Influence of Natural Fibers on the Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt for the Wearing Course of Pavement

Cracking in the flexible pavement is a serious problem that reduces the service life of the roads pavement unless they are treated with great care. Since flexible pavement is very weaker in tension than in compression, it is usually necessary to consider the tensile stresses and some type of additives to improve asphaltpavement performance, and one of the most effective ways of improving asphalt pavement performance is to reinforce asphalt mixtures by incorporating natural fibers. The main objective of this study is to use palm fiber, which is locally available, in hot mix asphalt mixtures. To achieve this objective, the Marshall test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted on four asphalt mixtures with different types of natural fibers (Coconut, Corn, Palm, and Sisal), added in varying percentages 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% and different lengths of fiber 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 cm. Based on the analyzed results, it can be concluded that the use of palm fiber increased the Marshall stability by 20% as compared with the conventional mixture and raised up the retained tensile strength ratio up to 92%. Finally, the use of 0.2% content of natural fiber at 1.5 cm length gave a better performance for the mixtures.

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Evaluations of Nano-Sized Hydrated Lime on the Moisture Susceptibility of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.82 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 174-177 ◽

pp. 82-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ju Nan Shen ◽

Zhao Xing Xie ◽

Fei Peng Xiao ◽

Wen Zhong Fan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Moisture Resistance ◽

Strength Ratio ◽

Moisture Susceptibility ◽

Indirect Tensile

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-sized hydrated lime on the moisture susceptibility of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures in terms of three methodologies to introduce into the mixtures. The experimental design for this study included the utilizations of one binder source (PG 64-22), three aggregate sources and three different methods introducing the lime. A total of 12 types of HMA mixtures and 72 specimens were fabricated and tested in this study. The performed properties include indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), flow, and toughness. The results indicated that the nano-sized lime exhibits better moisture resistance. Introducing process of the nano-sized lime will produce difference in moisture susceptibility.

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Laboratory Evaluation of the Use of Florida Washed Shell in Open-Graded Asphalt Mixtures

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14227060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7060

Author(s):

Mohammad Alharthai ◽

Qing Lu ◽

Ahmed Elnihum ◽

Asad Elmagarhe

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Void Content ◽

Coarse Aggregates ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Marshall Stability

This study investigates the substitution of conventional aggregate with a Florida washed shell in open-graded asphalt mixtures and evaluates the optimal substitution percentage in aggregate gradations of various nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMASs) (i.e., 4.75, 9.5, and 12.5 mm). Laboratory experiments were performed on open-graded asphalt mixture specimens with the coarse aggregate of sizes between 2.36 and 12.5 mm being replaced by the Florida washed shell at various percentages (0, 15, 30, 45, and 100%). Specimen properties relevant to the performance of open-graded asphalt mixtures in the field were tested, evaluated, and compared. Specifically, a Marshall stability test, Cantabro test, indirect tensile strength test, air void content test, and permeability test were conducted to evaluate the strength, resistance to raveling, cracking resistance, void content, and permeability of open-graded asphalt mixtures. The results show that there is no significant difference in the Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength when the coarse aggregates are replaced with Florida washed shell. This study also found that the optimum percentages of Florida washed shell in open-graded asphalt mixture were 15, 30, and 45% for 12.5, 9.5, and 4.75 mm NMAS gradations, respectively.

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EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTE MARBLE DUST AS A MINERAL FILLER IN HOT-MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE

Journal of Civil Engineering Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/jcest.3337.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Levy Sang ◽

Temitope Idowu ◽

Victoria Okumu

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Mineral Filler ◽

Marble Dust ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Expanding Population ◽

Marshall Stability

As the construction industry continues to evolve globally, there is a need to develop best practices geared towards achieving sustainable construction. Asphalt concrete’s demand has been increasing steadily with an estimated global demand of 122.5 million tons in 2019. This is driven primarily by the growth in construction activities in developing countries as each country works towards enhancing its transportation facilities to cater to the ever-expanding population. Hence, there are needs to develop newer and more efficient means of asphalt consumption. One of such is identifying cheaper or waste materials for use in Asphalt production. This study, therefore, examined the viability of waste marble dust (WMD), an industrial waste produced during the shaping and polishing of marble blocks and also during its extraction from the mines, as a mineral filler in Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) concrete. Engineering properties such as Marshall stability and flow, Void characteristics, Indirect tensile strength and Tensile strength ratio properties were examined. It was observed that the addition of WMD steadily increased the Marshall Stability and indirect tensile strength values and lowered the voids percentages. The study’s major finding is that waste marble dust is highly suitable as a mineral filler in HMA and a 3% by volume addition of WMD in HMA at 4.5% binder content produced the most optimal mix for use in road pavements.

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Effect of Modified Asphalt Cement of the Performance of Stone Matrix Mixtures

Engineering and Technology Journal ◽

10.30684/etj.v38i5a.489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (5A) ◽

pp. 789-800

Author(s):

Duaa A. Khalaf ◽

Zaynab I. Qasim ◽

Karim H. Al Helo

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Fracture Resistance ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Cement ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Marshall Stability ◽

Stone Matrix

This research investigates the behavior of Stone Matrix Asphalt mixtures (SMA) modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer at four percentages (1, 2, 3 and 4%) by weight of asphalt cement. The moisture susceptibility and rutting were taken into consideration in this study. To achieve the objective of this research the superpave system is conducted to design the asphalt mixtures. The physical properties of aggregate, bitumen and other mix materials were assessed and evaluated with the laboratory tests. The mixtures were prepared using penetration Graded (40-50) bitumen and a chemical named Polypropylene Fibers was used as a stabilizing additive. Fibers have been used in SMA mixtures for two main reasons: To increase the toughness and fracture resistance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) and to act as a stabilizer to prevent drain down of the asphalt binder. The laboratory tests include indirect tensile strength test, Marshall stability and retained Marshall Stability test (RMS). For rutting test the Roller wheel compactor is used for preparing the asphaltic samples and Wheel tracking device is used to evaluate the rutting of asphaltic slabs. The results showed that the SBS polymer asphalt mixture gave better moisture sensitivity and better fracture resistance according to the study.It is noted that indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) increases by 93.1 % and the rut depth decreases by 32.5 % when adding 3% SBS polymer to SMA.

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Effects of Crushed Glass Waste as a Fine Aggregate on Properties of Hot Asphalt Mixture

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.25130/tjes.28.3.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 129-145

Author(s):

Ahmed Almuhmdi ◽

 Abdulbasit Muhmood ◽

Abdulhakim Salih

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Glass Waste ◽

Air Voids ◽

Binder Layer ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Marshall Stability

The recycling of waste requires large areas; besides recycling wastes to their origin is often economically and environmentally costly. Glass is considered as a solid waste that is difficult to dispose of; it doesn't degrade nor burn. Since glass is a silicic substance with similar properties to aggregates, it can be recycled in asphalt mixtures. This research aims to determine optimum binder content (OBC) of conventional hot asphalt mixture (HMA), (control mixture), and investigate the effect of crushed glass waste (CGW), on its properties. In this work, several percentages of CGW (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) have been used as a partial substitution for the weight of fraction size 2.36-0.075mm of natural aggregate to prepare glass-contained asphalt mixtures and compare their properties with the control mixture. Mix design by Marshall method was used, and the properties according to Iraqi standards (SORB/R9,2003), for binder layer, were found, as well as conducting of Retained Marshall stability (RMS), indirect tensile strength (IDT), and tensile strength ratio (TSR), tests on mixtures, as performance tests. The results showed that the OBC of the control mixture was 5% wt., and the Marshall stability and flow values of glass-contained asphalt mixtures were oscillating around the values of the control mixture. The air voids, voids in mineral aggregate, and bulk density were reduced regularly as CGW increased. Also, it was observed from the results that the glass-contained mixtures have good performance properties. However, all results conformed to the standards (SORB/R9, 2003). So, the incorporation of CGW in HMA for the binder layer is feasible.

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Laboratory Evaluation of the Properties of Asphalt Mixture with Wood Ash Filler

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14030575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 575

Author(s):

Sanja Dimter ◽

Miroslav Šimun ◽

Martina Zagvozda ◽

Tatjana Rukavina

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Road Construction ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

The Road ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Marshall Stability

Today, the road construction profession is more than ever facing limited and increasingly expensive resources for component materials of asphalt mixtures, which has also led to the need for continuous research on the use of waste materials. One such potentially usable waste material is ash obtained by the combustion of wood biomass that is used to produce heat and electricity. The goal of this paper is to ascertain the possibility of using wood ash (WA) as the filler in asphalt concrete mixtures for the base-wearing layers of a pavement. The properties of Marshall stability (MS), quotient (MQ) and deformations, and the indirect tensile strength of water-conditioned samples and dry samples were tested on asphalt samples of an AC16 surf mixture with different contents of wood ash as the filler. The obtained values of MS and MQ indicate that a 50% content of bio ash in the filler results in an increase in asphalt’s resistance to the appearance of plastic deformations and greater tensile strength and in good asphalt resistance to the action of water.

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Characterization of a new natural fiber extracted from Corypha taliera fruit

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87128-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taslima Ahmed Tamanna ◽

Shah Alimuzzaman Belal ◽

Mohammad Abul Hasan Shibly ◽

Ayub Nabi Khan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Synthetic Fiber ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Reinforced Composite ◽

Potential Alternative

AbstractThis study deals with the determination of new natural fibers extracted from the Corypha taliera fruit (CTF) and its characteristics were reported for the potential alternative of harmful synthetic fiber. The physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics were investigated for CTF fibers. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition characterization ensured a higher amount of cellulose (55.1 wt%) content and crystallinity (62.5%) in the CTF fiber. The FTIR analysis ensured the different functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the fiber. The Scherrer’s equation was used to determine crystallite size 1.45 nm. The mean diameter, specific density, and linear density of the CTF fiber were found (average) 131 μm, 0.86 g/cc, and 43 Tex, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was obtained 53.55 MPa for GL 20 mm and Young’s modulus 572.21 MPa for GL 30 mm. The required energy at break was recorded during the tensile strength experiment from the tensile strength tester and the average values for GL 20 mm and GL 30 mm are 0.05381 J and 0.08968 J, respectively. The thermal analysis ensured the thermal sustainability of CTF fiber up to 230 °C. Entirely the aforementioned outcomes ensured that the new CTF fiber is the expected reinforcement to the fiber-reinforced composite materials.

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ALTERNATIF PENGGUNAAN SERAT ECENG GONDOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN INDEX PROPERTIES OF MARSHALL PADA CAMPURAN LASTON TIPE I SNI 03-1737-1989

UKaRsT ◽

10.30737/ukarst.v2i1.260 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Dwi Kartikasari ◽

Samsul Arif

Keyword(s):

Water Hyacinth ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Flexible Pavement ◽

Type I ◽

The Road ◽

Concrete Layer ◽

Marshall Test ◽

Marshall Stability ◽

Water Hyacinth Fiber

However, flexible pavement has many disadvantages, such as early damage to the road surface after some time has passed by traffic so the road cannot reach the planned age. For this reason, a research was carried out to add hot asphalt mixture which aims to improve the quality of the mixture, the selected material is natural water hyacinth. The method used is trial and error with reference SNI 031737-1989. Variations used were 3%, 5%, and 7% of asphalt weight, the level of asphalt used was 4.48%. Of the 3 variations of the mixture used in Type I Asphalt Concrete Layer, the results obtained that the water hyacinth fiber content that has the best score and meet the specifications of SNI 03-1737- 1989 is the percentage of 7% obtained. from the calculation data using graphs and regression models where Marshall Stability is 889.73 Kg, VFWA (voids filled with asphalt) are equal to 65.97%, VIM (voids in mixtures) are equal to 1.757%, VMA (voids in mineral aggregates ) is equal to 20.30%, density 2.420 gr / cc, Flow 3.37 mm, and Marshall Quotient of 265.80 Kg / mm.Keywords : flexible pavement, water hyacinth fiber, Marshall test.

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Karakteristik Marshall Pada Campuran Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC) Dengan Penambahan Styrofoam

Forum Mekanika ◽

10.33322/forummekanika.v8i2.653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

Ika Sulianti ◽

Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽

Agus Subrianto ◽

Adelia Monita ◽

Medici Medici

Keyword(s):

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Flexible Pavement ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Concrete Mixture ◽

Pavement Performance ◽

Food Container ◽

Optimum Stability ◽

Marshall Test

Styrofoam waste presents the environment issue because it is difficult to decompose. As an effort to recycle this pollutant, styrofoam can be utilized as an additive in asphalt concrete mixture. The use of additives aims to create a flexible pavement layer having good performance and meet the requirements. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the addition of styrofoam can improve the quality of asphalt mixtures, and look for alternative additives that can increase asphalt pavement performance. In this study, researchers used food container styrofoam as an addition and incorforated into Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture. The styrofoam content was 6.5%; 6.75%; 7% ; 7.25%; and 7.5% of asphalt weight. The optimum asphalt contentused is 5.5%. The value of the optimum stability was 3126,002 kg, found at 7.25% of styrofoam content. The best results of Marshall test was obtained at 6.5% of styrofoam content with stability value 1362,045 kg, VIM value 4,96%, VMA 15,025%, VFA 67,800%, flow 3,44 mm, and MQ 416,338 kg / mm.

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Karakterisasi Mekanik Komposit Matriks Polipropilena High Impact Dengan Serat Alam Acak Dengan Metode Hand Lay Up Untuk Komponen Automotive

Jurnal Rekayasa Hijau ◽

10.26760/jrh.v3i3.3434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Alfan Ekajati Latief ◽

Nuha Desi Anggraeni ◽

Dedy Hernady

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Mesh Size ◽

High Impact ◽

Hemp Fiber ◽

Polypropylene Matrix ◽

The Impact ◽

Pineapple Leaves

ABSTRAK Serat alam yang berfungsi sebagai penguat memiliki sifat yang lebih ringan, mudah dibentuk, tahan korosi, harga murah dan memiliki kekuatan yang sama dengan material logam. Serat bahan alami yang memiliki kekuatan tarik, tekan dan impak yang baik diantaranya serat rami dan daun nanas. Untuk matriks Polipropilena high impact (PPHI) yang banyak digunakan dalam industri otomotif.. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh fraksi volume serat alami terhadap sifat mekanik komposit PPHI berpenguat serat alami. Komposit PPHI dibuat dengan menggunakan metode Hand Lay Up pada temperatur 2500C dengan fraksi volume serat alami sebesar 10%, dimana serat dibuat digunting halus hingga memiliki ukuran mesh 120/170, 170/200 dan dibawah 200 mesh, Kekuatan tarik komposit diukur dengan mengacu pada standar ASTM 3039, kekuatan tekan diukur mengacu pada ASTM D 695. Harga Impak dari komposit diukur dengan mengacu pada ASTM D 6110-04. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, fraksi volume 10 % serat alami yang baik ketika dicampur dengan matriks polipropilena high impact adalah serat nanas dengan meshing 170/200 dapat meningkatkan kekuatan tarik PPHI sebesar 40 % dan meningkatkan harga impak PPHI sebesar 50,8 % jika dilihat penelitan sebelumnya yakni menggunakan serat rami dibawah mesh 1200 dengan matriks PPHI. Kata Kunci: Rami, Daun Nanas, Polipropilena High Impact, Hand Lay Up. ABSTRACT Natural fibers that function as reinforcement have lighter properties, are easily formed, are corrosion resistant, are cheap and have the same strength as metal materials. Natural fiber which has good tensile, compressive and impact strength including Ramie and pineapple leaves. For high impact polypropylene matrix (PPHI) which is widely used in the automotive industry. In this study the effect of volume fraction of natural fibers on the mechanical properties of PPHI composites with natural fiber reinforced properties was studied. PPHI composites are made using the Hand Lay Up method at a temperature of 2500C with a volume fraction of natural fibers of 10%, where fibers are made finely shaved to have a mesh size of 120/170, 170/200 and below 200 mesh, the tensile strength of the composite is measured by reference to the standard ASTM 3039, compressive strength measured refers to ASTM D 695. The impact price of the composite is measured with reference to ASTM D 6110-04. In this study it can be concluded, a good volume fraction of 10% natural fiber when mixed with high impact polypropylene matrix is pineapple fiber with meshing 170/200 can increase the tensile strength of PPHI by 40% and increase the impact price of PPHI by 50.8% if seen by research previously that used hemp fiber under mesh 1200 with PPHI matrix. Keywords: Ramie Pineapple, High Impact Polypropylene, Hand Lay Up.

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