Antimicrobial Activity of Fungal Extract  of The Aspergillus flavus from Hiri Island, North Maluku to Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibacterial compounds from sponge association fungi are one of the alternatives to search for new antibiotics against resistant bacteria. This study aims to explore the secondary metabolites potential from sponge association fungi as MDR pathogens antibacterial and to cultivate these fungi using a variety of cultivation media. TE-BO-09.1. Isolate can inhibit 3 bacteria, K. pneumoniae, B subtilis, and S. aureus, but is not able to inhibit E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Cultivation using standard media of Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and media modified from fish broth (M1, M2) and cassava infusion (M3, M4) produce secondary metabolites with varying quantities and antimicrobial activity. The inhibition zone of the produced extract with 500 μg/disc concentration ranged from 7.14 to 10.32 mm. The strongest potential was shown by ethyl acetate extract from isolates cultured with M2 (9 days cultivation), of which is able to produce 10.32 mm inhibition zones against S. aureus and methanol extracts from isolates cultured with M4 (6 days cultivation), and able to produce 10.05 mm inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, the fungus Aspergillus flavus can be culture using fish broth added glucose and cassava infusion water added peptone media to potentially produce antibacterial compounds against MDR pathogens.

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POTENSI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DALAM MENGHASILKAN BAKTERIOSIN SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA DAN PENGUKURAN BERAT MOLEKULNYA DENGAN SDS-PAGE DARI ISOLAT FERMENTASI KAKAO

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v1i2.149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Urnemi ◽

Sumaryati Syukur ◽

Endang Purwati ◽

Sanusi Ibrahim ◽

Jamsari

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Sds Page ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from of cocoa beans fermentation Forestero variety from West Sumatera, that were eleven isolates. The isolates were tested to antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria E.coli NBRC 14237, Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 13276, Bacillus subtilis BTCCB 612, listeria m. dan S. Typhii. Results the research showed that, isolates had inhibition zone to pathogenic bacteria, that were 7 mm till 12 mm at 48 hours observation. R2.4 isolate was most potential to inhibition zones growth pathogenic bacteria, that was 11mm till 12 mm to five pathogens. R2.4 isolates was the highest to against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis BTCCB, Listeria monocytogenesis and Staphylococcus aureus NBRC) had inhibition zones, that was 12.00 mm till 48 hours. Listeria monocytogenesis had been known as pest bacterium of food born, so that R2.4 isolate can be used as food biopreservative. Crude of R2.4 isolate molecular weight was 10 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Key words: Lactic acid bacteria, Antimicrobial activity, SDS-PAGE, Cocoa fermentation and food biopreservative

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Comparison of Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects of Different Varieties of Honey and Propolis Samples

Acta Alimentaria ◽

10.1556/066.2020.49.4.18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 515-523

Author(s):

S. Kolayli ◽

I. Palabiyik ◽

D.S. Atik ◽

M. Keskin ◽

A. Bozdeveci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Antifungal Effects ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Honey is the most important bee product. There are many secondary metabolites, carbohydrates, enzymes, and vitamins in honey, thus, honey has antimicrobial activity. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of forty-two honey and eight propolis ethanolic extracts (PEE) were investigated against 16 microorganisms. Total phenolic content ranged between 20.00–124.10 mg GAE/100 g and 103–232 mg GAE/g for honey and raw propolis samples, respectively. Pine and oak honeydew honeys had higher antimicrobial activity than four diﬀerent grades of Manuka Honeys up to 18 mm minimum inhibition zone diameters. The ethanolic propolis extracts showed much higher antimicrobial activity than the honey samples. Fungi species were inhibited by the propolis samples. Helicobacter pylorii (H. pylorii) was the most sensitive, whereas Streptococcus agalactiae was the most resistant bacteria among the studied microorganisms. Brazilian and Zonguldak propolis had the closest antimicrobial activity to ampicillin, streptomycin, and ﬂuconazole. It can be concluded that both honey and propolis could be used in preservative and complementary medicine.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Metabolites Extracted from Marine Actinomycetes

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/14.4.45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1673-1679

Author(s):

Jehan Alrahimi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Marine Actinomycetes ◽

Biological Drugs ◽

Soil System ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Promising Source

Actinomycetes are free-living bacteria that are widely distributed and found in several habitats. These bacteria are essential organism in soil system, they contribute to agroindustry as the origin of active compounds. Their economical and biotechnological importance lies in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites including anticancer, insecticides, and antibiotic agents, such Actinomycetes–derived agents have been commonly used in both medical and industrial fields. Mainly, different Actinomycetes species isolated from coastal habitats are found to be novel sources of antibiotics. Thus, further investigating Actinomycetes will provide a better understanding of the physiological features and chemical composition of marine Actinomycetes. It also enables to use of large synthetic libraries of derived molecules (e.g., secondary metabolites) to develop biological drugs to combat advanced bacterial infections. Actinomycetes can produce more powerful biological compounds of medicinal and economic importance; moreover, it can provide insight into new antibiotics against different types of pathogens that cause infection to humans and support human health by overcoming complications caused by pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance. In particular, Actinomycetes of marine origin are a promising source of biomedical microbial products and natural products with an interesting microbial activity against many other pathogenic causing microorganisms. They are diverse in nature and have unique chemical compositions. During the past years, many new anti-microbial agents were discovered and deemed powerful therapeutic agents. The discovery of bioactive compounds continues to increase. However, the underlying potential of Actinomycetes has yet to be found. Therefore, this work conducts a review of the antimicrobial activity of metabolites extracted from marine Actinomycetes.

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POTENSI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DALAM MENGHASILKAN BAKTERIOSIN SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA DAN PENGUKURAN BERAT MOLEKULNYA DENGAN SDS-PAGE DARI ISOLAT FERMENTASI KAKAO

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v4i2.141 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Urnemi ◽

Sumaryati Syukur ◽

Endang Purwati ◽

Sanusi Ibrahim ◽

Jamsari

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Sds Page ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cocoa Fermentation

ABSTRACTLactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from cocoa beans fermentation Forestero variety from West Sumatera, that were eleven isolates. The isolates were tested to antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria E.coli NBRC 14237, Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 13276, Bacillus subtilis BTCCB 612, listeria m. dan S. Typhii.Results the research showed that, isolates had inhibition zone to pathogenic bacteria, that were 7 mm till 12 mm at 48 hours observation. R2.4 isolate was most potential to inhibition zones growth pathogenic bacteria, That was 11mm till 12 mm to five pathogens. R2.4 isolates was the highest to against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis BTCCB, Listeria monocytogenesis and Staphylococcus aureus NBRC) had inhibition zones, that was 12. mm till 48 hours. Listeria monocytogenesis had been known as pest bacterium of food born, so that R2.4 isolate can be used as food biopreservative. Crude of R2.4 isolate molecular weight was 10 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Key words: Lactic acid bacteria, antimicrobial activity, SDS-PAGE, cocoa fermentation and food biopreservative

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Antibacterial Compounds from Mushrooms: A Lead to Fight ESKAPEE Pathogenic Bacteria?

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1266-6980 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Violette Hamers ◽

Clément Huguet ◽

Mélanie Bourjot ◽

Aurélie Urbain

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Global Health ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antibacterial Compounds ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Hospital Stays ◽

Antibacterial Potential

AbstractInfectious diseases are among the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century, and one critical concern is due to antibiotic resistance developed by an increasing number of bacterial strains. New resistance mechanisms are emerging with many infections becoming more and more difficult if not impossible to treat. This growing phenomenon not only is associated with increased mortality but also with longer hospital stays and higher medical costs. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to find new antibiotics targeting pathogenic microorganisms such as ESKAPEE bacteria. Most of currently approved antibiotics are derived from microorganisms, but higher fungi could constitute an alternative and remarkable reservoir of anti-infectious compounds. For instance, pleuromutilins constitute the first class of antibiotics derived from mushrooms. However, macromycetes still represent a largely unexplored source. Publications reporting the antibacterial potential of mushroom extracts are emerging, but few purified compounds have been evaluated for their bioactivity on pathogenic bacterial strains. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile up-to-date data about natural products isolated from fruiting body fungi, which significantly inhibit the growth of ESKAPEE pathogenic bacteria. When available, data regarding modes of action and cytotoxicity, mandatory when considering a possible drug development, have been discussed in order to highlight the most promising compounds.

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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Punica Granatum Peel Extract and their Biological Activity on different Pathogenic Bacteria

NeuroQuantology ◽

10.14704/nq.2021.19.9.nq21135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

Hussein H. Al-Turnachy ◽

Fadhilk. alibraheemi ◽

Ahmed Abd Alreda Madhloom ◽

Zahraa Yosif Motaweq ◽

Nibras Yahya Abdulla

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Peel Extract

The present study was included the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized by Punica granatum peel extract against pathogenic bacteria by testing warm aqueous P. granatum peel extract and silver nanoparticles. Punica granatum indicated potency for AgNP extracellular nanobiosynthesis after addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) 4mM to the extract supernatant, in both concentrations (100mg and 50mg). The biogenic AgNPs showed potency to inhibit both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial growth. Zons of inhibition in (mm) was lesser in gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. The resulted phytogenic AgNPs gave higher biological activity than warm aqueous Punica granatum peel extract. The inhibition zone of the phytogenic AgNPs on E. coli reached 17.53, 22.35, and 26.06 mm at (0.1, 0.5, and 1) mg/ml respectively. While inhibition zones of Punica warm aqueous extract reached 5.33, 10.63, and 16.08 mm at the same concentrations. phytogenic AgNPs gave smaller inhibition zones in gram-positive than gram- negative. Cytotoxic activity of the phytogenic AgNPs was assayed in vitro agaist human blood erythrocytes (RBCs), spectroscopic results showed absorbance at 540 nm hemolysis was observed. In general, AgNPs showed least RBCs hemolysis percentage, at 1 mg/ml concentration, hemolysis percentage was (4.50%). This study, concluded that the Punica granatum peel extract has the power of synthses of AgNPs characterized by broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with cyto-toxicity proportional to AgNPs concentration.

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Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles from Adansonia digitata Leaf Extract and Its Antimicrobial Properties

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i730243 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-22

Author(s):

A. O. Akintola ◽

A. M. Azeez ◽

B. D. Kehinde ◽

I. C. Oladipo

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Adansonia Digitata ◽

Inhibition Zones

Silver nano particles (AgNPs) were green synthesized using Adansonia digitata leaf extract. The synthesized silver nano particles were characterized in terms of synthesis, size, shape, morphology and capping functionalities by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized silver nano particles was investigated by well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of the nano particle was studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeurigunosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumonae while the antifungal activity was studied against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillum notatum and Rhizopus stolomifer. The synthesized AgNPs was active against all the studied microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible bacterium (inhibition zones ranging from 12.00 to 28.00 mm, MIC: 30 µl, MBC: 50 µl) while Aspergillus niger was the most susceptible fungi (inhibition zones ranging from 10.00 to 18.00 mm, MIC: 90 µl, MFC: 120 µl. In conclusion the synthesized silver nanoparticles was found to have antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and fungi tested and hence has a great potential in biomedical application for the treatment of microbial infections.

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Antibacterial activity of ginger extracts and its essential oil on some of pathogenic bacteria

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.7.3.1159-1165 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1159-1165

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria

The antimicrobial activity of ginger extracts ( cold-water, hot-water, ethanolic and essential oil ) against some of pathogenic bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Salmonella sp , Klebsiella sp , Serratia marcescens, Vibrio cholerae , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus sp) was investigated using Disc diffusion method , and the results were compared with the antimicrobial activity of 12 antibiotics on the same bacteria . The results showed that the ginger extracts were more effective on gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative . V. cholerae and S. marcescens,were the most resistant bacteria to the extracts used , while highest inhibition was noticed against Streptococcus sp (28 mm) . The ethanolic extract showed the broadest antibacterial activity ( 11 to 28 mm ) , in comparison with moderate activity of essential oil , it was observed that the cold-water extract was more effective on the bacteria than hot-water extract . Ginger ethanolic extract presented higher diameter of inhibition zone for Streptococcus sp than in Ciprofloxacin , Cefotaxime , Cefalotin , Cephalexin and Cephaloridine , also it was found a similarity between the higher inhibition zones of ethanolic extract of ginger and some antibiotics for S. aureus , E. coli , Salmonella sp and Klebsiella sp . V. cholerae and S. marcescens,also highly resistant to antibiotics . Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of ginger revealed the present of glycosides, terpenoids, flavonids and phenolic compounds

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Antimicrobial Activity of Coriander sativum

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i4731117 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-81

Author(s):

Samina Amin Qurban Ali ◽

Arif Malik

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Food Additives ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

High Concentration ◽

Natural Oils

The increasing rate of drug-repellent pathogens and poisonousness of existing antiseptic compounds has strained attention toward activity of antimicrobial products which are natural. Main purpose of this research was to assess antimicrobial activity of seeds and leaves of Coriandrum sativum’s essential oil, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Coriandrum sativum’s ethanol extracts and essential oils. Numerous approaches were used in reviewing the antioxidant activity such as, p-anisidine test – malonaldhyde, DPPH and peroxide value. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts towards six microbial strains; two bacterial strains (Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus), one yeast (Candida tropicals) and three fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp and Emericella nidulans) was assessed by determination of inhibition zone and count of bacteria, yeast and spares of fungus. The antimicrobial mechanisms found in these essential oils have been explained on the basis of their content in natural compounds such as carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and c-terpinene, among others. Although these two essential oils have received much attention, scientists working in the fields of biomedicine and food science are paying increasing attention to a wider variety of aromatic natural oils in an effort to identify original and natural applications for the inhibition of microbial pathogens. In conclusion, utilization of coriander or their components as food additives will increase the antioxidant and the antimicrobial potential of the food which prevent food deterioration and improve the shelf-life of food beside its nutritional value. The results revealed that the leaves extracts have high levels of phenolics than the seeds extract. Concerning antioxidant activity, significant decreases (p>0.001) were observed in peroxide, P- anisidine and TBA values as compared to control oil. On the other hand, scavenging activity % of the four extracts on DPPH radical were higher than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) especially with high concentration (1000 μg/ ml). Regarding antimicrobial activity, the results showed that the extract of coriander seeds has the highest reduction percent in growth of all the examined microorganisms. The result also revealed that Mucor sp was resistant to the action of parsley extracts while Aspergillus flavus has the highest resistance against coriander extracts.

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Edible film based on Vicia faba shell gum, nano silver and Helichrysum arenarium essence

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-04-2019-0136 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 280-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farzane Jahantigh

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Edible Film ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Content Type ◽

The Difference

Purpose The inclusion of natural antioxidants and nanoparticles into edible coatings can improve their structure, functionality and applicability in foods. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of new nano-composite based on bean pod shell gum (BPSG), silver nanoparticle (SNP) and herbal essential oil (EO). Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, BPSG (4 per cent w/v), SNP (0.5-1 per cent w/v) and Helichrysum arenarium EO (1-2 per cent v/v) were mixed. After preparation the edible film, the antibacterial activity was tested on five food-borne pathogenic bacteria in two categories including two-gram positives and three-gram negatives bacteria. The EO composition was determined by GC–mass spectrometry and the antibacterial activity was tested using disk diffusion test. Findings Results showed that gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than gram-negative bacteria. Increasing Helichrysum arenarium EO and SNP content increased antimicrobial activity of the edible film based on BPSG, so that the treatment containing 2 per cent v/v Helichrysum arenarium EO and 1 per cent w/v SNP led to the highest inhibition zone (8.1-13.1 mm) compared to treatment containing 1 per cent v/v Helichrysum arenarium EO and 0.5 per cent w/v SNP with inhibition zone range of 5.4-9.9 mm and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.41). Also, the chemical composition analysis of the EO identified a total of 38 compounds in which a-pinene (32 per cent), 1,8-cineole (16 per cent), α-humulene (15 per cent) and ß-caryophyllene (8 per cent) were the main fractions. Other separated components accounted less than 29 per cent of the oil. Originality/value In general, SNP and Helichrysum arenarium EO improved the functional properties including the antimicrobial activity of the edible film based on BPSG, which increases the potential to be used as active packaging for fresh products.

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