scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi Sebagai Bioplastik Dengan Menggunakan Metode Perlakuan Pelarut Organik

METANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Adhi Setiawan ◽  
Febby Dwi Melanny Anggraini ◽  
Tarikh Azis Ramadani ◽  
Luqman Cahyono ◽  
Mochammad Choirul Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Solvent Treatment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Degradation Test ◽  
Transmission Test

Jerami padi memilki kandungan selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bioplastik dari bahan baku jerami padi menggunakan perlakuan pelarut organik serta menganalisis pengaruh rasio massa pati dengan selulosa karakteristik produk bioplastik. Proses delignifikasi jerami menggunakan larutan etanol 5% dan 35% pada suhu 80oC selama dua jam. Bioplastik dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa sebesar 1:0,5; 1:1; dan 1:1,5. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, uji tarik, uji transmisi uap, serta uji degradasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi menggunakan etanol menyebabkan peningkatan kadar selulosa serta kristalinitas jerami. Morfologi bioplastik menunjukkan permukaan yang tidak rata serta terdapat bagian matriks yang terpisah dengan fiber. Hasil TG-DTA menunjukkan pengurangan massa bioplastik sebesar 81,01% pada suhu 550oC. Hasil kuat tarik terbaik pada bioplastik yang dibuat dengan rasio massa pati dengan selulosa 1:0,5 pada konsentrasi delignifikasi etanol 35%. Nilai kuat tarik yang diperoleh sebesar 8,773 Mpa. Pengujian degradasi bioplastik dilakukan selama 10 hari diperoleh nilai % degradasi terbesar bioplastik adalah sebesar 99,9%. Rice straw contains cellulose which can be used as raw material for making bioplastics. This study aims to synthesize bioplastics from rice straw using organic solvent treatment and analyze the effect of the mass ratio of starch to cellulose on the characteristics of bioplastic products. The straw delignification process used 5% and 35% ethanol solution at 80oC for two hours. Bioplastics are made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose of 1:0.5; 1:1; and 1:1.5. Characterization using SEM, XRD, TG-DTA methods, tensile test, vapour transmission test, and degradation test. The results showed that the delignification process using ethanol caused an increase in cellulose content and straw crystallinity. The morphology of the bioplastic shows an uneven surface and there are parts of the matrix that are separated from the fiber. The results of TG-DTA showed a reduction the mass of bioplastic by 81.01% at a temperature of 550oC. The best tensile strength results in bioplastics made with a mass ratio of starch to cellulose 1:0.5 at a delignification concentration of 35% ethanol. The tensile strength value obtained was 8,773 Mpa. The bioplastic degradation test was carried out for 10 days and the largest percentage of bioplastic degradation was 99.9%.

scholarly journals The effect solvent type on natural fiber immersion process on tensile strength of cellulose-based bioplastic

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
A Pranata ◽  
H Nasution ◽  
H Harahap ◽  
A Yustira
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
A Value

Abstract Environmental pollution caused by the use of conventional plastics is increasing. This is due to the high use of conventional plastics and the difficulty of being degraded in nature. Several studies continue to be developed to make plastics that are easily degraded in nature, namely bioplastics. Bioplastic is a type of plastic made from renewable materials and can be decomposed in nature with the help of microorganisms. The manufacture of bioplastics is done by dissolving raw materials such as rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, cocoa husks, and tea waste into various solvents, namely trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), N, N-dimethylformamine (DMF), trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAn), and citric acid. The resulting bioplastics were analyzed for tensile strength and elongation at break. The results showed that the use of rice straw as a raw material in the manufacture of bioplastics showed good results where the composition of the high cellulose content of rice straw was 61.8% and the tensile strength that had met SNI was 43 MPa using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a solvent. However, a good elongation at break was produced by cocoa husks with a value of 28% using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAn) as solvents.

scholarly journals Study of tensile strength and morphology of polyester matrix composite materials reinforced Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder as raw material of rear bumper vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 085-090
Author(s):  
Sujita Darmo Darmo ◽  
Rudy Sutanto Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibrous Composite ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
The Matrix

Fibrous composite materials continue to be researched and developed with the long-term goal of becoming an alternative to metal substitutes. Due to the nature of the fiber reinforced composite material, its high tensile strength, and low density compared to metal. In general, the composition of the composite consists of reinforcing fibers and a matrix as the binding material. The potential of natural fibers as a reinforcing composite material is still being developed and investigated. The research that has been done aims to determine the characteristics of the tensile strength of the composite strengthened with Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder (HTBP) with alkaline NaOH and KOH treatment. The reinforcing material used is HTBP and the matrix is polyester resin, with volume fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% with an alkaline treatment of 5% NaOH and 5% KOH with immersion for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours. Tensile testing specimens and procedures refer to ASTM D3039 standard. The results of this study showed the highest tensile strength of 34.96 MPa in the alkaline treatment of 5% KOH, soaking time of 8 hours with a volume fraction of 10% and the lowest tensile strength of 21.96 MPa of 5% KOH alkaline treatment, soaking time of 6 hours with a volume fraction of 20%. .with 10% volume fraction of 34.96 MPa and the lowest tensile strength was 5% KOH alkaline treatment at 6 hours immersion with 20% volume fraction.

Preparation and Performance of CGFS Reinforced PVA/RSP Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Chuan Bao Wu ◽  
Xian Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Material

Application of chopped glass fiber strand (CGFS) in rice straw based composite was studied and the reinforcing effect of CGFS was evaluated. Rice straw powder (RSP) was used as main material and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was selected as adhesive agent. Composites were prepared by hot-pressing method at 10 MPa pressure, 140 °C for 10 min, with the mass ratio of RSP to PVA of 4:3. Results showed that the tensile strength of the composites first increased and then decreased with increasing CGFS amount. When the mass ratio of CGFS to RSP was 7:15, the composite reached its maximum strength of 20.47 MPa. CGFS showed obvious reinforcing effect. Strength at tensile break showed similar change law and tensile strength equaled to or was slightly higher than the strength at tensile break. The tensile elongations of all composites with CGFS were higher than 20%, proving the toughening role of CGFS. The hardness of composites showed certain non-uniformity and lay between 87 and 96. Negligible difference existed in every composite.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VOLUME LIMBAH SERBUK KAYU JATI (TECTONA GRANDIS) TERHADAP DAYA SERAP AIR PADA KOMPOSIT PARTIKEL DENGAN MATRIKS EPOKSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Rita Desiasni ◽  
Rico Chandra ◽  
Fauzi Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
A Company

The furniture industry is a company that utilizes forest products in the form of wood as the main raw material in the production process. The wood used by the furniture industry in Indonesia reaches 2.6 million m3 per year. The waste generated reached 54.24% of the total production. Sawmill waste generated as much as 1.4 million m3 per year. Based on field observations in several furniture industries in the Sumbawa Region, most industries produce sawdust waste that has not been used optimally, so that sawdust waste accumulates in the soil and decomposes which can trigger environmental pollution and water pollution. Teak sawdust waste has a high cellulose content so it plays an important role as a reinforcement raw material in the manufacture of particle composites. In this study using the hand lay up method of making composite particles by utilizing waste teak sawdust as raw material for reinforcement and epoxy matrix with volume variations of 30:70%, 40:60%, 50:50%, 60:40%, 70:30. %, to obtain quality composite characteristics. Water absorption obtained 14%, each composite specimen has met the standard of SNI 03-2105-2006. The results of physical tests on the water absorption of particleboard composites were the lowest at 0.48% at 30% powder volume with 24 hours immersion due to the wood powder being mixed and bonded evenly by the matrix so as to reduce voids, while the highest yield was 9.41% in 70% volume is due to the matrix not being able to bind evenly, causing voids to occur. It can be concluded that the increasing volume of powder and the length of time of immersion, the greater the percentage value of water absorption produced.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pretreatment Secara Alkalisasi-Resistive Heating terhadap Kandungan Lignoselulosa Jerami Padi

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Dewi Maya Maharani ◽  
Lisa Normalasari ◽  
Dianita Kumalasari ◽  
Chandra Ardin Hersandi Prakoso ◽  
Mutiara Kusumaningtyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Combine Method ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Resistive Heating

Cellulose is a potential biomass that is used for bioethanol production and commonly present in agricultural residues like rice straw. Cellulose is an important material to produce glucose and bioethanol, but it is covered by lignin and hemicellulose bonds to form a lignocellulose.  Bioethanol production using basic material containing cellulose requires special attention in the process of pretreatment for lignin degradation process and increase the accessible surface and decrystallize cellulose. The aim of this research was to apply alkalization and resistive heating combine method for rice straw pretreatment process before further being converted into bioethanol and to determine the effects of heating temperature and NaOH concentration on the content of  lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The reactor had been designed for resistive heating process. Rice straw that was resized into 100 mesh has dissolved with 0.03 M, 0.05 M, and 0.07 M NaOH and heated with resistive heating temperature of 75 oC, 85 oC, and 99 oC. Cellulose is a raw material that will be further converted into glucose. So that, the selected optimum conditions of this study were  pretreatment with the highest increase of cellulose content level until 8.88% and resulted decreasing levels of lignin (1.39%) and hemicellulose (4.33%) by temperature  75 oC and 0.07 M NaOH concentration. Resistive heating that combine with alkalization can be used for rice straw pretreatment process that reduce lignin and hemicellulose content as well as increasing cellulose content. ABSTRAKSelulosa merupakan biomassa yang potensial digunakan untuk produksi bioetanol dan banyak ditemukan di residu pertanian seperti jerami padi. Selulosa merupakan material penting yang dapat dikonversi menjadi glukosa kemudian dikonversi menjadi bioetanol, namun selulosa pada alam dilapisi oleh ikatan lignin dan hemiselulosa menjadi lignoselulosa. Pembuatan bioetanol berbasis selulosa membutuhkan proses pretreatment yang berfungsi untuk mendegradasi ikatan lignin, meningkatkan luas permukaan biomassa dan dekristalisasi selulosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh alkalisasi resistive heating pada proses pretreatment jerami padi sebelum dikonversi lebih lanjut menjadi bioetanol dan mengetahui pengaruh suhu pemanasan serta konsentrasi NaOH selama pretreatment terhadap perubahan kandungan lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Sebelum dilakukan penelitian dilakukan perancangan reaktor resistive heating. Jerami padi ukuran 100 mesh dilarutkan pada larutan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,03 M, 0,05 M, dan 0,07 M, selanjutnya dipanaskan pada reaktor resistive heating dengan variasi suhu pemanasan 75 oC, 85 oC, dan 99 oC. Selulosa merupakan senyawa yang akan dikonversi lebih lanjut menjadi glukosa. Sehingga pada penelitian ini dipilih kondisi optimum berdasarkan peningkatan selulosa tertinggi hingga 8,88% serta penurunan lignin dan hemiselulosa sebesar 1,39% dan 4,33% pada perlakuan suhu pemanasan 75 oC dan konsentrasi NaOH 0,07 M. Alkalisasi resistive heating dapat diterapkan pada pretreatment jerami padi karena dapat mengurangi kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa serta meningkatkan kandungan selulosa.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan CMC (Carboximetil Cellulose)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
RIZKA NURLAILA
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
High Cellulose

Rice straw is a waste from rice plants that contains 37.71% cellulose, 21.99% hemicellulose, and 16.62% lignin. High cellulose content in rice straw can be used as raw material for the manufacture of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a cellulose derivative widely used in food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic products industries as a thickener, stabilizer of emulsions, or suspensions and bonding. This study aims to process rice straw waste into CMC with variations in sodium monochloroacetate of 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The method used in this research is by synthesis using 15% NaOH solvent, with a reaction time of 3.5 hours and 5 grams of rice straw. The results showed that the best CMC was obtained at a concentration of 9 grams of sodium monochloroacete with a yield characterization of 94%, pH 6, water content of 13.39%, degree of substitution (Ds) of 0.80, and viscosity of 1.265 cP.

Trial-Preparation of RSS Based Composite Containing GF

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Chuan Bao Wu ◽  
Xiang Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mass Ratio

In order to explore the enhancing method of rice straw based composites, glass fiber (GF) was introduced into the preparation of composites of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and rice straw slice (RSS). The tensile performances and hardness of composites were characterized. Results showed that GF had obvious enhancing role on PVA/RSS composites. The tensile strength of the composites first increased and then decreased with increasing GF amount. When the mass ratio of RSS, PVA and GF was 20:15:7, the composite reached its maximum strength of 23.45 MPa, which increased by 1.49 times compared to the composites without GF. The strength at tensile break of composites increased with the increase of GF amount. The maximum of strength at tensile break was 23.12 MPa when GF amount was 9 g. The stretch of composites first increased and then decreased with increasing GF amount. The addition of GF had no effect on the hardness of composites.

Preparation and Properties of Silicone Modified Epoxy Resin, Nano-TiO2 and Nano-TiO2/Micron-Al2O3 Polymer Alloys Putty

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 3009-3013
Author(s):  
Ming Qiu Wang ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Hai Ping Cui ◽  
Shi Guo Du
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Friction Mechanism ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Modified Epoxy ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics

The epoxy resin-based polymer alloys putty modified by using silicone/nano-TiO2/MoS2micron-particles and nm-TiO2/μm-Al2O3composite particles were prepared at room temperature. Properties including hardness, friction and wear characteristics are analyzed by means of pin-on-disk testers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the influences of contents of organic silicone on the matrix were investigated via measuring the tensile strength and elongation, thermal stability and microstructure of the cured materials. The results showed that the tensile strength of the cured materials(mass ratio of epoxy resin to TSR144 is 1:1) is 59.12 MPa, elongation = 12.40%, and temperature of 50% weight loss is 414°C, higher than those of pure epoxy resin by 10.58 MPa, 5.59%, and 24°C respectively. Finally, its friction mechanism has been preliminarily discussed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI PADA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN UJI DEGRADASI KOMPOSIT POLIPROPILENA BEKAS BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Fitriah Sari Nst ◽  
Harry Abrido S ◽  
Maulida
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Degradation Test ◽  
The Many ◽  
Better Than

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical properties and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the many types of produced composite is composite with powdered natural fiber. This study uses the former polypropylene matrix derived from former cup bottle cup and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with some ratios are 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties such as tensile strength, as well as the effect of degradation test on composite material former polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. Variation of composite degradation test were 10, 20 and 30 days, and immersion powder for 1 and 2 days. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the former polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The test results showed degradation soaking for 2 days has tensile strength values ​​higher than 1 day is equal to 29,023 MPa at 0 day, 28,835 MPa at 10 days, 26,762 MPa at 20 days and 25,361 MPa at 30 days.

Morphology of High-Performance Rigid-Rod Polymer Fibers and Molecular Composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
W.W. Adams ◽  
S. J. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Molecular Composites ◽  
Rigid Rod

Rigid-rod polymers such as PBO, poly(paraphenylene benzobisoxazole), Figure 1a, are now in commercial development for use as high-performance fibers and for reinforcement at the molecular level in molecular composites. Spinning of liquid crystalline polyphosphoric acid solutions of PBO, followed by washing, drying, and tension heat treatment produces fibers which have the following properties: density of 1.59 g/cm3; tensile strength of 820 kpsi; tensile modulus of 52 Mpsi; compressive strength of 50 kpsi; they are electrically insulating; they do not absorb moisture; and they are insensitive to radiation, including ultraviolet. Since the chain modulus of PBO is estimated to be 730 GPa, the high stiffness also affords the opportunity to reinforce a flexible coil polymer at the molecular level, in analogy to a chopped fiber reinforced composite. The objectives of the molecular composite concept are to eliminate the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the fiber and the matrix, as occurs in conventional composites, to eliminate the interface between the fiber and the matrix, and, hopefully, to obtain synergistic effects from the exceptional stiffness of the rigid-rod molecule. These expectations have been confirmed in the case of blending rigid-rod PBZT, poly(paraphenylene benzobisthiazole), Figure 1b, with stiff-chain ABPBI, poly 2,5(6) benzimidazole, Fig. 1c A film with 30% PBZT/70% ABPBI had tensile strength 190 kpsi and tensile modulus of 13 Mpsi when solution spun from a 3% methane sulfonic acid solution into a film. The modulus, as predicted by rule of mixtures, for a film with this composition and with planar isotropic orientation, should be 16 Mpsi. The experimental value is 80% of the theoretical value indicating that the concept of a molecular composite is valid.

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