scholarly journals Pengembangan klon Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg.) unggulan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Hamdan Adma Adinugraha ◽  
Dedi Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Clonal Test

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is one of multipurpose tree species that their  wood, bark, fruit and leaves can be utilized for human life. The main product of breadfruit is its fruit as one of the potential food sources that has a fairly high nutrient content and is widely consumed as an additional food and even traditional staple foods such as in some countries the Pacific region. The challenge in developing breadfruit as an alternative food source for the community is to prepare the plant material of superior breadfruit clones which have high fruit production and have enough nutrients and chemicals as a source of food and medicinal ingredients. Based on the clones selection at the clonal test plantation in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta obtained 5 excellent breadfruit populations representing breadfruit cultivars in Indonesia, namely Cilacap, Yogyakarta, Bali island, Bone  and Manokwari. To ensure the availability of seedlings of superior breadfruit clones, the development of planting stocks production techniques is carried out by root cuttings, shoot cuttings and stem cuttings in the nursery that showed better growth succeess (70-100%). Furthermore, information dissemination is carried out to increase efforts to develop breadfruit by the community / user. Breadfruit planting activities are carried out to increase the availability of food reserve forests in the future, both independently and collaboratively with stakeholders  who interested in  developing of breadfruit plantations. 

scholarly journals Potential utilization of spent Agaricus bisporus mushroom substrate for seedling production and organic fertilizer in tomato cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Figueiredo Collela ◽  
Lívia Martinez Abreu Soares Costa ◽  
Tatiana Silveira Junqueira de Moraes ◽  
Diego Cunha Zied ◽  
Danny Lee Rinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Average Production

ABSTRACT The production of Agaricus bisporus results in significant residual material after cultivation. Due to its physical properties and nutrient content Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) has great potential for use in agriculture. Our study evaluated the feasibility of using SMS as an alternative substrate for the production of Paronset® hybrid tomato seedlings and as an organic fertilizer in its production. To conduct the fruit production experiment, the plots consisted of three types of fertilizers (SMS of A. bisporus, NPK and bovine manure) with four replications. The seedlings produced in the SMS presented higher rates of germination time and speeds, and stood out from the other substrates in the evaluation of seedling quality. In the tomato fruit production phase, the average production of the plants originating from the SMS was 20% higher than the seedlings from the commercial substrate. The plants cultivated with the SMS presented higher production than the plants cultivated with bovine manure incorporated the soil. According to our results, The SMS was as good as the commercial substrates tested. Therefore, the SMS can be recommended for the growth and nutrition of seedling production and denotes potential viability for use in the tomato production cycle in its different phases.

scholarly journals Vertical Distribution of Arthropod Assemblages and the Effects of Weather Conditions on Arthropod Rain in a Temperate Conifer Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yoshida ◽  
Yasunori Kusunoki ◽  
Yuya Fukano ◽  
Naoki Hijii
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Forest Arthropods ◽  
Pan Traps

Vertical stratification of forests results in the occurrence of different arthropod assemblages between the vertical layers. Fallen arthropods from the canopy layers (i.e., “arthropod rain”) are additional food sources for predators thriving on the forest floor (FF). However, the abundances of arthropods are strongly affected by weather conditions and vertical stratification. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the vertical distribution of arthropod assemblages and effects of temperature and precipitation on the arthropod rain in a temperate conifer (Cryptomeria japonica) forest. Arthropods were collected by water-pan traps and trunk-sticky traps in the upper canopy (UC; 16 m), lower canopy (10 m), and FF (0.5 m). Among the fallen arthropods collected by water-pan traps, wandering detritivores, and herbivores were more abundant ranging from the FF to the UC, whereas the abundance of wandering predators (mainly spiders) was similar in the upper and lower canopies. However, detritivores, herbivores, and predators showed the highest abundance in the UC among the flying arthropods. Wandering arthropods moved upward from the FF toward the tree trunks more frequently than downward, indicating the importance of arthropod immigration from the ground to arboreal habitats. Temperature and precipitation had different effects on fallen and moving arthropods among different taxonomic groups. Flying arthropods were affected only by temperature, while wandering detritivores and herbivores were affected by precipitation and temperature. Thus, the abundance of wandering and flying arthropods differed among the vertical layers of a temperate conifer forest; additionally, arthropod rain was closely associated with weather conditions.

scholarly journals Indigenous Art and Sovereignty Inspiring Change against Environmental Degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Castro-Koshy ◽  
Géraldine Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

This special issue on “Environmental Artistic Practices and Indigeneity: In(ter)ventions, Recycling, Sovereignty" constitutes a body of creative contributions and academic articles addressing numerous forms of artistic practices of the Pacific Islands, Australia, French Guiana, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. Inspired by Indigenous artists and writers whose practices and creativity help reimagine sustainable ways to inhabit the world, this introduction and our special issue interrogate contemporary environmental issues and the legacy of colonisation. They examine how Indigenous artists and writers, and artists working with Indigenous artists and communities, have for decades raised awareness about environmental issues, and encouraged people to regain their agency to struggle against environmental degradation and further destruction of Indigenous people’s societies and health. This introduction contextualises the concepts and Indigenous terms used by artists to express their vision of what a respectful relationship with the environment would be. It also offers readings of the beautiful literary and artistic creative contributions included in this issue. Environmental themes such as waste recycling, health issues, pollutants (mercury, POPs), and agricultural technics are discussed here in light of human and non-human life and agency. This issue also features a significant range of calls for action to better protect and restore ecosystems.

scholarly journals Food sources, behaviour, and distribution of hydrothermal vent shrimps at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Gebruk ◽  
E.C. Southward ◽  
H. Kennedy ◽  
A.J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Rimicaris Exoculata ◽  
Tube Worms ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Menez Gwen ◽  
Juvenile Shrimp ◽  
Supporting Structures

Five species of bresilioid shrimp were investigated at seven hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike, Rainbow, Broken Spur, TAG, Snake Pit and Logatchev. Samples were prepared for analysis of stable isotopes, elemental composition and lipids. Shrimp behaviour was observed from the submersible ‘Alvin’ and in the laboratory aboard RV ‘Atlantis’. The distribution and zonation of the shrimp species was recorded. Juvenile shrimp of all species arrive at the vents carrying reserves of photosynthetic origin, built-up in the pelagic larval stages. These reserves are used while the shrimp metamorphose to the adult form and, in Rimicaris exoculata and Chorocaris chacei, while they develop epibiotic bacteria supporting structures, the modified mouthparts and the inside of the carapace. The main food of adult R. exoculata is filamentous bacteria that grow on these structures. The intermediate sizes of C. chacei also feed on such bacteria, but the final stage gets some food by scavenging or predation. Mirocaris species scavenge diverse sources; they are not trophically dependent on either R. exoculata or mussels. Adults of Alvinocaris markensis are predators of other vent animals, including R. exoculata. The dense swarms of R. exoculata, with their exosymbionts, can be compared to endosymbiont-containing animals such as Bathymodiolus and the vestimentiferan tube-worms of the Pacific vents. Such associations, whether endo- or ectosymbiotic, may be necessary for the development of flourishing communities at hydrothermal vents.

scholarly journals Analog Rice Development as Alternative Food Made of Raw Composite Flour Enriched Protein Canavalia ensiformis

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 13017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isti Pudjihastuti ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono ◽  
Heny Kusumayanti
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Method Of Production

Food is an important factor in human life. Indonesia’s main food need is rice. Domestic rice demand continues to increase along with population growth. One of the businesses that can increase the availability of food, especially rice, is to utilize the existing agricultural products even though they have not been utilized economically and intensified the excavation of new food sources. Analog rice is a form of food diversification by utilizing local carbohydrate sources. In this study analog rice made from composite flour mixture of cassava flour, Dioscorea esculenta L, corn enriched with protein Canavalia ensiformis. The purpose of this research is to develop the method of production of analog rice and to test the physicochemical properties including water content, water, protein, and amylose so that it can be applied as food substitute for rice in realizing Indonesia food security program. The largest protein content of 9.156%, the highest water content of 12.431%, water absorption 187%. The amylose content of analog rice amounted to 19.677% included in the low-octane rice.

An Americanist's Take on Against the Grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-699
Author(s):  
Terence N. D'Altroy
Keyword(s):  
Social Complexity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Human History ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
The Human Condition

In both public and professional accounts of the grand sweep of human history, a few questions recurrently beg for attention. How did technology—broadly understood to encompass everything from control of fire to domestication of food sources, to craft manufacture, to communication and transportation—transform human life? How did social complexity come into being: e.g. classes, formal institutions and the state? Why did some ancient societies invest so much effort in corporate constructions such as pyramids, temples and other monumental architecture? What were the effects of warfare and disease on the human condition? And why did the early societies of so many regions cycle between eras of concentrated power and its apparent dissolution?

scholarly journals Aeroponic Cloning of Capsicum spp.

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel R. Del Valle-Echevarria ◽  
Michael B. Kantar ◽  
Julianne Branca ◽  
Sarah Moore ◽  
Matthew K. Frederiksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
Propagation Technique ◽  
Node Formation

Aeroponic cloning is a great strategy to maintain desired genotypes by generating a whole new plant from cuttings. While this propagation technique has been demonstrated for tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), no protocol has been developed for peppers (Capsicum spp.). The ability to clonally propagate different Capsicum holds promise for domestic and industrial growing operations since elite cultivars with desirable traits (e.g., high capsaicin levels, nutrient content, and striped fruit) can be perpetuated without the need of planning a nursery. We tested six Capsicum species for their feasibility of aeroponic cloning by stem cuttings. All domestic species were successfully regenerated under aeroponic conditions but not for Capsicum eximium, a wild species. Of the species analyzed, Capsicum annuum peppers had the fastest node formation (11.6 +/− 0.89 days, P ≤ 0.01) and obtained a larger volume of roots (P ≤ 0.01) after node formation as compared to C. baccatum, C. frutescens, and C. pubescens. This study presents a cost-effective strategy to clonally propagate peppers for personal, industrial, and conservation purposes.

Evaluation of nutritive value of white mulberry (Morus alba) fruits waste

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
A Mahdavi ◽  
S A Hosseini ◽  
M Mohiti Asl ◽  
H Lotfolahiya ◽  
A Aghashahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
Mulberry Fruits

The mulberry belongs to the genus Morus of the family Moraceae. Mulberry is found from temperate to subtropical regions and they can grow in a wide range of climatic, topographical and soil conditions. In most countries, including Turkey, Greece and Iran, mulberries are grown for fruit production rather than foliage (Ercisli, 2004; Mulberry fruits can be used as a worming agent, as a remedy for dysentery, and as a laxative, odontalgic, anathematic, expectorant, hypoglycaemic and emetic (Baytop, 1996). Phonemics possess a wide spectrum of biochemical activities such as antioxidant, ant mutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as the ability to modify gene expression (Nakamura, et al., 2003; Mulberry fruit contains essential fatty acids that humans cannot synthesise, and must be obtained through diet. One of the most important points about mulberry fruits is its sensitive to environmental condition in harvesting time and the methods of harvesting that is not suitable. Because of this mentioned problem, mulberry fruits have a lot of waste. In animal feed industry, agricultural by-products were used in animal and poultry nutrition. One of the greatest challenges to a nutritionist is to formulate diets that adequately meet the nutrient requirements of the animal without having to provide excessive quantities of the expensive nutrients. In order to formulate the diets economically, it is essential that nutrient content of candidate ingredients analyzed as detail as possible. There was no information about mulberry fruits wastes nutritive value.

Aquaculture Revisited

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Bardach
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Economy Of Scale ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Choice Of Species

Opportunities for and constraints of animal aquaculture are considered with special reference to the Pacific basin. Choice of species for husbandry depends on biological, cultural, and marketability criteria. Seed production (spawning and larval rearing) may be centralized, with certain economy of scale advantages, even in artisanal aquaculture enterprises, provided adequate distribution facilities for postlarvae are made. Larval survival rates for several actual or potential cultivars still need enhancement through applied research. Practices for the growout phase of aquatic stock differ, depending on the intensity of fixed and variable inputs, by analogy with terrestrial systems one may distinguish feedlot, managed pasturage, and ranching modes. For much of tropical Asia best expansion opportunities exist in managed pasturage polyculture possibly combining the grow-out of crustacea for export with local, largely herbivorous and planktivorous semistaple species. Extraneously supplied feeds, when used, will differ with the species and locally available raw materials. Nonbiotechnical constraints to aquaculture expansion are found in the areas of training, credit, extension, social impact of change, and information dissemination. They may be as difficult, if not more difficult, to overcome as purely biological ones.

scholarly journals Date of Potting and Fertilization Affects Plant Growth, Mineral Nutrient Content, and Substrate Electrical Conductivity

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
R. Lee Ivy ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback ◽  
Stuart L Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
P Content ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
One Year

Abstract The landscape industry uses containerized plant material throughout the year. Thus, traditional spring potting at many nurseries has changed to potting throughout the year. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of potting date and rate of fertilization on plant growth and mineral nutrient content, substrate electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, and winter injury. To complete this objective, rooted stem cuttings of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’ and Viburnum awabuki K. Koch. ‘Chindo’ were potted in Raleigh, NC, July 17, 1998; September 7, 1998; October 29, 1998; March 25, 1999; and May 13, 1999. Two controlled-release fertilizers [Wilbro/Polyon 15N–1.8P–7.5K (15N–4P2O5–9K2O) and Scotts 23N–1.8P–6.6K (23N–4P2O5–8K2O)] were applied at four rates: a split application with 0.5X incorporated at potting and surface application of the remaining 0.5X six months after potting date [X = manufacturers' recommended rate per 3.8 liter (4 qt) container], and 1X, 1.5X, and 2X incorporated at potting. Plant growth and mineral nutrient content were determined one year after initial potting date. Substrate EC and pH were measured monthly. ‘Compacta’ holly and ‘Chindo’ viburnum potted in September or October were larger than plants potted in March regardless of fertilizer and rates of fertilization. In general, holly and viburnum were smaller when fertilized with 0.5/0.5X compared to 1X regardless of fertilizer and date of potting. Within each rate of fertilization, viburnum potted in September had significantly greater N and P content compared to viburnum potted in March or May. Nitrogen and P content were highly correlated to plant dry weight (r > 0.79, P = 0.0001). Mineral nutrient content of holly responded similarly. No plants were injured by winter temperatures regardless of potting date or rate of fertilization throughout the study period. Plants potted in July, September, or October had the highest substrate EC values in March, whereas plants potted in March or May had highest EC values in August regardless of species, fertilizer or rate of fertilization. Substrate pH was unaffected by date of potting, but pH decreased with increasing rates of fertilization.

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