scholarly journals BABA, ŻABA I KROWA, CZYLI ROZWAŻANIA O TYM, JAK DAWNE SĄ LUDOWE WIERZENIA O ŻABIE WYSYSAJĄCEJ MLEKO KROWIE

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
KRZYSZTOF TOMASZ WITCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Common Toad ◽  
Venomous Snake ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Grass Snake

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the archaic status of the Polish folk beliefs about certain amphibians (frogs, toads) and reptiles (snakes, lizards, salamanders) believed to have sucked milk from cows. Some Polish peasants were even convinced that milk cows loved suckers (esp. snakes, frogs) more than their calves. There are many folk tales where a witch or a mythical creature assumes the form of a armful animal to suck cow’s milk. The author demonstrates that the oldest part of these beliefs can be traced to the Proto-Indo-European cultural heritage. In fact, some Indo-European languages have preserved a clear indication of animal cow-suckers in their vocabulary, e.g. Ukr. молокосúс m. ‘lizard, salamander’ (literally ‘milk-sucker’); Lith. žaltỹs, žalktỹs m. ‘a not-venomous snake, esp. the grass snake, the slow worm’, Latv. zalktis, zaltis m. ‘snake’, Latg. zalkts m. ‘the grass snake’ (< PIE. *ĝolh2ktii̯os adj. ‘delighting in milk’ < PIE. *ĝl̥h2kt- n. ‘milk’); OInd. gōdhā́- f. ‘a big lizard’ (< PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯-dheh1- f. ‘a cow-sucker’, cf. PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯s f. ‘cow’ and *dheh1- ‘to suck’); Lat. būfō m. ‘a toad’ (< PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯-dhh1-ōn- m. ‘a cowsucker’); Alb. thithëlopë, also blloçkëlopë f. ‘common toad’ (literally ‘sucking/ chewing cows’); Hitt. akuu̯akuu̯aš c. ‘a toad’ (literally ‘sucking cows’, cf. Hitt. aku- ‘to drink’). It is assumed that the Indo-European beliefs were associated with breeding of cattle and were an attempt at a rational (or not) explanation of the alleged cause of poor lactation or cows’ milk loss. It is likely that the ailing animal was perceived as possessed by a demonic character, although the association of an animal with a witch or a devil was made relatively late and probably under the influence of beliefs from Western Europe.

The European identity formation in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Larysa Kovryk-Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
European Integration ◽  
European Community ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
European Identity ◽  
European Values

Every nation is quite diverse in terms of his historical destiny, spiritual priorities, and cultural heritage. However, voluntary European integration, which is the final aim of political integration that began in the second half of the twentieth century from Western Europe, provided for an availability of large number of characteristics in common in political cultures of their societies. Therefore, Ukraine needs to find some common determinants that can create inextricable relationship between the European Community and Ukraine. Although Ukrainian culture is an intercultural weave of two East macrocivilizations, according to the author, Ukraine tends to Western-style society with its openness, democracy, tolerance, which constitute the basic values of Europeans. Keywords: Identity, collective identity, European values, European integration

scholarly journals The framing of the Jewish pogroms upon the Ukrainian terrains via a prism of the Ukrainian foreign-language press in Europe (1919―1920s)

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhiy Blavatskyy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
The West ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time ◽  
West European

It has been attempted to make an empirical study of the framing of the Jewish pogroms upon the Ukrainian terrains in 1919 in the Ukrainian press in the West European languages in Europe (1919―1920s). For the first time, in the communication and media studies discourses, there have been elicited new, previously unknown, findings of specificity of the framing of the Jewish pogroms in the Ukrainian foreignlanguage periodicals. Those were: «Bulletiner fra det Ukrainske Pressburo» (Copenhagen, 1919—1920s), «La Voce dell “Ucraina”» (Roma, 1919—1920s), «The Ukraine» (London, 1919—1920s), «Bureau Ukrai nien de Presse: Bulletin d’Informations» (Paris, 1919—1920s), «France et Ukraine» (Paris, 1920), «L’Europe Orientale» (Paris, 1919—1920s), «Die Ukraine» (Berlin, 1918—1926s). First, it has been elucidated that the «attribution of responsibility» frame was dominant in the content of the Ukrainian foreign-language press in Western Europe. Second, the conclusion about dialectic of the frames of «attribution of responsibility» and «morality» in the coverage of the Jewish pogroms upon the Ukrainian terrains has been made. In this regard, we conclude that the «morality» frame was connected with the internationalization of this problematic in the geopolitical discourse of international relations of the postwar period. On the contrary, the frame of «attribution of responsibility» was linked to localization of the Jewish question in the multilateral conflict on the Ukrainian territories in 1919. The main conclusion of this paper is that the coverage of the Jewish pogroms in the Ukrainian foreign-language press in Europe was made primarily in counterpropaganda purposes. The follow-up studies are to make a comparative study of the stereotypes about Jews’ perception in the Ukrainian-language press both in Ukraine and abroad (in Europe or the USA), as well as in the West European and American press of the Ukrainian Revolution period (1917―1921s). Thus, these future studies will either refute or confirm the validity of the findings and conclusions of this research. Keywords: framing, the Jewish pogroms, the Ukrainian terrains, the foreign-language press, Europe.

Adder-bite in britain

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Keyword(s):  
Pasteur Institute ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Venomous Snake ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Vipera Berus ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Grass Snake ◽  
Adder Bite

The adder, Vipera berus, is a short grey snake with bold black V-shaped marks on its back, and is the only venomous snake found in Britain. In England and Wales the adder may be confused with the larger but venomless grass snake; Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are snake-free. Imported foreign venomous snakes are sometimes mistaken for adders; their bites usually require different treatment. Adders may abound in rocky or dry country, but are sometimes seen in residential areas. If disturbed, an adder may bite with its twin hollow fangs, from which the venom flows. The Ministry of Health no longer lists envenomation separately as a cause of admission to hospital, but Morton1 saw 18 cases during 8 years as an area pathologist in Cornwall and Walker2 recorded 50 cases and 7 deaths up to 1945. In 1961 about 400 requests for Pasteur Institute antivenom were made.3

Peace and palaver: international relations in pre-colonial West Africa

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Smith
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
International Relations ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
West African ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Facilitated Communication ◽  
European Languages ◽  
European Diplomacy

International relations in pre-colonial West Africa were conducted in accordance with customary law, which exhibited broadly similar characteristics over a wide area. Trade and politics, linking the coast, the forest and the savannah, led to the development of diplomacy in the more centrally-organized states. Inter-African embassies enjoyed a degree of prestige and immunity comparable to that which protected European diplomacy, and a widely accepted protocol regulated negotiations. Treaties were concluded solemnly and sanctions were provided for their observance. Embassies were also sent to Europe and adjacent European possessions and settlements, North Africa and the Near East, and were generally received on a proper footing.The indigenous system of international relations was affected by two major external influences. The first, that of Islam, notably contributed literacy, and led in the Islamized states and in Ashanti to the evolution of chanceries. It also introduced the distinction in international law and practice between Muslims and non-Muslims. The Muslim states exchanged embassies, Bornu, for example, maintaining intermittent relations with North Africa and Istanbul for three centuries. The second influence, that of Western Europe, spread the knowledge of European languages which, like Arabic, facilitated communication between West Africans themselves as well as with outsiders. The development of the resident embassy in sixteenth-century Europe was apparently not reflected in West Africa until the nineteenth century, but approximations to the system of continuous diplomacy did arise, probably independently. Diplomatic relations with both Muslims and Europeans tended to increase the influence in West African politics and society of the literate élite.The indigenous system of international relations in West Africa was flexible and effective, and it seems that it was not so much diplomatic as military incapacity which allowed the Muslims to overthrow governments there and the Europeans to partition the region.

scholarly journals KONZEPT „EUROPA“ AN DER SCHWELLE ZWEIER JAHRTAUSENDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Nataliia Lysetska
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Temporal Space

The article deals with the analysis of the concept „Europa“ and its interpretation by the speakers of German linguistic culture at the turn of the two millennia. The semantic content of the concept „Europa“ was explored on the basis of Internet sources for identifying dominant and systemic relationships within this concept; the evolutionary process of forming the concept „Europa“ is shown as a fragment of the conceptual picture of the world; the concept „Europa“ of the XX century is discussed on the basis of the book by the ex-Chancellor of Germany G.Schmidt „Die Deutschen und ihre Nachbarn. Menschen und Mächte II“; the functioning of the concept „Europa“ in the modern German-language mass media is analyzed. The analysis of the factual material has revealed that the concept „Europa“ in German-speaking linguistic culture has multiple meanings. The three-dimensional structure of the concept – notional, figurative and evaluative – changes and acquires new meaningful shades over different historical intervals. The evolutionary dynamics of the chosen concept within the defined temporal space are as follows: EUROPA – a spiritual and multinational unity (where Christianity and European languages ​​are decisive), united Europe, common Europe / ein einheitliches Europa, Gesamteuropa, new united Europe / das vereinte neue Europa, split Europe / gespaltetes Europa (notional component); Europe is a kaleidoscope / Europa ist ein Kaleidoskop, Europe is a fortress / Festung Europa, Europe in danger / Europa in Gefahr (figurative component); unity with a democratic state form and a high standard of living with the rule of law (Western Europe) / ein Ganzes mit demokratischer Staatsform und hohem Lebensstandard, in dem Menschenrechte verwirklicht warden (Westeuropa), multinational Europe / multikulturelles Europa, disoriented Europe / desorientiertes Europa (evaluative component). It is proved that the meaning of the concept „Europa“ can be fully revealed only by taking into account and combining a number of factors (historical, geographical, economic, cultural, religious, political, social, etc)., taking into account their evolutionary dynamics in the past and at the present stage of development.

scholarly journals Syntactic change in an immigrant language: from non-finite to finite subordinate clauses in Turkish

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Onar Valk ◽  
Ad Backus
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
European Languages ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Speech Structures ◽  
Immigrant Language

While Turkish immigrants in Western Europe orient themselves to the norms of Standard Turkish, their Turkish is constantly being influenced by the European language they also speak. As a result of language contact, slowly but surely, new varieties of Turkish seem to be evolving, exhibiting loss of certain features and/or borrowing of words and structures taken from European languages. In this article, the focus is on Immigrant Turkish in the Netherlands, particularly on how it forms subordinate clauses. We compare data from the Netherlands and Turkey, with the data coming from two sources: spontaneous conversation and a sentence recall task. The main finding that both data sources converge on is that Dutch Turkish speakers clearly prefer to use finite subordinate clauses, especially in reported speech structures, and that this is a clear influence from Dutch. In Turkey, subordination is predominantly non-finite. The findings are interpreted in a usage-based perspective on contact-induced change.

scholarly journals Pastoral Stone Enclosures as Biological Cultural Heritage: Galician and Cornish Examples of Community Conservation

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Grove ◽  
Joám Evans Pim ◽  
Miguel Serrano ◽  
Diego Cidrás ◽  
Heather Viles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Community Conservation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Biocultural Heritage ◽  
Biocultural Value

The role and importance of a built structure are closely related to the surrounding area, with interest in a given area having a concomitant effect on the relevance given to the constructions it may hold. Heritage interest in landscape areas has grown in recent times leading to a sound valorisation process. This connects with the recent concept of biological cultural heritage (BCH), or biocultural heritage (definition still in process), that can be understood as domesticated landscapes resulting from long-term biological and social relationships. Although pastoral enclosures (in large part dry-stone walling, whose construction has been recognised by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity since 2018) arise as traditional rural constructions linked with a way of life already disappearing, engaged local communities are recovering their biocultural value in terms of identity and positive conservation outcomes. In this sense, this article focuses on valuing traditional stone-built pastoral enclosures in two locations on the Atlantic coast of western Europe: Frojám (NW Iberian Peninsula) and Ladydown Moor (SW England). Findings concerning plant communities related to current or ancient pastoralism, and artefacts of built heritage are described, and an emphasis is placed on community engagement as a mechanism for conservation. The resilience of species-rich grassland communities is identified as a manifestation of biocultural heritage and an opportunity for habitat restoration. Finally, current trends and improvements in understanding of biological heritage and community conservation are addressed.

Mathematics as a cultural heritage

1961 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
William L. Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
And Mathematics

Broadly speaking1 major cultures can be identified, at least in part, by certain outstanding characteristics. Thus, Babylonia and Egypt were steeped in mysticism and sensuality; the Greeks were preoccupied with ideas and ideals; the Romans, with politics, military prowess, and conquest. The culture of Western Europe from 600 A.D. to 1100 A.D. was expressed largely by its theology. From 1200 to 1800 it was the exploration of nature and the beginnings of science that marked the essence of the period. The spirit of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, unless it is too early to judge in proper perspective, is typified by man's increasing mastery over his physical environment. This is evidenced not only by the general achievements of science and technology, but also by unprecedented industrial production, effective mass communication, and increasing automation. The creative language of the culture of today is science, and mathematics is the alphabet of science.

scholarly journals Perancangan Buku Interaktif Cerita Rakyat Lombok “Monyeh”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Mirnayati Mirnayati ◽  
I Nyoman Yoga Sumadewa
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
New Media ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Media Choice ◽  
Cultural Wealth ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
Interactive Book

Folklore is an oral cultural heritage that needs to be preserved because folklore is part of the cultural wealth of Nusantara.  However, the lack of publications makes many folk tales still unknown to the public, especially children.  One of the folk tales that are less well known to the public is the folklore from Lombok entitled monyeh.  So it is necessary to have a publication media to introduce this folklore, one of which is through interactive books that can attract children to read, so they do not get bored while reading and are more informative.This interactive book of monyeh folk tales is designed using the design thinking method to get the right problem-solving solution in designing.  There are two media in the design, namely the primary media of interactive folklore books, monyeh and secondary media, namely x-banners and merchandise.  By designing this interactive book, it is hoped that it can become a new media choice to introduce the Lombok Monyeh folklore.

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