scholarly journals ORGANIZATION AND PROVISION OF MEDICAL AND MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO PEASANTS-MIGRANTS OF AKMOLINSKII AND SEMIPALATINSKII REGIONS OF THE STEPPE TERRITORY (80 YEARS OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Anna I. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resettlement Administration ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
And Control

Based on a wide range of sources, the article analyzes the process of organizing and providing medical care to peasant migrants in the Akmolinski and Semipalatinskii regions of the Steppe Territory of the Russian Empire. It is noted that in the 80s XIX century at the legislative level it has been adjusted peasant resettlement process in the Asian part of the country, which greatly increased the migratory flows. The organization and control over the resettlement were entrusted to the Resettlement Administration, which was specially created in 1896 under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It was revealed that one of the central tasks of its work was the organization of medical and sanitary assistance to displaced persons on the way to the places of expulsion. The practical implementation of the task found expression in the creation of special medical and sanitary points at railway stations, where the trains, which transported the migrants, stopped. Such trains were provided with medical personnel, medicines and medical equipment. In the resettlement distribution points where the settlers arrived, medical and nutritional centers were created. This centers providing medical assistance to the newcomers, providing hot meals and clean water. It is emphasized that in the process of organizing and operating the medical and nutritional centers, the Resettlement Administration had to face a number of problems, the main of which was the lack of medical personnel. Nevertheless, thanks to the established medical and sanitary service and the professional activity of medical personnel, the Resettlement Administration managed to bring the epidemiological situation under control and reduce the percentage of mortality among the migrants on their way to the places of exclusion.

scholarly journals General-criminal prisons of the Russian Empire in the XIX century (on the example of the Orenburg province)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Yulia Vladimirovna Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper attempts to provide, on the basis of archival and published materials, a brief description of the state of general prisons in the Russian Empire in the 19th century on the example of the Orenburg province. In the first half of the XIX century, many prison buildings were in a dilapidated state, most of them were wooden. The prisoners suffered from overcrowding, they were not separated by sex and age, the sick were kept together with the healthy ones, they were hungry, they lived in begging. Very often the premises for prisons were private rental houses. There were no medical personnel in prisons, there were epidemics that led to a huge increase in mortality. As for the work, in the first half of the XIX century in prison locks and guards it was introduced in the rarest cases, since there were no special rooms for this. In the post-reform period, many prison premises were repaired, premises began to be rented for hospitals, the prisoners diet improved in the 1980s. The payment for arrest labor was introduced, the educational activity in prisons improved. Despite the measures taken by the government, the state of ordinary prisons in the southern Urals throughout the XIX century was still deplorable due to the fact that there was not enough money, or the local administration was not interested in improving the situation of the prisoners and the state of the prisons themselves.

scholarly journals The role of N. Ilminsky and S. Rachinsky in the formation of the personality of S. Smolensky

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Oksana Tsuranova
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

Background. The modern system of national education, including music, is on the path of reorganization and reformation. Creating new educational models, it is useful to refer to the samples, time-tested, created by people whose names are permanently inscribed in the European cultural and historical fund. This confirms the life and work of Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky (1848–1909) – teacher, medievalist, composer, regent, reformer of the music education system, public and cultural figure, ideologist of the New Direction of Orthodox Music of the late XIX – first half of the XX centuries. The formation of the ideology of the musician-teacher, the approval of his convictions became possible in many ways thanks to the support of two of his contemporaries, outstanding pedagogical figures – N. Ilminsky and S. Rachinsky. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to reveal the personal interaction of S. Smolensky with N. Ilminsky, S. Rachinsky, to appraise the contribution of the latter to the formation and development of his ideological positions, which determined the direction of further professional activity. Methods. The article uses the method of historicism, which allows us to consider the phenomena of artistic culture, enlightenment and education in the dynamics of their formation. Results. The formation of S. Smolensky took place in the Kazan period of life under the influence of Nikolai Ilminsky and Sergey Rachinsky. Nikolai Ivanovich Ilminsky (1822–1891) – orientologist, mission temissionary-teacher, biblical scholar, takes a special place in the biography of Stepan Vasilyevich Smolensky. The scientific works of N. Ilminsky cover a wide area of knowledge, like that: theology, linguistics, foreign translation, pedagogy and missionary work. His scientific studies, their practical implementation, which have not lost their relevance even nowadays, put Nikolai Ivanovich in a row of prominent figures of the Orthodox enlightenment of small peoples of the Volga region, Ural region and Siberia. The merits of N. Ilmisnky belongs to the founding of the first schools for small nations of the Volga region, as well as the teachers’ seminary in Kazan, where S. Smolensky was invited to the post of teacher of singing, history and geography. Church singing was considered in the missionary policy of the government as an important strategic element of introducing baptized aliens to orthodoxy. To this end, S. Smolensky was involved in a large-scale project of translating religious chants into the languages of the national small peoples of the Volga region, which determined the direction of his entire musical and singing work. Fully sharing the beliefs of N. Ilminsky, the young teacher focused on teaching church singing, in the moral and educational significance of which he infinitely believed. The lack of a methodical program for this discipline in public schools made S. Smolensky delve into this area of knowledge, as a result of which he developed the author’s system of teaching the named subject. In his pedagogical activity, S. Smolensky made extensive use of the methodological manuals created by him, which became an indispensable teaching material for future teachers. Here in Kazan, with the assistance of N. Ilminsky was opened a new page in the life of S. Smolensky, his deep immersion in the field of paleographic research. In Kazan, in the period of close cooperation with N. Ilminsky, typical features of S. Smolensky’s future activity were outlined, which received its brilliant application in the next Moscow period of life, during his leadership and reforming the Synodal School of Church Singing and Choir. S. Smolensky called his last teacher Sergei Alexandrovich Rachinsky (1833–1902) – professor and founder of the Department of Plant Physiology, Moscow University, a teacher, corresponding member of the Imperial St.-Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The acquaintance of S. Smolensky and S. Rachinsky occurred on the basis of the folk soil, based on Orthodox ideals. Foresight of judgment and deep knowledge of ancient church chants gave S. Rachinsky the right to take an active part in the scientific and educational activities of S. Smolensky. This confirms the extensive work carried out by S. Smolensky on the harmonization of the main Orthodox chants, undertaken at the insistence of his elder friend. The reforms carried out by S. Smolensky in Moscow and St.-Petersburg were fundamentally based on the education system of S. Rachinsky, aimed at developing the national element. Conclusions. A powerful monolith in the face of the polyglot and the manager N. Ilminsky, set off by the elegance of the artistic, but at the same time «meekly obstinate» nature of the educator-creator S. Rachinsky multiplied to the personality of Stepan Vasilyevich. In turn, the example of the life and work of S. Smolensky set a high tone and indicated a movement vector for many respectable professionals of musicians, teachers, choir masters, and scientists. Faith S. Smolensky, by lifeblood of the folk song and znamenny chant, inspired a wide range of composers, including P. Chesnokov, A. Kastalsky, S. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, A. Nikolsky, N. Golovanov, K. Shvedov, Vik. Kalinnikov and others. Becoming one of the founders of medievalism in the area of church music, S. Smolensky outlined the main components of a scientific search in the history and theory of ortodox church singing, in the course of which A. Preobrazhensky, A. Nikolsky and others. A gifted teacher and organizer, S. Smolensky showed an example of the work of exemplary musical institutions whose school was attended by the greatest choirmaster of the last century: P. Chesnokov, N. Golovanov, N. Danilin, S. Zharov, A. Egorov and others. What has been said gives the right to assert that we can be fruitful in history, provided, like S. Smolensky, we will with intense effort learn from our forefathers, carefully looking at the value of their professional and life experience.

scholarly journals Mykola Yakovych Dakhnov (1862–1930): the Symbolic Personality of Steppic Forestry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Varfolomii Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article is search and generalization of information about M. Ya. Dakhnovʼs life and activity and creation of the most complete biography of the outstanding forester of Ukraine for today.Methods of research: analytical-synthetic, historical-chronological, comparative-historical, logical, historical-biographical.The scientific novelty: for the first time in the historical-chronological context the life and creative way of the outstanding forester M. Ya. Dakhnov is being considered. The hypothesis about the M. Ya. Dakhnov's pedigree is expressed and substantiated.Practical significance: materials can be used in drawing up handbooks on the history of forestry in Ukraine.The originality of the research is based on a wide range of sources used and their analytical and synthetic elaboration.Type of article: descriptive, research. scientific and biographical.The main results. Based on the analysis of historiographical sources on the history of the development of the national steppe forestry, the subject of research was determined: the life and career of a well-known forester and gardener Mykola Yakovych Dakhnov. The little-known facts of his life activity were introduced into scientific circulation. A hypothesis was expressed about who were the parents (father) M. Ya. Dakhnov. The materials are given that in his youth M. Ya. Dakhnov was involved in protest actions against the government of the Russian Empire. The process of the formation of M. Ya. Dakhnov as a well-known specialist in the field of steppe forestry and gardening is considered. Based on the study of materials of the forestry congress in Great Anadol (1908), the role of M. Ya. Dakhnov in the creation and practical implementation of various types of afforestation and methods of "remediation" of forest stands was substantiated. His organizational and scientific activities during the 1908 congress in Great Anadol are shown and his proposals on strengthening the gardening direction in lower forest schools are considered. Given the little-known facts from the life and work of M. Ya. Dakhnov after 1919, when he retired, It was suggested that the resignation and relocation to Alushta could be associated with family circumstances caused by the civil war. Attention is drawn to the presence of "white spots" in biographical essays on M. Ya. Dakhnov. It is noted in this regard, the need for further research of his life and work.

scholarly journals Introduction of Russian state judiciary on the territory of Ukraine (end of XVIII – early XIX century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
O. Byrkovych
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
County Courts

The article reveals the peculiarities of the implementation of the Russian judicial system in the Hetmanate in the second half of the XVIII - first half of the XIX century. It is pointed out that the incorporation policy of the Russian Empire provided for the full inclusion of Ukrainian lands in the empire, both in administrative and legal aspects. Beginning with the abolition of the institution of the Hetmanate, the regimental-hundred system, the imperial authorities tried to eradicate from life all the legal attributes of the Cossacks, which were traditional for the population and differed from the classical Russian. One of such attributes of statehood was the system of the judiciary and the judiciary. Having determined the specifics and characteristics of the traditional Ukrainian judicial system, which has been implemented in the Hetmanate since the middle of the XVII century, judicial reforms of P. Orlyk, K. Rozumovsky, the peculiarities of the introduction of the Russian class system of justice are established. After the liquidation of the regimental-hundred system and the introduction of division in the provinces, zemstvo (provincial) and county courts began to be established on the territory of Ukraine, which had a wide range of powers and were divided into criminal and civil departments. Zemsky courts were the court of the highest instance and the main appellate body, but decided only cases involving the nobility. The formal election of judges and their subordination to the emperor was a compromise that satisfied both the government and guaranteed the loyalty of the nobility. County courts were under the control of the nobility, which leveled the transparency of decisions. The lowest judiciary was the village courts, which dealt with most economic and administrative issues related to the most vulnerable. The practice of «arbitration» and «conscientious» courts, whose task was to resolve disputes at the pre-trial stage, can be considered a certain positive. They minimized and debureaucratized the judicial system, forming an effective alternative to county courts. Contractual principles in the judiciary, given the existence of about 10 thousand legal acts, some of which were naturally not known to judges, and sometimes contradicted each other, became the key to the stability of the judiciary in the pre-reform period.

scholarly journals Influence of vocational education on color vocabulary and color naming patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Griber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Color ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Introduction. The professional education received and the professional activity carried out have a tangible impact on many spheres of human life. A professional environment influences a person’s consciousness, changes his/her conceptual thinking and lexical content of everyday communication. The purpose of the research is to test whether growing color competence affects the size, variability, and quality of the color vocabulary of native Russian speakers. Materials and methods. The data were collected in an online experiment involving 1737 native Russian speakers with different professional backgrounds and levels of color competence: 1103 participants were not professionally involved with color (hereafter referred to as non-professionals); 509 were students, in the process of professionally mastering the theoretical foundations of color science and colorism, and had basic color competence (hereafter referred to as novice professionals); 125 participants were practicing colorists and color consultants, designers and architects (hereafter referred to as experienced professionals). Results. The research showed that the growth of professional experience and coloristic competence noticeably affects the color vocabulary and color naming patterns. Compared to non-professionals, novice and experienced professionals use more complex color naming patterns and a greater variety of chromatic and achromatic modifiers (the Shannon diversity index increases from 6.55 to 7.52 and 7.12 respectively), but fewer basic color names (they account for 47% of non-professional, 43% of novice and 38% of experienced professionals’ vocabulary). The influence of professional education and professional culture is most pronounced in the choice of referent objects for describing connotations. 132 of the 320 referent objects proposed by non-professionals, and 113 of the 301 objects proposed by professionals, were “endemic” to each of these groups and were not used by representatives of other groups. Non-professionals most often described hues using naturally occurring substances, plants, flowers, artifacts, and body products as prototypes. Color specialists chose as referents dyes, pigments, paint brands, and exotic terms that fill modern advertising. Conclusions. The results confirm the hypothesis that, in addition to the universal perceptual factors that control color categorization, color-related cognitive processes are also influenced by social and cultural factors. The revealed professional differences of color vocabulary and color naming patterns can be used in the practical implementation of the process of formation of linguodidactic design of professional personality of a wide range of professionals, whose activities are directly or indirectly related to the choice of color and color design.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN TEACHER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Alevtina P. Zykina
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
System Development ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The topics that are devoted to the social and legal status of the teacher at different stages in the historical development of the national school are the ones that are little-studied in Russian historiography. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main aspects of the Russian teacher’s position in the society by the end of the reign of Emperor Nicholas I, by the middle of the XIX century. To date, there are no special scientific papers devoted to this topic. Different methods of historical science were used in this study. For example, the historical method (for studying the facts and phenomena in the dynamics of their development), the historical-comparative method (for analyzing and systematizing the factual material to identify the general and differences in the status of teachers in different regions of the country and different types of educational institutions), etc. The paper characterizes the main requirements for the professional activity of teachers in accordance with the normative legal documents. It provides information about their educational level and job responsibilities as well. The social origin of teachers and the conditions of their professional activity are analyzed. A distinctive feature of the school system development in the Russian Empire at this stage was a rapid increase in the number of primary and secondary educational institutions. At the same time, the number of students in them increased as well. However, there were not enough teachers in the country for a number of objective reasons. The article also discusses these reasons. The results of studying the historical experience in implementing reforms and transformations in the field of school education can be used in modern conditions in the development of approaches and methods for solving specific problems in this area. The study performed is not exhaustive. It is necessary to continue studying the issue of the teacher’s position in the society on the example of teachers of provincial schools, working conditions in national regions, etc. The study suggests that by the middle of the XIX century, the number of teachers in Russia significantly increased. This happened against the background of the school system expansion. Therefore, there was still a shortage of teachers. The status of teachers in the country was not the same. The status of a gymnasium teacher was much higher than that of his colleague, who worked in an uyezd school and even more so in a rural parish school.

A Generalized Architecture for Academic and Industrial Automation and Control via Internet

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-610
Author(s):  
Ahmed O. Abdul Salam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Industrial Automation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control

Automation via the internet has recently received considerable attention. The prime objective of internetbased process automation underlies, amongmany others, the feasibility of remote monitoring and control of a wide range of distributed and collaborative experimental and manufacturing tools and machineries. Such emphasis would adopt the recent software and hardware development technologies. This paper investigates the minimal hardware and software requirements to design and implement a fully functional academic and industrial automation system that can be readily attached to the available internet/intranet infrastructure. Three tiers mainly constitute the proposed system, the instrumentation and measurement tier, the software platform (for data collection, processing, displaying, and communication), and the client-server tier. The common controllerbased techniques, such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers), SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), and DAQ (Data Acquisition) platforms can be very well employed in such applications without sophistication burdens. Eventually, the ultimate intentions of having engineers and technical operators to monitor, control, maintain, and calibrate factory equipment, or students involved in lab experimentation, from local or remote distances can be successfully achieved around the clock. Previous and current practical implementation examples will be verified to assess the feasibility range of existing techniques and their implications.

scholarly journals Parish Clergy of Voronezh Diocese in Fight Against the Cholera Epidemic of 1892—1893

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-307
Author(s):  
S. A. Ikonnikov
Keyword(s):  
Educational Activity ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Daily Contact ◽  
Parish Clergy ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the study of the role of clergy and clergymen of the Voronezh diocese in the fight against the spread of the cholera epidemic of 1892-1893. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the contribution of the clergy of the Orthodox Russian Church to countering the spread of infectious diseases has practically not been studied. It is noted that in the Russian Empire, Orthodox clerics were not only ministers of the altar, but also performed a number of socially significant functions. Based on a wide range of historical sources, the author analyzes the attitude of the population of the Voronezh province to cholera disease. The educational activity of clerics, the participation of clergy in organizing aid to parishioners are considered. It is emphasized that the clergy were closely associated with the peasant population of the empire, daily contact with them during the divine service. The study showed that the state tried to use the experience and knowledge of the clergy and clergymen, considering them as the social support of the autocratic system. The author concludes that the parish clergy and clergymen played an important role in the fight against infectious disease, not only participating in educational activities and spiritually supporting the population, but also providing those in need with initial medical assistance.

Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

Measurements method of the audio recordings acoustic quality indicator prepared for registration and processing in the Unified Biometric System

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Savchenko ◽  
A.V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Pitch Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Automated Quality Control

We consider the task of automated quality control of sound recordings containing voice samples of individuals. It is shown that in this task the most acute is the small sample size. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the novel method of acoustic measurements based on relative stability of the pitch frequency within a voice sample of short duration. An example of its practical implementation using aninter-periodic accumulation of a speech signal is considered. An experimental study with specially developed software provides statistical estimates of the effectiveness of the proposed method in noisy environments. It is shown that this method rejects the audio recording as unsuitable for a voice biometric identification with a probability of 0,95 or more for a signal to noise ratio below 15 dB. The obtained results are intended for use in the development of new and modifying existing systems of collecting and automated quality control of biometric personal data. The article is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of acoustic measurements and digital processing of speech signals, as well as for practitioners who organize the work of authorized organizations in preparing for registration samples of biometric personal data.

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