some situation. So, there is a need of another parameter for supplementing the gestational age estimation with minimal error. The aim of the study was to evaluate the placental thickness as a parameter for estimation of gestational age and also to assess the growth pattern of placenta with advancing gestational age.Methods: A total of 110 pregnant women who selected randomly from the antenatal clinics (between the gestational ages from 14 weeks to 40 weeks) who did not have any maternal or fetal complications. The biometric parameters: Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Head Circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL) and the Placental thickness (PT) were measured by ultrasound machine LOGIQ P5 unit with a curvilinear 3.5 MHz transducer. Mean value of the placental thickness along with the standard deviation (SD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each gestational age from 14 weeks to 40 weeks. Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression analysis was done quantifying the relationship between the gestational age in weeks and the placental thickness in millimetres.Results: The mean values of placental thickness show a perfect positive relationship (increasing trend) with gestational age and the mean value of placental thickness almost correspond to the gestational age till 35 weeks of the gestational age and fall marginally from 36 weeks. Placental thickness showed positive and significant correlation with gestational age (P-value<0.001) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) of 0.990.Conclusions: Placental thickness can be an additional parameter for estimation of the gestational age as it almost corresponds with the gestational age in second and third trimesters. Also, any abnormal placental thickness for the particular gestational age should raise the suspicion of underlying fetal or maternal disease condition which can cause an increased or decreased in the placental thickness and should be addressed in time.

The Effect of Sunglint Correction for Estimating Water Depth Using Rationing, Thresholding, and Mean Value Algorithms

Rekayasa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Luhur Moekti Prayogo ◽  
Abdul Basith
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Object ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Depth Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shallow Water Depth

Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) is an alternative for obtaining shallow water depth data. The existence of images with various resolutions, the availability of a complete image band can develop the extraction results. This method is based on the principle of the satellite's visible band to estimate water depth. The mapping of shallow water depth is dependent on water conditions, both its brightness and surface. When the sensor senses a water object, the reflected reflection comes from the surface, and some sensors cannot penetrate the water object. The sun's position and the sensor's point of view when sensing it results in interference from the water surface (Sunglint). The sunglint effect on the image can be reduced by performing RGB band correction with NIR Infrared. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of Sunglint's correction on three SDB approaches, namely Thresholding, Rationing, and Mean Value on Worldview 3 imagery in Karimunjawa Islands, Central Java. This study's results indicate that the Sunglint correction on Worldview 3 imagery affects the depth extraction results. The best results are shown by Sunglint's correction using the Thresholding approach (B2-B7), which produces the best correlation with R2 of 0.7364 and (B7-B2) with R2 = 0.7351. Contrastingly, the lowest correlation was generated using the Mean Value ((B2 + B7) / 2) approach without Sunglint's correction with R2 = 0.4015. So this research proves that the Worldview 3 image with Sunglint correction can provide bathymetry data, especially in shallow waters.

scholarly journals The importance of timely ophthalmologic examination in preterm infants at risk of retinopathy occurrence

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 765-770
Author(s):  
Sanja Knezevic ◽  
Nadezda Stojanovic ◽  
Ana Oros ◽  
Jasmina Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
The Mean

Background/Aim. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disease in premature infants. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of ROP in children treated at the Center of Neonatology, Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Center in Kragujevac, Serbia. Methods. The study covered all children with birth weight below 2,000 g and/or gestational age below the 37th week, who from June 2006 to December 2009 underwent ophthalmological examination for ROP. The results of fundoscopy were classified in accordance with the International Classification of ROP. The treatment of infants and those with ROP was conducted in accordance with the early treatment of ROP study recommendations. We analyzed gestational age, birth weight and postconceptional age in two groups: healthy infants and those with severe form of ROP. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 16. Results. A total of 478 children met the criteria of screening for ROP. Severe stage of ROP, which required laser treatment, had 102 (21.3%) children. Out of the infants with severe ROP 14 (13.7%) of the infants with APD had aggressive posterior disease, while two (0.4%) remained blind. The differences in the mean values of gestational age between the healthy and the children with severe form of the disease were statistically significant (p < 0.0005). The mean value of gestational age for the healthy children was 33.33 ? 2.28 weeks and for the seek infants 30.66 ? 2.79 weeks. The mean value of the weight in healthy children was 1.981 ? 407 g, and in sick children 1.535 ? 434 g which was statistically significant (p < 0.0005). Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that the occurrence of the disease depends on body weight and gestational age. Conclusion. The incidence of severe forms of ROP was 21.3%. Aggressive form of ROP was present in 13.7% of the children. The cut-off value for body weight was 1.740 g, and for gestational age 32.5 weeks.

Fibrinogen, D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin Complexes in a Random Population Sample: Relationships with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Giansante ◽  
Nicola Fiotti ◽  
Luigi Cattin ◽  
Paolo Giovanni Da Col ◽  
Salvatore Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Random Population Sample ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryFibrinogen is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and both D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes may be suitable as laboratory markers of deep venous thrombosis and are becoming more widespread in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate their normal range and to examine their correlation with various cardiovascular risk factors. Fibrinogen, D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes were assessed in 516 normal subjects randomly selected from the National Health Service register of Trieste (Italy). In our community the mean value of fibrinogen was 283 ± 71 mg/dl. Fibrinogen increases with age in males and was significantly higher in male smokers. In non-smokers, females had significantly higher fibrinogen values than males. The mean value of D-Dimer was 306 ± 130 ng/ml. In females it is significantly higher. The fibrinogen and D-Dimer correlation coefficient was 0.20 (p < 0.001). The mean level of Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes was 6.25 ±6.8 ng/ml with a distribution markedly skewed towards the left; males had lower concentration than females (p = 0.047). Multiple regression analysis for fibrinogen as a dependent variable showed that D-Dimer, LDL- eholesterol, Body-Mass Index and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes were poor predictors for fibrinogen plasma levels (R2 = 0.23) and that fibrinogen, ApoAl and age can explain only about 10% of the observed variability in D-Dimer.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Vitamin B12 Activity in Health, Polycythemia, and in Deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Folate

Blood ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. OMER ◽  
N. D. C. FINLAYSON ◽  
D. J. C. SHEARMAN ◽  
R. R. SAMSON ◽  
R. H. GIRDWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Polycythemia

Abstract A method for the estimation of vitamin B12 in erythrocytes using E. gracilis is described. In 29 normal subjects the mean value was 158 pg./ml. (S.D. 31 pg.) packed cells. Five of 14 patients with untreated primary polycythemia had very low erythrocyte vitamin B12 levels, and in the group as a whole the value was significantly less than normal. In eight patients with secondary polycythemia the erythrocyte vitamin B12 did not differ from normal, though two patients had values below the normal range. In 19 cases of pernicious anemia the mean erythrocyte vitamin B12 level was 53 pg./ml. (S.D. 32 pg.) packed cells which was significantly reduced. There was no constant relation between the erythrocyte and plasma levels. In eight cases of folate deficiency the erythrocyte vitamin B12 level was significantly reduced, with a mean value of 95 pg./ml. (S.D. 57 pg.) packed cells.

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