scholarly journals Self-government in the political system of Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Robert Kmieciak
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Power Property ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Distribution Of Power

One of the greatest achievements in the process of political transformation in Poland involves the broad decentralization of the public authorities, where a larger number of independent entities with public competences exist alongside a single center. Decentralization is embodied by self-government, which has therefore become an important element of the democratic regime co-creating a network of links related to the distribution of power, property and resources across society. Undoubtedly, self-government which works in favor of citizens’ groups being organized as corporations contributes to the increased efficiency of public authorities in the territorial and special dimension. Based on this, self-government should be understood not as a unidimensional entity involved only in territorial relations. There is also special self-government, established according to different criteria, which plays an important role in the system of the representation of the interests of defined circles. It is divided into professional self-government and, first and foremost, business self-government. Importantly, self-governments should be approached from a slightly different angle – not only in the administrative and institutional context, but also from the point of view of the realization of the interests of organized social groups, that is in terms of governance, which can improve the functioning of local authorities, for instance as concerns the emergence of metropolitan areas. The harmonious development of all forms of self-government, irrespective of the type of bonds connecting its members, as well as the consolidation of participatory processes, is one of the prerequisites for a stable democratic regime.

scholarly journals What Does a Constitution Expect from Immigrants?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1641-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Volkmann
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Political System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Clear Idea

It is a long-established commonplace in any debate on immigration that immigrants should integrate into their receiving society. But integrate into what precisely? Into the labor market, into the legal order, into the political system, into a national culture whatever this might comprise? The Article tries to approach the question from the legal point of view and looks for hints or clues in the constitution which might help us with the answer. For this purpose, it explores the general theory of the constitution as it has been shaped by its professional interpreters as well as by political actors, the media and the public. The main intuition is that “constitution” is not only a written document, a text with a predefined, though maybe hidden meaning; instead, it is a social practice evolving over time and thereby reflecting the shared convictions of a political community of what is just and right. Talking about constitutional expectations toward immigrants then also tells us something about ourselves: about who we are and what kind of community we want to live in. As it turns out, we may not have a very clear idea of that.

Die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit des Staates und die Akzeptanz seiner Entscheidungen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Drefs
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Process ◽  
The University

Just as in the private sector, the public communication activities of state institutions have gained increased weight and significance in our media society. In contrast to the public relations of private institutions, however, the communications of public authorities are subject to severe constitutional restrictions. Promotional activities by state institutions can pose a serious threat to the free process of forming a political opinion in a democratic society. At the same time, public authorities are facing increased demands for transparency and increasing difficulties in gaining acceptance for their decisions, which has been underlined in particular by recent protest movements. Against this background, this thesis, which was supervised at the University of Frankfurt, analyses the informal communications of state institutions and public acceptance of their decisions from a constitutional point of view. It identifies the legal scope within which public institutions are justified in promoting their decisions by means of public communication activities.

scholarly journals Conflict and Sovereignty. The Debate between the United States and the European Union

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
Miłowit Kuniński ◽  
Clarinda Calma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western World ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Distribution Of Power

Certainly we are dealing with a profound and long-lasting crisis at the core of the Western World, caused by the fall of the communist system – as many have already pointed out – which changed the previous distribution of power and enabled a clearer and more open redefinition of the interests of its main political actors. This crisis will be characterized by irregular outbursts of aggressive activity, often far exceeding the norms of diplomatic correctness, by periods of collaborative effort, particularly if the West faces serious threats on a more global scale and has to deal with serious political games. It is certain that the main source of this present crisis is the rivalry that has been waged on various fronts between the US and the European Union. It can be therefore affirmed that, from the point of view of the logic of political transformation, the Union must aim toward an external sovereignty. This process will certainly be a long one, and will undoubtedly involve recurring frictions between the European Union and the United States. This will be the symptom of the process of building the sovereignty in opposition to a state whose legal and international sovereignty cannot be questioned, and whose practical sovereignty has been expressed in the active participation in the international arena for almost 200 years.

scholarly journals EWOLUCJA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI WŁADZY PUBLICZNEJ - OD WINY FUNKCJONOWANIA DO BEZPRAWNOŚCI NORMATYWNEJ

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Marek Safjan
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Made In

Evolution of Liability of Public Authorities - from Guilt of Functioning to Normative LawlessnessSummaryThe above discourse supports a general thesis that the approach to the principles behind the liability of public authorities is an important indicator of the democratic system, and for assessment of relations between public authorities and citizens. The evolution of these principles in the Polish law corresponds to the history of the evolution of the political system over the last few decades.Nevertheless, it appears that the last fundamental changes in the field of public liability pushing it towards greater objectiveness, still do not remove many significant questions and dilemmas, which are still waiting to be solved. A real antinomy between protection of individual interests, and the general interest becomes more and more acute. Thus, the need is and will be growing to find answers to the complicated problems of statutory unlawfulness. Without doubt, the existence in the legal system of constitutional courts is an important, may be even the most important factor and the point of reference for any analysis made in this field. Possibly, we are approaching a breakthrough in the field of liability of the public authorities. The need for an in-depth reflection over these issues becomes increasingly pressing.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF QUARANTINE TO POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS ANXIETY IN CHILDREN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THEIR PARENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Duha Badr AL-LAMY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Statistical Application ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to reveal the relationship of quarantine to post-traumatic anxiety in children, from the viewpoint of their parents, By conducting an applied study on a selected sample of (400) children from Baghdad governorate, who are less than seven years old. The researcher used the descriptive method, being the closest to discovering the relationship between the research variables, as well as using the statistical application (SPSS) in the practical side of the research to analyze the questionnaire data prepared by the researcher for the purpose of answering it by the families of the children, the research sample. The post-traumatic anxiety scale prepared by the researcher included (18) questions about the effects caused by the quarantine imposed by the public authorities in Iraq to limit the spread of the new Corona virus on the mental health of the children studied, As well as finding statistically significant differences in post-traumatic anxiety among children, the research sample, according to the gender variable (male - female), if any. The researcher concluded that the research sample children suffer from post-traumatic anxiety as a result of the quarantine imposed to limit the spread of the new Corona virus, from the point of view of their parents. and the researcher also concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between the children studied according to the variable (Gender) as a result of their exposure to trauma.

scholarly journals Axiological Aspects of State Control and Supervision

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Saniat Agamagomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
State Control ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Subject

The subject of research is state control and supervision from the point of view of axiological approaches. The first level of the latter makes it possible to determine value of state control and supervision as administrative forms; the second level forms variants of theoretical and legal substantiation of the correlation between the control and supervisory activities of the state and the totality of values protected by law. The aim of the article is to propose methodological techniques for determining the value of state control and supervision, which is understood as the importance of these institutions in the public administration system as a whole in the context of the possibility of using other administrative forms to achieve regulatory goals. The value of the control and supervisory activities of the state is substantiated from the point of view of the possibility of replacing state control and supervision with other regulatory mechanisms within the framework of deregulation processes (horizontal approach), as well as taking into account previous development of these administrative forms (evolutionary approach). Value of state control and supervision is seen as the ability to ensure the protection of legally protected values with minimal interference of public authorities in controlled activities. Value of the considered management forms is substantiated using the category of deregulation, which is understood as: process of development of a certain sphere of social relations; process of delegating state powers; trends to expanding the freedom of subjects, transition to “soft” regulation; process of reducing and simplifying administrative procedures (procedural deregulation). Determination of the value of state control and supervision is associated with the justification of the possibility of replacing these management forms with others in relation to a certain area of regulation, which determines a specific ratio of various management forms and mechanisms. From the point of view of evolutionary approach, value of state control and supervision is determined by the previous development of these administrative forms in the system of state power. Within the framework of the theoretical and legal substantiation of the category “values protected by law” in the system of state control and supervision, a variety of positions are highlighted. As a conclusion, a modern formula is proposed: state control and supervision — socially significant results — mandatory requirements — values protected by law.

The Management of Sports Activities within a Fitness Center

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Irene Teodora Nica ◽  
Puiu Anatolie Budevici
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Synthetic Image ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
Made In

The study objective is to closely observe the evolution or involution of the disciplines within thefitness center, with the purpose of later intervening in improving its image as well as the quality of the services provided, in order to satisfy the expectations of the clients. The data collected and then interpreted were graphically represented by a synthetic image of the main values considered. Also, the data obtained from the comparisons between the resulting values were analyzed and interpreted. The present study consists in carrying out an analysis as objective as possible from the point of view of the interactions between people, within a fitness center. The objective is to closely monitor the relationships between the departments, the management of the fitness center and the employees within the company, but also in relation to the public authorities and other partner companies. The human factor is currently the strategic element on which the good conduct of business activities depends. Satisfaction in work can be obtained by recognizing the merits, the possibility of promotion, obtaining special achievements, possibilities of professional progress, following the improvement of working conditions, carrying out an evaluation of the strengths and the defects already existing. All these steps are made in order to obtain continuous progress.

scholarly journals Institutional design and regime effectiveness in transboundary river management – the Elbe water quality regime

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dombrowsky
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
River Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Regime Effectiveness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Joint Identification

Abstract. The literature on transboundary river management suggests that institutions play an important role in bringing about cooperation. However, knowledge about how such institutions should be designed in order to do so remains limited. One way to learn more about adequate institutional design is to assess the effectiveness of existing regimes, and to trace the causal relationships that lead to the respective outcomes. In order to gain further insights into the relationship between institutional design and regime effectiveness, this paper presents a study on the water quality regime of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe (ICPE). The analysis is based on a review of pertinent documents and ten qualitative interviews with Czech and German Commission members and NGO representatives. Particular emphasis has been put on determining the ICPE's specific contribution and the no-regime counterfactual as well as on the perceived expediency of the institutional arrangements. The study shows overall that the countries were relatively successful in improving water quality in the Elbe basin. However, this outcome can only partly be attributed to the ICPE itself. Furthermore, the ICPE's contribution towards achieving the various goals varied significantly between the different areas of activity: it was relatively significant where the main responsibility for action lay with the public authorities, such as in the area of wastewater treatment and the establishment of an international alarm plan and model, but was practically non-existent in the reduction of non-point pollution from agriculture, where success depended on the behavior of individual private actors (farmers). The commission contributed towards problem solving by serving as a forum for the joint identification of priorities for action from a basin-wide perspective. The resulting international obligations increased the power of national water administrations and their access to funds. At the same time, the Commission's reporting to the public served as an enforcement mechanism. From a methodological point of view, the paper highlights the opportunities and limitations of a combined quantitative and qualitative approach to determining regime effectiveness.

scholarly journals Formation of Internal Financial Control and Internal Financial Audit in the System of Executive Authorities

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ogorodnikov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Current Representation

The article provides the history of the formation and organization of financial control and audit from Ancient Greece to modern Russia. The current representation of the concepts of «internal financial control» and «internal financial audit» are determined. The formation of internal financial control and audit in the context of the importance of the management of social and economic development is considered. The article points out the validity and effectiveness of internal financial control and audit in the system of executive authorities. The author describes the interrelation between the availability of internal financial control and audit in the financial and budgetary sphere and the effectiveness of solving social and economic tasks of the public sector of the economy. The article also provides the authors opinion about the classification of responsibilities for the implementation of internal financial control of executive authorities. The article describes the methods of internal financial control and audit that are presented by author as a range of financial procedures in the field of budgetary and financial and economic planning. The internal financial control and audit as one of the most important management functions that is carried out at all levels of subordination is a system of observations and checks of the correct functioning of the public authority in the process of implementation of taken decisions. The author also gives an idea of the current methods of conducting internal financial audit in the system of executive authorities. The article also presents the authors point of view about the concept of internal financial control and internal financial audit in public authorities.

scholarly journals The Croatian issue and the evolution of the political system in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the stabilization period (1995–2004)

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-206
Author(s):  
Denis P. Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Election Law ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Stabilization Period

The article is devoted to the evolution of the state-legal position of the Bosnian Croats in the context of the political transformation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, caused by the gradual revision of the Dayton Accords. From the author’s point of view, originally the political system of the postwar BiH was a compromise option between the Vance–Owen and the Owen–Stoltenberg peace plans, which did not fully satisfy any of the main national communities in BiH. The Bosnian Croats, as the smallest constituent people, did not get their own entity, although at the beginning of the ethno-civil confrontation in BiH the Bosnian Croats raised the question of national equality and the federalization of the country. Special attention in the article has been paid to the institution of the international oversight, which has limited the sovereignty of BiH — the Office of the High Representative. The author details the amending of the election law as well as the process of the constitutional reformation, initiated by the High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch, and demonstrates that the centralization policy in BiH is pursued by external, supranational organizations in order to integrate BiH into euro-atlantic structures to the disadvantage of the Bosnian Croat political interests. As a result of the reforms FBiH, formally the Entity of Croats and Muslims, de facto was put under control of Bosnian Muslims.

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