scholarly journals Using A “Superrooting”Cultivar of Taxus Chinensis Var. Mairei to Unravel Antioxidative Enzymes’ and Micrornas’ Role on Adventitious Rooting

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Wei Tang ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Yongjun Fei
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Taxus Chinensis ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Low Rate

Rooting of cuttings is very important for production of economically important plants. We produced thousands of plantlets in Taxus chinensisvar. mairei using the technology of rooting of cuttings and identified two types of rooted cuttings, one with low rate of root formation and another with high rate of root formation. To determine the physiological role of antioxidative enzymes and microRNAs during the process of rooting, we measured the levels of these antioxidative enzymes and microRNAs in the stem portion, needles, roots, and basal portion of cuttings. Compared to the cuttings with low rate of root formation, cuttings with high rate of root formation had higher expression of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the adventitious roots and basal portion of the rooted cuttings 77 days after planting. In the basal portion of cuttings, the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total phenols were decreased and the content of antioxidants was increased, but they did not changed in the needles of cuttings during planting. Analysis of microRNAs by quantitative realtime PCR demonstrated that expression of miR162, miR408, and miR857 increases in the basal portion of cuttings, but not in the stem portion of cuttings, 77 days after planting. Expression of miR408 and miR857 were also increased in the needles of cuttings 77 days after planting. Changes of these antioxidative enzymes and microRNAs associated with the rooting features of T. chinensisvar. maireicuttings and their functions have been discussed.

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid, Polyamines, and Phenols in Hardwood Cuttings of Recalcitrant-to-Root Wild Grapes Native to East Asia: Vitis davidii and Vitis kiusiana

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Shiozaki ◽  
Masahiro Makibuchi ◽  
Tsuneo Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Vitis Labruscana ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Vitis Davidii ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), free, conjugated, and bound polyamines (PAs), and phenols were estimated in the basal portion of hardwood cuttings of Vitis davidii and V. kiusiana in relation to rooting and compared with Vitis labruscana Bailey cv. Campbell Early. A high rate of root formation was observed in ‘Campbell Early’ cuttings 60 days after planting. However, none of the V. davidii and V. kiusiana cuttings formed roots. An increase in IAA contents was observed in ‘Campbell Early’ cuttings, but not in V. davidii and V. kiusiana, 60 days after planting. The content of free, conjugated, and bound PAs was either constant or decreased in ‘Campbell Early’ cuttings during planting and was especially decreased in conjugated putrescine and spermidine. An increase in free and conjugated putrescine was observed after planting in V. kiusiana cuttings. In the cuttings of V. davidii, only bound spermine increased after planting. The content of total phenols, orthodiphenols, total catechins, and gallocatechin derivatives decreased after planting in ‘Campbell Early’ cuttings. Orthodiphenols and total catechin contents increased in the cuttings of V. kiusiana, and gallocatechin derivatives increased in V. davidii. The relationships between these endogenous factors and the recalcitrant-to-root features of V. davidii and V. kiusiana cuttings are discussed.

A Note on Groove Depth Changes Without Wear

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Tread wear rates during first wear measured by groove depth and weight changes do not always agree. Sometimes, the groove depth method shows a high rate and the weight loss method a low rate. Reported here are experiments designed to determine if grooves show depth changes without wear. Four tires were measured before mounting on a wheel, after mounting and inflation, and after inflation and storage. The mounted and inflated tires showed shallower shoulder grooves and deeper center grooves than the unmounted tires. In a second experiment, tires were measured immediately after a tread wear test and then stored mounted for two weeks before remeasuring. Each groove became deeper, and there was no change in the crown radius of any tire.

scholarly journals Combining High- and Low-Rate Geodetic Data Analysis for Unveiling Rapid Magma Transfer Feeding a Sequence of Violent Summit Paroxysms at Etna in Late 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4630
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bonforte ◽  
Flavio Cannavò ◽  
Salvatore Gambino ◽  
Francesco Guglielmino
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Magma Sources ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Low Rate

We propose a multi-temporal-scale analysis of ground deformation data using both high-rate tilt and GNSS measurements and the DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions in order to investigate a sequence of four paroxysmal episodes of the Voragine crater occurring in December 2015 at Mt. Etna (Italy). The analysis aimed at inferring the magma sources feeding a sequence of very violent eruptions, in order to understand the dynamics and to image the shallow feeding system of the volcano that enabled such a rapid magma accumulation and discharge. The high-rate data allowed us to constrain the sources responsible for the fast and violent dynamics of each paroxysm, while the cumulated deformation measured by DInSAR and daily GNSS solutions, over a period of 12 days encompassing the entire eruptive sequence, also showed the deeper part of the source involved in the considered period, where magma was stored. We defined the dynamics and rates of the magma transfer, with a middle-depth storage of gas-rich magma that charges, more or less continuously, a shallower level where magma stops temporarily, accumulating pressure due to the gas exsolution. This machine-gun-like mechanism could represent a general conceptual model for similar events at Etna and at all volcanoes.

PARAMETERS FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANTS WITH HIGH-RATE AND LOW-RATE ACTIVATED SLUDGE TANKS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brands ◽  
M. Liebeskind ◽  
M. Dohmann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Rate

This study shows a comparison of important parameters for dynamic simulation concerning the highrate and low-rate activated sludge tanks of several municipal wastewater treatment plants. The parameters for the dynamic simulation of the single-stage process are quite well known, but parameters for the high-ratellow-rate activated sludge process are still missi ng, although a considerable number of wastewater treatment plants are designed and operated that way. At present any attempt to simulate their operation is restricted to the second stage due to missing data concerning growth rate, decay rate, yield coefficient and others.

Noncontingent Nonreinforcement of a Response as the Aversive Event in a Cer Paradigm

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Calef ◽  
Richard A. Kaufman ◽  
Ronald N. Bone ◽  
Steven A. Werk
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Aversive Event ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Response Facilitation ◽  
Early Training ◽  
Low Rate

The present experiment investigated the effects of noncontingent nonreinforcement as the aversive event in a CER paradigm. The results showed a significant response-facilitation effect during early training, but none during later training with a high rate-producing, high-density reinforcement schedule. The present results imply that a low rate-producing, high-density reinforcement schedule is not a necessary condition for response facilitation.

scholarly journals Influence of phytohormones on vegetative propagation of different forms of pannonian thyme (Thymus pannonicus All.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Vladimir Filipović ◽  
Vladan Ugrenović ◽  
Zoran Maksimović ◽  
Vera Popović ◽  
Danica Paunović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Plant Collection ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
The Impact

The paper examined the impact of the application of three different phytohormones (INCIT 2, INCIT 5 and INCIT 8, all based on a-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)), with the cuttings of two forms of Pannonian thyme (the L-16 form, with hairy leaves, and the L-9 form, with hairless leaves), established during two periods (March and May), on the percentage of the rooted cuttings and the morphological properties of the seedlings. As the control, the variant without the application of the phytohormones was taken. The research was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2020, in a plastic greenhouse, using the plant collection of the Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr Josif Pančić", which is located in Pančevo city, Serbia (44°52'20"N; 20°42'06"E; 74 m.a.s.l.). For this research was used the Pannonian thyme species (Thymus pannonicus All.) from the Lamiaceae family, which is grown and produced at the Institute. Plant establishment was carried out in four repetitions with 33 cuttings per each variant. Standard measures of care were used during the period of production of Pannonian thyme. The measurement was performed after 60 days from the date of conducted the experiment. The following parameters were measured: the percentage of rooted cuttings (%), the mass of the rooted plantlings (g), the mass of roots (g), the length of rooting (cm) and the number of root hairs of the formed rootings. The measuring was done using a ruler, millimetre paper and an analytical balance. Given the results achieved, INCIT 2 proved to be the most suitable phytohormone for the rooting of Pannonic thyme cuttings, with the average percentage of rooted cuttings of 61.3%. The lowest rooting percentage was recorded in the control variant, only 29.4%. Satisfactory rooting was found in the cuttings treated with INCIT 8 (57.6%). The L-16 form cuttings showed a higher rooting rate, an average of 53.8%, whereas the L-9 form cuttings had a lower average percentage of rooted cuttings (45.0%) for both plant establishment periods. Greater success and quality in the rooting of cuttings was recorded in the second (May) period of plant establishment, averaging 58.1%, which was higher by 17.4% than the percentage of rooted cuttings in the first establishment period (40.7%). It is important to note that the rooting of the L-9 form was significantly higher in the second establishment period (58.1%) than that in the first establishment period (31.9%).

scholarly journals Biotechnological basis for application of growth regulators for rooting of green cuttings of trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Roman A. Shchukin ◽  
Oleg E. Bogdanov ◽  
Ilya P. Zavoloka ◽  
Gennady S. Ryazanov ◽  
Nikolay M. Kruglov
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Common Lilac ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

This article presents data on the rooting of green cuttings of the studied species of ornamental trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system. We accounted the number of days from planting to the root formation and the number of rooted cuttings for each replication during our performance. We studied the influence of root formation stimulants on the rooting rate of various types of ornamental deciduous, flowering and coniferous plants. The effect of application of root formation stimulants is confirmed by the formation of a high-quality root system that is superior in length to those that were vegetated without “Kornevin”. However, the use of root formation stimulants is not advisable on shrubby cinquefoil, common privet and common lilac “Mademoiselle Casimir Perier”, because there is practically no increase in the rooting rate of cuttings in these plant species, compared to the control plants.

Scenario Prediction of China’s Natural Gas Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the Next Ten Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-587
Author(s):  
Chunzi Wang ◽  
◽  
Mingxiong Zhu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
Low Rate

Based on Johansen Cointegration Test, this paper sheds light on the long-run equilibrium relationship between natural gas consumption, gas production, and GDP in China. Three different natural gas demand scenarios of low, medium and high rates in the next ten years are considered, and a Neural Network Autoregression Model is used to predict the future carbon dioxide emission. We conclude: (1) In all three scenarios, the growth rates of natural gas consumption are all higher than those of natural gas production, while the gap between demand and domestic supply will gradually turn broader and China will largely rely on imports ; (2) In the scenario of low-rate economic growth, natural gas consumption will grow slowly, and it will be difficult to realize the carbon emission reduction targets by 2030 due to low-rate substitution of natural gas for coal; (3) If medium-rate to high-rate economic growth sustains, coupled with rapid increase in natural gas consumption and production, China’s Carbon Emission Reduction Targets for 2030 can be achieved with high-rate substitution of natural gas for coal.

China's Population Aging and New Urbanization

2016 ◽  
pp. 106-124
Author(s):  
Mingxing Chen ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Yinghua Gong
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
New Urbanization

In recent years, fast demographic transition, urbanizationand socio-economic development in China draws attention of the world. The reproduction type of Chinese population has changed from “high rate of birth, high rate of death, and low rate of natural growth” to “low rate of birth, low rate of death, and low rate of natural growth”, which promotes the population transition, bringing the problems of aging of population. In China, the scale of aged population is large, and its developing speed is fast. Along with the increasing of aged population in China, the advantage of labor quantity in China is challenged. China regards new urbanization as the important work content of state in the future for a long time, providing a large opportunity for the study in the field of urbanization. For China, new urbanization plan is just a beginning. The sustainable development of Chinese population and urbanization has important meaning in the world.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of benzolinone with IBA and fungicides on the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants, park, and fruit woody species

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Henselová
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
Allochthonous Species

  A study was made of the stimulating effect of benzolinone (3-benzyloxycarbonyl-methyl)-2-benzothiazolinone in powder form (P) and its mixture with indole butyric acid (IBA), the biofungicide Supresivit and fungicide Captan 50 WP on the root formation of 17 species of ornamental plants, park and fruit woody species. Under the action of benzolinone, the yield of rooted cuttings in the category of ornamental plants amounted to 44.5% (in the Dianthus sp.) up to 83.7% (in Rosa canina), in the category of park woody species it was from l6.7 (in Magnolia stellata) to 100% (in Forsythia intermedia). In fruit trees represented by two species, viz. Actinidia arguta and cherry rootstocks, the yield was between 20 and 86.7%, and in two allochthonous species Cotoneaster horizontalis and Philadelphus coronarius it was from 96.7 to 100% in rooted cuttings. In the case of herbaceous and semi-lignified cuttings, lower concentrations of benzolinone below 0.1% were more effective, while on the contrary, higher concentrations of 0.1–0.2% proved more effective with lignified cuttings. In the species with difficult root formation, such as Magnolia stellata, Viburnum farreri and Actinidia arguta, benzolinone demonstrably stimulated both the rhizogenesis, and thereby the overall yield of rooted cuttings, and the quality of the root system. In the case of the species with naturally high rooting ability, the positive effect of benzolinone was manifest mainly in the quality of the root system. The synergistic action of the above stimulants on root formation was achieved in two and three-component benzolinone mixtures with IBA and fungicides on the basis of the active ingredients captan and Trichoderma harzianum. The most evident stimulating effects on the rooting of cuttings in Dianthus sp., Ficus schlechteri and the deciduous species Acer saccharinum Pyramidale, Prunus padus Colorata and Prunus kurilensis Brilliant was obtained in three-component mixtures.

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