scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil in Wistar Rats Infected with Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Desy Cahya Widianingrum ◽  
Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Sod Activity

<p class="abstrak1">Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains bioactive that induce immunity against infectious diseases. This study aim to determine the immunomodulatory effects of VCO based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lymphocyte proliferation, and histopathological examination in liver and kidney of rats infected with <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em>. The VCO was given intragastrically to rats with a dose of 250 µL for one week. The rats were infected with <em>S. aureus</em> at 5x10<sup>2</sup> bacterial cells intraperitoneally. Twenty (20) female <em>Wistar</em> rats of one month old were divided into four groups. The negative control group (C-): without treatment, AV group: infected with <em>S. aureus</em> followed by VCO treatment; VA group: pretreated with VCO followed by <em>S. aureus </em>infection, and positive control group (C+): were infected with <em>S. aureus</em> without VCO. All rats were euthanized and necropsied based on the animal ethic standard. Plasma samples were taken to evaluate SOD activity, and lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen to determine their proliferative ability. Livers and kidneys were collected for a histopathology examination. Results showed that the VA group had the highest SOD activity on the 4<sup>th</sup> week (41.50 ± 3.56 %) and lymphocyte proliferation (0.3018) compared to all treatments, indicating immunomodulatory effects of VCO. Liver of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration, no hemorrhages (VA); the hepatocytes with normal cells (VA). Kidney of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration (AV); normal epithelial glomerulus and tubulus cells, still found hemorrhage (VA). These studies indicated that VCO has a potential role as an immunomodulator, hepatoprotectant, and nephroprotectant.</p>

scholarly journals Nephroprotective effect of virgin coconut oil in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected Balb/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafarinah Nur Hidayah Akil ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Puspa Wardhani ◽  
Priangga Adi Wiratama
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

AbstractMalaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by Plasmodium, which remains a world health problem with an estimated 219 million cases worldwide. In severe malaria infection, several organs of the body can be affected, including the kidneys. One of the pathophysiology associated with the worsening of this disease is oxidative stress. The use of antioxidants is expected to prevent this, and one product that has a high antioxidant content is virgin coconut oil (VCO). This study aimed to analyze the effect of VCO on the kidney in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice. This study was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design using 35 BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei ANKA, weighing 20-30 grams. VCO with the Javara® brand is used with doses of 1, 5, and 10 ml/kg body weight (kgBW)/ day. The parameter assessed were levels of BUN, creatinine, and renal histopathological changes. The administration of VCO on the treated group shows minimal tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis compared to the negative control group. The BUN and creatinine levels in the treated group were also lower than the negative control group. The results showed that VCO has a nephroprotective effect against P. berghei ANKA infection in mice.Keywords: malaria, kidney, virgin coconut oil

scholarly journals UJI PREKLINIS VIRGIN COCONUT OIL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR KOLESTEROL BAIK HDL, PENURUNAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA, PROFIL KIMIA ASAM LEMAK (C6-C18) DAN OMEGA-3 PADA SERUM DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Mus musculus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Sumaryati Syukur ◽  
Rina Dahlyanti ◽  
Titi Sumanti ◽  
Yulia Murni ◽  
Zoni Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Group I

 ABSTRACT The Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) products have different qualities and controversy effects of lipids metabolism. This research has been used one of VCO product that was produced by fermentation method using Lactobacillus sp. It has high amount of lauric acid (C12) up to 51 %, caprilic acid (C8) 8.9 %, capric acid (C10) 7 % include Omega-3, 6 and 9, vitamins A, D, E, K and three kinds of phytohormone. The ratio of Omega-3 and 6 was very proportional, therefore it is important to investigate the Pre Clinic Test of animal experiment. Pre Clinic Test of dietary VCO as food supplement has been determined by using 40 mice’s, which divided into 4 groups. Feeding on egg yolk to Group I (negative control), Group II (positive control) increased cholesterol level. The others were Group III (egg yolk and VCO 2 %) and group IV (egg yolk and VCO 4 %). It was determined the total of cholesterol, HDL at 10th, 20th and 30th day treated by using the enzymatic methods. The dietary of VCO 2-4 % resulted in significant increases in HDL levels from 32 % to 69 %. The dietary of VCO 4 % for four weeks did not toxic to mice metabolism. Triglycerides level decreased 50 % from 177 to 85 and similar resulted to cholesterol ratio. Feeding on VCO for 4 weeks, the SCFA and MCFA not detected in serum of mice. The LCFA (C16) palmitate in significant decreased from 0.96 to 0.1%. The significant level of Omega-3 increased more than three times in serum of mice dietary VCO 2-4 %.  Keywords: Coconut Oil, Lactobacillus

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON (ACTINOMYCES SP.) THAT CAUSES DENTAL BLACK STAIN IN CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Lavine ◽  
Eva Fauziah ◽  
Mochamad Fahlevi Rizal ◽  
Sarworini Bagio Budiardjo
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

 Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a natural antibacterial agent to reduce the viability of the chromogenic bacteria Actinomyces sp., which causes dental black stains.Methods: Actinomyces sp. was isolated from the saliva of a child diagnosed with black stain. Each streak of bacteria was cultured on a selective medium Actinomyces agar and confirmed visually and through a gram staining procedure. Each bacterial culture was exposed to VCO in concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Afterward, viability testing with a methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay was conducted, and the results were read using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader.Results: The reduction of bacterial viability of Actinomyces sp. showed a significant difference between the negative control group and the groups treated with various concentrations of VCO 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%.Conclusion: The minimum concentration of VCO necessary to kill Actinomyces sp. is VCO 12.5%.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF OZONATED VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON FULL THICKNESS SKIN DEFECT WOUND HEALING IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Herry Maha Putra Surbakti ◽  
Renny Yuniati ◽  
Djoko Handojo
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIntroduction: Wounds are a breakdown of tissue integrity / continuity that can lead to infection. Virgin Coconut Oil is a processed coconut product made by processing fresh coconut flesh at low temperature and has a high nutritional content. Ozone therapy is an alternative therapy that has disinfectant properties and can induce strong oxidative stress. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 Sprague-Dawley rats that had injuries. We performed full thickness wounds and administered ozonated doses of VCO to mice. We looked at shrinkage of wounds and TGF Beta levels in mice. Assessment was carried out on day 7 and day 14 to assess the wound and TGF-beta immunohistochemically. Results: There was a significant difference in the wound shrinkage variable between the negative control group and the group that received VCO offerings both on day 7 and day 14. We also found a significant difference in the TGF-beta variable between the negative control group and the group that received VCO offerings both on day 7 and day 14. Conclusion: The administration of ozonated virgin coconut oil was effective in increasing the expression of TGF-? in the full thickness defect of Sprague Dawley rats and was effective in increasing the reduction in wound size in the full thickness defect of Sprague Dawley rats.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on rats induced by doxorubicin

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sukirman Lie ◽  
Nyoman Ehrich Lister I ◽  
Edy Fachrial ◽  
Jenny
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells

Cardiotoxicity is caused by anticancer drugs, one of the anticancer drug is doxorubicin. doxorubicin triggered free radicals reaction in heart muscle cells this results in the death of heart muscle cells or cardiomyopathy, in this condition, the heart can't pump blood properly and caused heart failure, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has antioxidant such as polyphenol that can neutralize the free radicals formed by doxorubicin. The aimed of this research was to evaluate the activity of cardioprotective effect of VCO on rats by induced doxorubicin with accumulative dose of 15 mg/kgbw for 21 days, by administering a 5 mg/kgbw dose in a week, and for 21 days of the rats given doses 2 VCO ml, 4 ml and 6 ml subsequently conducted an examination of CK-MB and LDH in the blood. The result showed that the effect cardioprotective from VCO reduce the levels of serum CK-MB (Creatinin kinase – MB) and the LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) as the biomarker of heart. Group dose 6 ml showed the level of CK-MB 2110.37 ± 184,173 mg/dl and the level of LDH 2903.9 ± 70.0743 mg/dl and differ significantly (p < 0.05) with the negative control group induced doxorubicin. VCO is highly recommended to be food supplements for the patient used anti-cancer.

scholarly journals Multi Floral Honey Has a Protective Effect against Mammary Cancer Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in Sprague Dawley Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed R. Takruri ◽  
Maha S. Shomaf ◽  
Saida F. Shnaigat
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dark Light

This research was conducted to study the protective effect of bee honey on the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- induced breast cancer in rat model. The study consisted of three groups: honey group, positive control group (PC), and negative control group (NC) to which the carcinogen was not administered. All rats were fed the diet recommended by the American Institute of Nutrition for growing rats (AIN-93G), with addition of honey (50 g/kg diet) to the honey group. All Rats were fed their diets ad libitum on 12 hours dark/light cycle. At the age of 50 days all rats in the honey and PC groups were gavaged once by the carcinogen DMBA with a dose of 80 mg/kg body Wt. After three weeks of carcinogen administration, rats were palpated weekly to detect any tumor growth. After 18 weeks, all rats were sacrificed. The palpable structures and the mammary glands along with associated lymph nodes were removed and fixed in saline formalin and prepared for histopathological examination. The results revealed that the honey group diet significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence rate of mammary cancer, palpable tumor multiplicity, tumor size and weight compared to the PC group. In conclusion, multi floral honey has a protective effect against DMBA- induced mammary cancer in the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. However, further research is needed to reveal the mechanisms that might have contributed to the preventive effect of honey against mammary cancer.

scholarly journals Novel Preparation Technique of Hyperimmune Globulins against Bovine Coronavirus as Surrogate of Beta Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-343
Keyword(s):  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

Consuming time and effort to prepare hyperimmune globulins using Freund’s adjuvant is a sophisticated and harsh technique. In this work, a novel, safe, and rabid method was proposed using monolaurin as an immune-stimulating agent in hyperimmune globulins production against Bovine coronavirus (BCoV). The mentioned virus was used as a surrogate to family Betacoronavirus. Bovine coronavirus (Mabus strain) with titer log10 5.8 tissue culture infective dose infectivity (TCID50)/ml was used in this experiment. The inactivation of the virus was done using 1% ascorbic acid for 24h. Monolaurin emulsion (10% w/v) of was prepared by sonication using tween 20 and water. The inactivated bovine coronavirus was added to the emulsion by 20% of the final volume. The immunoglobulins were prepared by inoculating the inactivated virus with the adjuvant in rabbits and evaluated on the Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line by virus neutralization test (VNT). The effect of the adjuvant was assessed by histopathological examination of vital organs such as the kidney and liver. The antibody titer against the BCoV was reached its peak, log2 1024 TCID50/ml, at the 3rd-week post-inoculation in the rabbits. The level of the globulin reached a high level and its peak (14.3g/dL) at the end of the experiment. No abnormalities were seen in the livers and kidneys of the negative control group of rabbits. Monolaurin showed a new level of safety and efficacy when used as an adjuvant during the preparation of the immunoglobulins against BCoV.

scholarly journals Protective effect of crude polysaccharide from Pao-TianXiong derived from monkshood, against chronic renal failure in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Runyong Fan ◽  
Funeng Geng ◽  
Yongxiang Gao ◽  
Qinwan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crude Polysaccharide

Purpose: To investigate the effect of crude polysaccharide isolated from pao-tian-xiong on chronic renal failure in mice, and its monosaccharide composition. Methods: Male Kunming mice were orally treated with adenine (211.5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, followed by either crude polysaccharides (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg), or positive drug solution (jinguishenqi pill, 2000 mg/kg) for another 7 days (each group had 15 mice). Mice in normal and negative control groups were given saline. Mental and physical states, blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr), kidney morphological changes and organ indices were determined. Histopathological examination of spleen and kidney tissues was also performed. The monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharide was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Compared with negative control group, serum BUN (6.71 mmol/L vs. 8.61 mmol/L) and Cr (107.74 vs. 113.39 μmol/L) were significantly decreased by the crude polysaccharide isolate (p < 0.05), whereas epididymis index (0.2556 vs. 0.2135 %) and seminal vesicle index (0.5547 vs. 0.3945 %) were increased (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination showed that injuries to kidney, spleen, testis and epididymis decreased significantly. The crude polysaccharides contained mainly glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, mannose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid and xylose, and their contents ranged from 0.7 to 65 %. Conclusion: These results suggest that the crude polysaccharides of Pao-tian-xiong ameliorates CRF symptoms in mice, thereby providing experimental evidence in support of its use as an anti-CRF drug.

scholarly journals The Combination Effect of Simvastatin and Virgin Coconut Oil on Total Cholesterol Levels in Dislipidemic Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Lutfi Dewanda Nugroho ◽  
Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo ◽  
Jusak Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group I

Introduction: Simvastatin is a primary pharmacological therapy for dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia). Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a companion intake of statin drugs considered capable of lowering blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the combination effect of statin drug groups with VCO on total cholesterol.Methods: The stages of this study started with the adaptation process of animals, giving a high-fat diet (HFD), and treatment with simvastatin and VCO. The adaptation process was conducted where the experimental animals were fed pellets and drank clean water in a container. A HFD was given by mixing pork brains with distilled water with a ratio of 1:3 as much as 2 ml per day for 21 days. In simvastatin and VCO treatment for 7 days, the experimental animals were divided into 4 groups; group I was given aquades, group II was given VCO, group III was given simvastatin, and group IV was given simvastatin and VCO. The total cholesterol levels in the blood of albino rats were examined by employing a BS-300 Chemistry Analyzer through a spectrophotometric method. The total cholesterol levels data obtained were then examined for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and analyzed parametrically by utilizing One-way ANOVA.Results: The average total cholesterol level in the negative control group (being given a standard diet) was 45.57 mg/dL. The averages of blood total cholesterol levels were 47.28 mg/dL, 45.00 mg/dL, 46.85 mg/dL, 41.42 mg/dL, and 44.28 mg/dL in the positive control group (given an HFD), in the treatment group I, in the treatment group II, in the treatment group III, and in the treatment group IV, respectively. There were no significant distinctions in the statistical test on decreasing blood total cholesterol among the negative control group, positive controls I, II, III, and IV.Conclusion: Combination of simvastatin and VCO tends to reduce the total cholesterol level in albino rats. This is better than just giving VCO simvastatin alone.

scholarly journals IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT ARTEMISIA VULGARIS L. IN MALE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Marbun ◽  
Edy Suwarso ◽  
Yuandani Yuandani
Keyword(s):  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups

  Objective: This current study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris in male rats.Methods: Immunomodulatory activity was determined by measuring the carbon elimination rate, the total number of leukocytes and differential, as well as antibody titer. The treatment groups were divided into six groups, each group consisting of five male rats. The extract at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw was administered orally for 7 days. The carbon elimination was measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.Results: The ethanol extract of A. vulgaris at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight increased the carbon elimination and increased the number of total leukocytes and differential leukocytes, especially neutrophils and neutrophils rod segments as compared to the negative control group (CMC-Na 0.5%) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of A. vulgaris possesses immunomodulatory effect.

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