scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Stichopus hermanii Semper, 1868 (Stichopodidae, Holothuroidea) terhadap Jumlah Total Hemosit Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Penaeidae, Crustacea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Ulin Ni'mah ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Gunawan Widi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Laboratory Experimentation ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Immune Enhancer

Peningkatan imunitas udang vaname dengan menggunakan imnostimulator merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencegah kegagalan panen pada budidaya udang vaname. Ekstrak teripang emas memiliki senyawa yang berperan sebagai peningkat imun. Beberapa senyawa yang terkandung pada teripang emas yaitu saponin dan steroid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak teripang emas terhadap jumlah total hemosit Litopenaeus vannamei dan konsentrasi ekstrak teripang emas yang paling tepat untuk meningkatkan jumlah total hemosit udang vaname. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen laboratoris dengan perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak teripang emas yang ditambahkann pada pakan udang komersil yaitu 0 ppm; 40 ppm; 80 ppm; 120 ppm. Hasil penelitian jumlah total hemosit udang vaname terjadi peningkatan akibat pemberian ekstrak teripang emas dibandingkan kontrol. Peningkatan tersebut terlihat pada jumlah total hemosit udang vaname yang diberi ekstrak teripang emas dengan konsentrasi 40 dan 120 ppm pada hari ke-8. Pemberian ekstrak teripang emas dengan konsentrasi 120 ppm memberikan hasil terbaik yaitu jumlah total hemosit sebanyak 1,18x106 sel/mL, dan untuk kelangsungan hidup udang vaname yang diberikan ekstrak teripang emas dan kontrol memiliki persentase sebesar 100%. Kesimpulannya adalah pemberian ekstrak teripang emas berpengaruh terhadap jumlah hemosit udang vaname.  Increased immunity of vaname shrimp by using imnostimulator is one of the efforts to prevent crop failure in the cultivation of vaname shrimp. gold sea cucumber extract has a compound that acts as an immune enhancer. Some of the compounds contained in Stichopus hermanii are saponins and steroids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gold sea cucumber extract on the total amount of vaname shrimp haemocyte and the most appropriate concentration of golden sea cucumber extract to increase the total amount of vaname shrimp haemocyte. The method used was a method of laboratory experimentation with the treatment of the concentration of Stichopus hermanii extract added to commercial shrimp feed that is 0 ppm; 40 ppm; 80 ppm; 120 ppm. The results of the study the total amount of shrimp haemocyte Litopenaeus vananamei increased due to administration of Stichopus hermanii extract compared to control. The increase was seen in the total amount of vaname shrimp haemocyte given gold sea cucumber extract with concentrations of 40 and 120 ppm on day 8. Administration of gold sea cucumber extract with a concentration of 120 ppm gives the best result that is the total amount of haemocyte as much as 1.18x106 cells / mL, and for the survival of Litopenaeus vannamei given extract gold sea cucumber and control has a percentage of 100%. The conclusion is that the administration of gold sea cucumber extract affects the amount of haemocyte shrimp vaname.

scholarly journals IMUNITAS UDANG VANNAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) YANG DIBERI PAKAN TAMBAHAN DAUN KASEMBUKAN (Paederia foetida Linn.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
I Ismawati ◽  
R. Amilia Destryana ◽  
Nailiy Huzaimah
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Survival Ratio ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTOne of the efforts to prevent crop failure in vanname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) can be done by increasing immunity in vanname shrimp. Increased shrimp immunity by chemical means has a weakness that can create resistance to bacteria. To overcome the positive impact of the use of antibiotics in preventing infection in vanname shrimp by utilizing a natural ingredient with medicinal properties namely kasembukan (Paederi foetida Linn.) The research aims to determine the immunity of vanname shrimp and survival ratio. The  research used a Completely Randomized Design with the treatment of paederia leaf concentration added to commercial shrimp feed, namely A1; A2; A3; A4; A5 (0%; 10%; 20%; 40%; 80%). Observations were made on day 0, day 10, day 20 and day 30. The results of research using ANOVA showed that there was an effect of treatment on immune vanname shrimp based on total vanname shrimp hemocytes. Duncon's further tests showed that the treatment of adding 10% and 20% of the paederia leaves had the same effect while the addition of 0%, 40% and 80% of the paederia leaves had a reduced effect on the total haemocyte of vanname shrimp. The survival ratio (SR) of vanname shrimp for each treatment for 30 days were A1: 80%, A2: 100%, A3: 90%, A4: 91% and A5: 96%.Keywords: Immunity, feed, Litopenaus vannamei, Paederia foetida L.ABSTRAKUpaya dalam mencegah kegagalan panen pada budidaya udang vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei) salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan imunitas pada udang vanname. Peningkatan imunitas udang dengan cara kimia memiliki kelemahan yaitu dapat membuat resistensi pada bakteri. Untuk menanggulangi dampak positif penggunaan antibiotik dalam mencegah infeksi pada udang vanname yaitu dengan cara memanfaatkan bahan alami berkasiat obat yaitu kasembukan (Paederi foetida Linn.) Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui imunitas udang vanname serta kelulus hidupan udang yang diberi pakan tambahan daun ksembukan sebagai imunostimulan. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan konsentrasi tepung daun kasembukan yang ditambahkann pada pakan udang komersil yaitu A1; A2; A3; A4; A5 (0%; 10%; 20%; 40%; 80%). Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke 0, hari ke 10, hari ke 20 dan hari ke 30. Hasil penelitian menggunakan ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh perlakuan terhadap imun udang vanname berdasarkan total hemosit udang vanname. Uji lanjut Duncon menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan 10% dan 20% daun kasembukan memiliki pengaruh yang sama sedangkan penambahan 0%, 40% dan 80% daun kasembukan memiliki pengaruh yang bereda terhadap total hemosit udang vanname. Kelulus kehidupan udang vanname untuk masing-masing perlakuan selama 30 hari yaitu A1:80%, A2:100%, A3:90%, A4:91% dan A5:96%.Kata Kunci: Imunitas, kasembukan, pakan, udang vanname

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Litopenaeus vannamei Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Model and Nutritional Requirements Analysis of Different Shrimp Commercial Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Gao ◽  
Jiarui Yang ◽  
Tong Hao ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Jinsheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Network ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Tyrosine Protein Kinase ◽  
And Control ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

As an important tool for systematic analysis, genome-scale metabolic network (GSMN) model has been widely used in various organisms. However, there are few reports on the GSMNs of aquatic crustaceans. Litopenaeus vannamei is the largest and most productive shrimp species. Feed improvement is one of the important methods to improve the yield of L. vannamei and control water pollution caused by the inadequate absorption of feed. In this work, the first L. vannamei GSMN named iGH3005 was reconstructed and applied to the optimization of feed. iGH3005 was reconstructed based on the genomic data. The model includes 2,292 reactions and 3,005 genes. iGH3005 was used to analyze the nutritional requirements of five different L. vannamei commercial varieties and the genes influencing the metabolism of the nutrients. Based on the simulation, we found that tyrosine-protein kinase src64b like may catalyze different reactions in different commercial varieties. The preference of carbohydrate utilization is different in various commercial varieties, which may due to the different expressions of some genes. In addition, this investigation suggests that a rational and targeted modification in the macronutrient content of shrimp feed would lead to an increase in growth and feed conversion rate. The feed for different commercial varieties should be adjusted accordingly, and possible adjustment schemes were provided. The results of this work provided important information for physiological research and optimization of the components in feed of L. vannamei.

The biology and control of the Sudan bollworm, Diparopsis Watersi (Roths.), in the Abyan Delta, West Aden Protectorate

1962 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Initial Population ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Large Acreage ◽  
Large Crop ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Heavy Infestation

Diparopsis watersi (Roths.) is the principal pest of cotton in the Abyan Delta, West Aden Protectorate, an almost rainless area where the crop is sown in August–September on floodland watered by seasonal streams rising on the Yemen plateau. From December onwards, a large proportion of the pupae formed exhibit a facultative diapause, and adults emerging from these are responsible for infesting the following season's crop, the size of the initial population in which depends upon the extent to which this moth flight is intercepted by cotton in a suitable stage for breeding. When initial populations are low, most of the crop is set before the population has greatly increased by short-cycle breeding, shedding of flower buds and young bolls following attack by D. watersi is slight in relation to natural shedding, and little crop loss is attributable to this boll-worm. When a large part of the moth flight is intercepted, initial populations are high, heavy shedding is caused, and varying degrees of loss ranging up to virtual crop failure can result.Investigations show that, when land is watered, emergence from diapause pupae is almost completed within six weeks; it is thought that watering reduces soil temperature below the high level that appears to inhibit diapause development throughout the summer. The resulting moth flight is largely spent before flower buds become available and the initial population in the crop is low. When land that was under cotton the previous year is not watered, soil temperatures remain high, and this is thought to account for a delay in emergence until temperatures fall, giving rise to a moth flight extending from November to January. Much of this is intercepted by cotton in a condition suitable for breeding by D. watersi, the initial population is high and heavy losses can result. The annual variation in the volume of the floods results in corresponding fluctuations in cotton acreage, a varying proportion of the previous year's cotton land remaining unwatered. The histories of the four cotton crops 1958–59 to 1960–61 indicate the extent to which infestation of the crop depends on this factor. In a year of poor floods following a large acreage in the previous year, infestations tend to be severe, and, conversely, a large crop following a smaller one the year before is normally lightly attacked. Failure to observe a close season may also promote heavy infestation, since it results in the provision of a food supply for the offspring of the main emergence from diapause pupae, which otherwise would not survive.Endrin has proved very effective in the control of D. watersi, and Sevin also shows promise, but several applications over the two months following the first flower buds are necessary and it is doubtful whether these could be economic. A close season is essential, and the effects of its violation have been seen in recent years. The available flood water should be used more economically, using a system of area rotation of crops whereby cotton would be followed by another crop and that in turn by a dry fallow. The spring floods, which normally run to waste, could thus be utilised, and this would reduce the incidence of unwatered cotton land.

scholarly journals Application of probiotics and prebiotics for promoting growth of Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon): an approach to eco-friendly shrimp aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
J Bir ◽  
MR Golder ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
SS Islam ◽  
R Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Combine Application ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shrimp Farms

The current study has been conducted to evaluate the growth performance of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) by applying eco-friendly culture mechanism like prebiotics and probiotics. The experiment was carried out for 95 days in different shrimp farms at coastal district of Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Three different treatments viz., probiotic treated as T1, prebiotics treated as T2 and both probiotics and prebiotics as T3 with a control group were designed to conduct the experiment. The size of the experimental ponds was five acre and the stocking density was 4/m2 in each treatment. CP NASA shrimp feed (32% protein) was given thrice in a day during the study period. After 95 days of culture period, the maximum weight gain was observed at T3 (33.78±0.18 g) whereas the minimum weight gain was observed at control group (25.69±0.10 g). The survival rate was the highest in T3 (89.01%) followed by T2 (75.51%) and T1 (53.44%) and the lowest rate was observed in control group (50.88%). Overall production was higher in T3 (833.78 kg ha-1) compared to T2 (553.40 kg ha-1), T1 (447.84 kg ha-1) and Control group (310.57 kg ha-1). pH value was found to maximum in T3 (7.71±0.08) and it was minimum in T1 (7.41±0.10). In addition, the maximum TAN value was found to be 2.22±0.19 mg L-1 in C pond and it was minimum in T3 (0.32±0.06 mg L-1). Therefore, it could be concluded that combine application of probiotics and prebiotics might be the reliable media to enhance production of shrimp by maintaining eco-friendly environment in aquaculture. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 15-20, December 2020

Synbiotic containing Kappaphycus alvarezii, Spirulina sp., and Halomonas alkaliphila improves survival, growth, and vibriosis resistance in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larval culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lenny Situmorang ◽  
Puri Nurwidayanti ◽  
Gede Suantika
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Culture ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
And Control

The high losses in shrimp production due to mortality caused by Vibrio opportunistic pathogens still constitute a significant challenge in the shrimp industry. Synbiotic feed supplementation appears to be a promising control strategy to maintain healthy shrimp stock. In this study, the effects of synbiotic-containing prebiotic seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii and Spirulina sp. as well as probiotic Halomonas alkaliphila were evaluated on the survival, growth, and vibriosis of Litopenaeus vannamei during the post-larval stage. Five different feeds were tested: commercial feed, prebiotics K. alvarezii and Spirulina sp.-supplemented feed, and synbiotic-supplemented feed using K. alvarezii, Spirulina sp. and probiotic H. alkaliphila with different concentrations of 108, 109, and 1010 CFU.kg−1. Following 14 days after the feeding test, the highest shrimp survival (91.46 ± 0.05%) was obtained in the treatment group fed with synbiotic-supplemented feed containing 0.375% K. alvarezii, 0.125% Spirulina sp., and H. alkaliphila at 109 CFU.kg−1 (p < 0.05). A 7-day challenge test against opportunistic bacteria Vibrio harveyii was then performed using three treatment groups: (1) synbiotic, containing 0.375% K. alvarezii, 0.125% Spirulina sp., and H. alkaliphila at 109 CFU.kg−1; (2) prebiotic, with 0.375% K. alvarezii, 0.125% Spirulina sp.; and (3) control, using commercial feed. The highest shrimp survival of (79.9 ± 0.05%) was found in the synbiotic treatment group, followed by the prebiotic and control treatment groups (p < 0.05). Overall results suggested that synbiotic-supplemented feed containing 0.375% K. alvarezii, 0.125% Spirulina sp., and H. alkaliphila at 109 CFU.kg−1 significantly improved shrimp survival even when challenged with V. harveyii. Thus, this synbiotic can be potentially applied as an alternative biocontrol strategy against vibriosis in intensive shrimp post-larval culture.

scholarly journals Retrofitting Sea Cucumber Nursery Tanks to Recirculating Aquaculture Systems for Highly Intensive Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9478
Author(s):  
Yishuai Du ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Fudi Chen ◽  
Tianlong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
Total Ammonia

Designing good recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) is challenging in shrimp aquaculture. In this study, two sets of RASs were constructed using sea cucumber nursery tanks for rearing Litopenaeus vannamei. Recirculating aquaculture was supported by key technologies such as sewage collection and aeration systems adapted to the rectangular tanks and technologies for the removal of sewage, shrimp shells, and dead individuals. Six-hundred and eighty-five thousand juveniles were selected for rearing in the newly constructed RASs, where the average stocking density was 1013 shrimp/m3. During the recirculating aquaculture period of 53 days, the water temperature of the tanks was 24–31 °C, the salinity was 25–32‰, the pH was 6.4–8.2, the DO was ≥ 4.9 mg/L, the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was maintained between 0.17 and 4.9 mg/L, the concentration of nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) was between 0.12 and 4.7 mg/L, and the total number of Vibrio bacteria remained between 330 and 9700 cfu/mL. At the end of the experiment, the final average weight of individual shrimp was 13.43 g, and the average yield reached 12.92 kg/m3. The great improvement in growth performance marks a breakthrough in RAS technology of shrimp, and it supports the use of an innovative methodology for the retrofitting and utilization of idle sea cucumber nursery tanks.

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