THE ANALYSIS IS FOR THE DESIGN OF DIFFERENT CLUB FACE’S THICKNESSES OF FAIRWAY WOOD TO THE CHARACTERISTIC TIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Kueipin Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Club Head ◽  
Practical Measurement

Background: The main factors to influence on the stroking performance of club head are alloy and spring-like effect. Design the structure of new club face to create the fairway wood which can show best stroking feeling and let driving distance become longer. Purpose: The club face of fairway wood is processed through the iron alloy heating procedure and CNC to innovate the club head with high spring-like effect (characteristic time). Method: (1) Use 455 stainless steel processed by heating and aging treatment, to do the analysis on microstructure and mechanical properties. (2) Through CNC to design seven different patterns for the back of club face, each pattern for three club head. The total amount is twenty-one. (3) Make finished product be test the characteristic time and the ability of strike by the practical measurement. (4) To analyze after the compare between three-way ANOVA and LSD. Results: After 455 stainless steel was heated in procedure S850℃-A550℃, mechanical properties became superior and had the better malleability, it is suitable for developing the club face of high spring-like effect. Before and after grinding among three-way ANOVA (pattern*thickness*place), did not achieve the significant level on the figure of characteristic time. Through two-way ANOVA (pattern*place and thickness*place), showed the significant deviation before and after grinding. After doing the crash test by 45m/s, all the results can reach the higher limited standard. Summary: 455 stainless steel was designed with the different club face’s thicknesses of fairway wood can make spring-like effect achieve high characteristic time. The much thinner club face let the characteristic time perform highly. But there was no obvious effects from the patterns of the back club face.

Experimental Investigation of Hydrogen Effect on Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Jianming Gong ◽  
Jianqun Tang ◽  
Luyang Geng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Effect ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactor ◽  
Purified Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Longitudinal Cracks

Hydrogenation reactor is one of the key equipments in the production process of purified terephthalic acid (PTA). The safe and reliable operation of hydrogenation reactor decides the safety of PTA installation. Service experience has shown that some longitudinal cracks occurred on the internal wall of the 304L stainless steel (SS) hydrogen nozzle. In this paper, a series of electrochemical hydrogen charging tests were carried out for 304L stainless steel at the ambient temperature. The comparison on mechanical properties was investigated before and after hydrogen charging in order to investigate the effect of mechanical properties of 304L SS. Fractography was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the mechanical strength of 304L SS was not basically lost after hydrogen charging, but the ductility reduced in a certain extent. The fractography also showed the hydrogen embrittlement effect on the fracture.

scholarly journals Correlations of Geometry and Infill Degree of Extrusion Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Components

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5173
Author(s):  
Tobias Rosnitschek ◽  
Andressa Seefeldt ◽  
Bettina Alber-Laukant ◽  
Thomas Neumeyer ◽  
Volker Altstädt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metal Extrusion

This study focuses on the effect of part geometry and infill degrees on effective mechanical properties of extrusion additively manufactured stainless steel 316L parts produced with BASF’s Ultrafuse 316LX filament. Knowledge about correlations between infill degrees, mechanical properties and dimensional deviations are essential to enhance the part performance and further establish efficient methods for the product development for lightweight metal engineering applications. To investigate the effective Young’s modulus, yield strength and bending stress, standard testing methods for tensile testing and bending testing were used. For evaluating the dimensional accuracy, the tensile and bending specimens were measured before and after sintering to analyze anisotropic shrinkage effects and dimensional deviations linked to the infill structure. The results showed that dimensions larger than 10 mm have minor geometrical deviations and that the effective Young’s modulus varied in the range of 176%. These findings provide a more profound understanding of the process and its capabilities and enhance the product development process for metal extrusion-based additive manufacturing.

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Ni Films on 430 Stainless Steel Substrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-861
Author(s):  
Yong Pan ◽  
Junwei Cui ◽  
Weixin Lei ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Zengsheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Texture Orientation

AbstractEffects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ni films on 430 stainless steel substrate were investigated. The Ni films were annealed at heat treatment temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 800 °C for 2 h. The surface morphology, composition, and texture orientation of Ni films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The load–indentation depth curves of Ni films before and after heat treatment were measured by using nanoindentation method. In conjunction with finite element modeling and dimensional analysis, the stress–strain relationships of Ni films on 430 stainless steel substrate at different temperatures are successfully obtained by using a power-law hardening model.

Research on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steels of Intergranular Corrosion

2012 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
Guo Sheng Cai ◽  
Du Xiong Wang ◽  
Rong Fa Chen ◽  
Long Wu ◽  
Yi Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metallurgical Structure ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

In the paper, the steel intergranular corrosion of 304 stainless steels was studied in detail with the method of copper sulfate. The macro morphology, mechanical property and metallurgical structure were also discussed by contrast of before and after corrosion. The results indicated that many trans-crystalline cracks and micro cracks were found on the surface of stainless steel. The max bending force was decreased from 7.225KN to 4.926KN; the deposited carbide was seen on corroded grain boundary with the dropping of grain. The conclusions are important to analysis of surface corrosion of stainless steel.

scholarly journals Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Crofer 22 APU Ferritic Stainless Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stygar ◽  
E. Durda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Film Adhesion ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The objective of this work was to expand the knowledge on mechanical properties of the oxidized Crofer 22 APU Ferritic Stainless Steel. To examine adhesion of oxide scale formed on steel the scratch test was performed. Scratch test as an appropriate method for qualitative evaluation of the film adhesion to substrate has been used in many studies. Scratch properties were investigated before and after oxidation at 800°C for 500 hours in laboratory air.

The Improvement of Modified Filler on the Anti-Aging Properties of Conductive Silicone Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Xue Yong Zhang ◽  
Zhao Yang Fu ◽  
Peng Yu Wang ◽  
Wang Xian Quan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Conductive Silicone Rubber

As we know that ceria (CeO2), alumina (Al2O3), aluminum (Al) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) can improve the anti-aging properties of the rubber, mixed these materials with carbon black and filling conductive silicone rubber, some samples have been prepared. Have described the anti-aging method of the silicone rubber and discussed the test method of the changes in properties after aging. Have tested the changes of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity before and after the air aging test of the conductive silicone rubber which with or without addition of modified material. Have discussed the reasons why modified materials can improve the anti-aging performance of the conductive silicon rubber. The results show that with the addition of these types of nanomaterials the stability of mechanical and electrical properties of the conductive silicone rubber can be improved before or after aging treatment.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of SKLB3 Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Dong Mei Liu ◽  
Qiang Song Wang ◽  
Guo Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forging Cu-Ni alloy was studied. Specimens of hot forged Cu-Ni alloy were subjected to first solution treated at 900oC for 2hrs and then aged at different temperatures for 2hrs. The mechanical properties including tensile performance and impact energy, and the microstructure were measured for specimens before and after heat treatment. The results show that both solution and aging treatment have an influence on the grain growth. After heat treatment, the tensile strength decreases very slightly but the yield strength decreases seriously from 235.96MPa to 136.12MPa, while the elongation increases sharply from 36% to 48%. It was also observed that hardness values of the heat-treated alloys are all lower than that of the hot forged alloy. The measurement of Charpy impact energy with V-type notch was performed at 298K and 77K for different specimens. At both temperatures, the impact energies of the specimens are higher than 200J. The microstructure results show that at both temperatures, the alloys are fractured in a ductile mode.

scholarly journals The Effect of Niobium Addition on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of a Medical Grade SS316L

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Jujur ◽  
Sri Endah Susilowati ◽  
Seto Roseno ◽  
Agus Hadi Santosa Wargadipura
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Grade

To improve mechanical properties, especially elongation, of as-cast medical grade 316L stainless steel, niobium (Nb) was introduced into the alloys, followed by solution heat treatment. Alloying was performed using a 250 kg air induction melting furnace with duplex raw materials and ferronickel. Heat treatment using a solution at 1040 oC, with a holding time of 45 minutes, and water quenching was used. The sample was tested using hardness and ultimate tensile machines. Corrosion tests with simulated body fluids were carried out using media with similar corrosion conditions to human blood. Microstructure observations were performed optically. The results show that the addition of Nb increases the hardness of medical grade 316L stainless steel by 6% compared to the unalloyed steel, both before and after heat treatment. The addition of Nb increases the tensile strength by 8% compared to non-heat treated steel and increases the elongation before and after heat treatment by 8% and 5%, respectively. However, the corrosion rate of the material with Nb is higher than without the addition of Nb. Nb as a carbide former improves the mechanical properties of medical grade 316L stainless steel but adversely affects its corrosion resistance

scholarly journals Influence of Aging Treatment on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of a Hot Deformed UNS S32750 Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) Alloy

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru ◽  
Doina Raducanu ◽  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Ion Cinca ◽  
Adrian Nicolae Vintila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Isothermal Aging ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Super Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Δ Phase ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

In this present study, the influence of isothermal aging temperature and duration on microstructural and mechanical properties of a hot-deformed UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) alloy was investigated by SEM-EBSD (scanning electron microscopy-electron backscatter diffraction) and tensile testing techniques. An isothermal aging treatment, at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C and treatment duration between 3 and 120 h, was applied to a commercial UNS S32750 SDSS alloy. Microstructural characteristics of all thermomechanical (TM) processed states, such as distribution and morphology of constituent phases, grain’s modal orientation (MO), and obtained mechanical properties were analysed correlated with the TM processing conditions. The obtained experimental results show that the constituent phases, in all TM processed states, are represented by elongated γ-phase grains within the δ-phase matrix. The R-phase was observed in the case of aging treatment performed at 600 °C for 120 h. Within the δ-phase matrix, dynamically recrystallized grains were identified as a result of applying hot deformation and isothermal aging treatments. Also, it was observed that aging treatment parameters can significantly influence the mechanical behaviour exhibited by the UNS S32750 SDSS alloy, in terms of elongation to fracture and absorbed energy during impact testing.

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