scholarly journals Security system of an electric motorcycle based on Gsm & Zigbee communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Arkoalo Palchaudhuri ◽  
C T Manimegalai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Wheeler

The time has come that people need to think about saving fuel seriously because burning too much of fuel can cause a large number of environmental pollutions. The concept of making the battery operated electric vehicle comes as a rescue. In one hand it helps to save fuels and on the other it helps in lowering the level of air pollution; which helps in improving the health condition of the populace. Even though several automobile manufacturers have introduced Hybrid Vehicles (hybrid vehicles generally utilize a traditional combustion engine and a fuel tank, as well as one or more electric motors and a battery pack).This paper is going to propose an electric motorcycle security system based on ARM microcontroller, 8051 microcontroller, ZigBee and GSM communication which can be utilized both in Hybrid motorcycles and Electric motorcycles. When the proposed security features will be merged with those vehicles it will be an evolutionary concept in the world of next generation two-wheeler industry because besides lowering the level of air pollution and helping in controlling the use of fuel it mainly helps people to drive motorcycles safely.

Energy management of electric and hybrid vehicles dependent on powertrain configuration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Varga
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Electric Machine ◽  
Range Extender

AbstractElectric and hybrid vehicles are going to become the most reliable source of transport for future years. The CO2 and NOx targets in Euro 6 normative puts the producers of vehicles in a dilemma, whether to adapt the internal combustion engines further, or to develop hybrid or electric power trains that are going to reach the pollution limit of the future norms or to go below that. Before acting a well-developed strategy in determining the optimum power flow has to be developed by producers; CRUISE software is a tool with the unique and special characteristics to determine the optimum in this highly important area.Whether electric vehicle, electric vehicle with range extender or a hybrid with CVT or planetary gearbox, the complexity of the mathematical modules remains the same, giving the developer the possibility to create complex functions and distinctive characteristics for each component of the vehicle.With such a powerful tool it becomes extremely easy to evaluate the energy flow in all directions, from electric machine to the battery, from electric machine to the power generator, and from the electric machine to the internal combustion engine. Applying to the (Electric Vehicle, Electric Vehicle with Range Extender, Hybrid vehicle with CVT, Hybrid vehicle with planetary gear set) the ECE-15 in a virtual environment (urban driving cycle) the simulation results show a different usage, rate of storage and efficiency concerning the energy, this being dependent of the power train configuration in most part.

Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Flow Area of Nano Coated Catalytic Converter

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
Nattan Ravichandiran ◽  
Ramalingam Senthil ◽  
Govindasamy Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
The World ◽  
The Wire

Now a days the global warming and air pollution are big issue in the world. The more amount of air pollution is due to emissions from an internal combustion engine. Catalytic converter plays a vital role in reducing harmful gases. In this study, the nanocoated catalytic converter efficiency was focused. The flow area of catalytic converter plays a vital role in the conversion of the harmful gases NOx, CO & UHC. The wire mesh coated with Alumina and Ti02 was the conversion medium. By varying the length of the wire mesh, the flow area was changed. The length of the wire mesh substrate was varied by 100mm, 150mm and 200mm. It was experimentally found that the increase in flow area reduces the exhaust emissions smoke, CO, HC and NOx.

scholarly journals Microcontroller Based Electronic Digital Lock with Security Notification

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Musa Baba Lawan ◽  
Ya’u Alhaji Samaila ◽  
Ibrahim Tijjani
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Device ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Alarm Sounds

Due to the advancement in science and technology all over the world, there is a significant increase in the rate of crime and sophistication in crimes; as a result, it is necessary to ensure the security of one’s self and one’s valuable belongings. The main goal of this paper is aimed at creating an electronic security system capable of detecting an intruder and reporting to security personnel. The design of the microcontroller based electronic digital lock with security notification uses a four-digit pass key for its operation. The operation involves opening the door, closing the door, changing of password and alarm upon wrong password entry. It is important for use in Bank Vaults, Hotels, Offices and can also be used in our homes. The research objectives were achieved with the use of microcontroller which programs the ATMEGA328P microprocessor and interfaces it with all the other components in the circuit. In the end, the circuit was able to activate the relay switches for opening and closing the door in about three seconds, and the alarm sounds when it detects a wrong password. Comparison was made between the conventional traditional lock system and the proposed one. The distinctive feature added is the sliding door, the security notification feature and the password modification in case of a breach in security. The design fulfills the requirements of supporting conventional lock systems eliminating the use of ordinary keys shared among occupants. To demonstrate and evaluate the design, a prototype was developed. As compared to other microcontroller based digital lock, it is easy and it required less hardware. It doesn’t need additional A/D and D/A converter. We can set the password and reset it without using external device and can be easily implemented. The evaluation shows that the design works well, consumes minimal power and is able to unlock a door.Atmega328p Microcontroller was used as the main component of the project.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Two-Wheeler Silencer Using Catalytic Convertor

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
M. Ganesh ◽  
A. Sriramarvind ◽  
P. K. Saran Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Wheeler

Air pollution is the biggest cause of environmental degradation in the world and it also cause health problems. The major source for these pollutions are industries & automobiles. In automobile pollutants can be reduced by using a catalytic converter the main aim of our project is fabricate the low cost catalytic converter for two wheeler. The emission contents namely NOx and HC are 90% reduced. From the public health point of view the is most important is Air pollution , because every individual person breathes approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 Kg of air daily. Polluted air causes physical ill effects and undesirable aesthetic and physiological effects. The main pollutants are contributed by automobiles which include carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. So it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve earth’s environment from degradation

scholarly journals PENGARUH MASA PAKAI DAN TINGKAT TRANSMISI TERHADAP KADAR EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA ASTREA GRAND

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Adi Sayoga
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Motor Cycle ◽  
The World

Recently reducing emissions of the harmful gases that generated in the combustion process of the automobile and other internal combustion engine is absolutely essential to environmental preservation. These emissions pollute the environment and contribute to the global warming, acid rain, smog, odours, and respiratory and other health problems. Therefore many countries around the world are taking major efforts to toughen emission standards. Motor cycles, the lagers amount, contributed the major air pollution in Indonesia. The hamful gases that generated in the motor cycles especially CO, HC and NOx . As the motor cycles is getting older, many components in the combustion system are getting worst and contribute more hamfull emissions. This research was done on July 2001 to find out the emissions and was done on Honda Astrea Grand which have been used since 1995, 1996 dan 1997 on the variety of gear level. A multigas analyser was used to analyse the emission gas out form the tile pipe. The result shows that the maximum CO and HC emission are generated by all motor cycle on the first gear. The higerst CO and HC emission is generated by the olderst motor cycle (1995) and the minimum CO and HC emission is generated by the motor cycle that has been used since 1997.

scholarly journals Environmental issues on covid-19 medical waste: review from policy perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012108
Author(s):  
R A Nugroho ◽  
A W Kumar ◽  
A T Kartinawanty ◽  
S G Prakoso ◽  
K Setyowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Work Limitations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Sides

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic brings two sides to the environment. On one side, it reduces air pollution due to travel and work limitations but on the other hand, medical waste increases. This contradictory situation on the environment has been studied by research all around the world. This study is trying to map the concern of experts on environmental issues during Covid-19. This paper conducts a systematic literature review from prominent databases to portray the environmental issues that emerged during the Covid-19 Pandemic from a policy perspective. Unique keywords that combine environment, covid-19, and policy filtered the literature available in the research database. No less than 152 literature were collected and extracted using PRISMA approach. The result indicates very limited policy issued by the government to protect the environment for the post-covid era.

HBV Burden on Population, a Comparative Study between Two Districts Mardan and Charsadda of KPK, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 20269-20274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Ali Shah ◽  
Faheem Anwar ◽  
Ihtesham Ul Haq ◽  
Yasir Anwar ◽  
Faizan Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World

The purpose of this study is to check out the spread rate of Hepatitis B Virus in the districts of Mardan and Charsadda, KPK Pakistan. As we know that Hepatitis results in damaging liver tissues, so it is one of the serious threats to the human health across the world. Hepatitis can give rise to acute and chronic infection which give rise to Liver cancer or Liver cirrhosis. It may be transfer from one person to another. Its transmission routs are oral, fecal and parental. The purpose of this paper is to check and judge health condition. Blood serum was collected from Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan and District Head Quarter, Charsadda. The paper was design to calculate anti-HBV antibody positive patients with ICT(immune-chromatography technique)based detection among various patients in MMC Mardan and DHQ hospital Charsada and from various regions of Mardan and Charsadda, KPK Pakistan.  Total of 10852 patients of HBV in Charsadda and 14168 patients of HBV in Mardan. The blood samples were collected from Oct 2017 to May 2018 from both districts of KPK. The method for testing blood sample was ICT (immune chromatography technique). Our study about 10852 patients in district Charsadda who were at the risk of HBV infection, 103 were screened positive with the prevalence ratio of 0.949%. On the other hand, 14168 patients`s samples were collected in district Mardan, among them 149 were detected positive and ratio of prevalence is 1.051%. According to the above study the ratio of prevalence is lower in Charsadda as compare to Mardan

Impact of Motor Size & Efficiency on Acceleration, Fuel Consumption & Emissions of Split-Axle Through-the-Road Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful A. Zulkifli ◽  
Syaifuddin Mohd ◽  
Nordin B. Saad ◽  
A. Rashid A. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Improved Performance

A split-axle parallel hybrid drive-train with in-wheel motors allows for existing combustion-engine-driven vehicles to be converted into a hybrid vehicle with minor mechanical modification, resulting in a retrofit-conversion hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). This is achieved by placing electric motors in the hub of the otherwise non-driven wheels. Due to the wheel hub’s size constraint, the allowable size and power of the electric in-wheel motor that can be installed is severely restricted to less than 10 kW per wheel, which raises the concern of lack of improved performance compared to the original vehicle. This work analyzes the influence of motor sizing and efficiency on acceleration performance, fuel consumption and emission levels of three different converted hybrid vehicles, through simulation. Results provide insight into sensitivity of different-sized vehicles with varying-size engines, to the size and efficiency of the retrofitted electric motor.

Indian electric-vehicle plan to boost shared mobility

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Subject India's new electric vehicle promotion plan. Significance India has implemented a new policy to support electromobility by 2030 based on a 1.4-billion-dollar incentive package primarily comprising subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles (EVs). The policy targets low-cost electric mobility options such as two- and three-wheeled vehicles and public transport. This contrasts with the global focus on electrifying passenger cars, as rates of private vehicle ownership rise in developing countries. Impacts The success of the policy hinges on the scale of charging infrastructure or the facilitation of alternatives such as swappable batteries. Sales of internal combustion engine vehicles in the two-wheeler segment will face growing competition from EVs. India could leapfrog to shared electric mobility if the policy is successfully implemented.

Implementation of automatic manual transmission for a two wheeler

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110265
Author(s):  
Keshav Alias Deepesh Ramesh Shetkar ◽  
Tejas Sadanand Pethker ◽  
Saurabh Shrikant Savant ◽  
Nilabh Rajendraprasad Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Actuation Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
Starting Torque

The concept of Automatic Manual Transmission (AMT) is picking up speed in India after the launch of the Maruti Suzuki Celerio. But very few of the two-wheeler manufacturers in the world have tried to implement the AMT concept in a motorcycle. There are gearless motorcycles available which use a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) and a Centrifugal clutch, but this setup is very inefficient compared to a positive gear drivetrain. Thus these gearless motorcycles get low mileage and are also more expensive to manufacture. Geared motorcycles, on the other hand, have better starting torque, greater mileage and a higher span of gear ratios. They are also cheaper, but the average buyer is discouraged by the complexity of the operation. Even those familiar with riding a motorcycle do not shift optimally to obtain the best mileage/performance. The aim of this paper is to present an innovative AMT system developed and implemented on a manual geared motorcycle having a sequential constant-mesh gearbox with a multi-plate clutch. This was carried out by interfacing the manual gear shifting motorcycle with a microcontroller and using an electronic actuation mechanism to make it an automatic gear shifting motorcycle. The significant steps of this project would involve the sensor readouts of the parameters necessary, the actuation of the controls and, most importantly, the algorithm for the optimal shift points for a given motorcycle. These would be obtained experimentally and using the manufacturer data, if available. This AMT setup has been successfully developed and implemented. This setup can then be applied to any geared motorcycle with minimal structural changes without any modification to its existing gearbox. This converts the manual geared motorcycle into the automatic gear shifting motorcycle having better fuel economy and lower maintenance costs as compared to the conventional CVT motorcycles.

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