Integrated Dairy Plant Effluent Treatment and Production of Biomass and Lipids using Micro Algae - "Chlorella vulgaris"

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathiraja Balasubramaniyan ◽  
Jayamuthunagai Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Pure Strain ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
High Lipid

Abstract Algal biomass is a potentially inexpensive source of energy which has high lipid content. As India is the Asia’s largest milk producing country (104.8 million tons in the year 2008), the milk production terminates with an effluent production of 5.24% of the total milk produced i.e., 20 million tons of dairy waste is produced. This effluent can be broken down in many ways, but a more economical way is broken down by the growth of the algal species Chlorella vulgaris which results in the tremendous reduction in various toxic salts concentration and other complex chemicals. As the dairy effluent is hostile to the natural environment, the algae is used not only to break down the toxic substances but also to produce Biomass, which is produced at a rate of 17g/l, which contains a lipid content of 30% ( from 1:1 ratio of effluent and water). Also the treated effluent has low chemical oxygen demand [COD], hence this can be used for irrigation of farms mainly those which are heavily fed with chemical fertilizers. The biosynthesis of organics salts, alkanoates [PHAs] and other phenolic compounds, involves algal species the process is secured by using i) large inoculums ii) tolerant strain (pure strain or GM, if available). This research work uses the pure strain of Chlorella vulgaris which involves the treatment of effluent with three different dilutions and analyzing them.

scholarly journals Rubber Processing Effluent Treatment with Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer in Comparison with a Synthetic Coagulant

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie O. Ize-Iyamua ◽  
Hilary I. Ifijen ◽  
Osaro K. Ize-Iyamu ◽  
Justina E. Ukpebor ◽  
Emmanuel E. Ukpebor
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Physico Chemical

Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer extracted from prawn heads was used in the treatment of crump rubber processing effluent for safe disposal into the environment. The triplicate analyses of the effluent samples obtained by composite sampling method indicated high levels of pollution which violated the permissible limits of environmental discharge standards; with a low DO of 0.63mg/L, BOD, 312.00±1.32mg/L and COD, 1069.58±2.42mg/L (mean±SD) respectively. Chitosan was analyzed according to standard procedures; it showed good coagulative potentials from the elemental analysis and a degree of deacetylation of 76.5%. The crump rubber processing effluent was treated with chitosan and Iron (III) Chloride respectively by coagulation and flocculation method and the results obtained via the physico-chemical characterization of the treated effluent showed that the use of chitosan as a coagulant compared favourably with Iron (III) Chloride after treatment. DO levels increased from 0.63mg/L to 3.90 mg/L. There were also remarkable reduction in the Turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels of the treated samples by over 80% respectively and 70% reduction in the nutrient levels. The efficacy of chitosan in comparison with Iron (III) Chloride suggests that it can be used as a replacement for synthetic coagulants based on its availability and environmental friendliness.

Use of talc for filamentous bulking control in effluent treatment plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Hygor Aristides Victor Rossoni ◽  
Cláudio Mudado Silva ◽  
Cláudio Arcanjo Sousa ◽  
Fabyano Fonseca e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Filamentous Bulking ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration

One of the main existing operational problems in activated sludge effluent treatment processes is the poor sedimentation of the biological sludge in the secondary clarifiers. This poor settleability of the sludge is, generally, associated with excessive growth of filamentous bacteria in the bioreactor causing sludge filamentous bulking. In Brazil, many pulp and paper mills have faced problems related to sludge filamentous bulking in their effluent treatment plants experiencing a significant reduction in COD and BOD removal efficiency and a loss of suspended solids in the treated effluent. The addition of talc to increase floc density for the control of filamentous bulking has been studied. The objective of this study was to test the use of talc for the control of filamentous bulking. The bio-sludge used was obtained from a recycling paper mill and had an abundance of filamentous bacteria Type 021N. The experiment consisted of five bioreactors operating batch wise with sludge age of ten days. Different talc applications were used: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in relation to the total suspended solids in the aeration tank. The following analyses were carried out to monitor the system: suspended solids, sludge volumetric index (SVI) and chemical oxygen demand. Successive additions of talc contributed for the reduction of IVL. Dosages of 75% and 100% showed to be most efficient to improve settleability of the sludge. The presence of talc did not interfere with biological activity of the sludge. However, it was observed an increase of the total suspended solid concentration in the aeration tank. The addition of talc had a temporary effect on sludge settleability, so it was necessary to add repeatedly talc in the reactor in order to maintain a low sludge volumetric index.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Relationship between Bacteria Growth and Lipid Production Cultivating of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in Seafood Wastewater

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Dong Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Duc Huy Nguyen ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Chih-Kai Chang ◽  
Hui Yi Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Algae biorefinery is gaining much attention for the sustainable production of value-added products (e.g., biofuels, protein supplements etc.) globally. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between lipid production and bacteria growth by an initial microalgae Chlorella vulgaris density culture in seafood wastewater effluent (SWE). According to our results, the initial C. vulgaris concentration in SWE influenced lipid accumulation. The concentration ranged from 25–35 mg·L−1 which corresponds to SWE’s chemical oxygen demand concentration of 365.67 ± 3.45 mg·L−1. A higher microalgae growth rate and lipid content of 32.15 ± 1.45% was successfully attained. A higher lipid content, approximately double, was observed when compared to the control (16.8 ± 0.5%). Moreover, this study demonstrates that bacteria inhibited microalgae growth as the initial cell density stepped over 35 mg·L−1, which also affected lipid accumulation. This study shows an optimal lipid accumulation attained at moderate Chlorella vulgaris density culture in SWE. Hence, wastewater treatment incorporating microalgae culture could be greatly developed in the future to achieve a greener environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the removal of total phosphorus from sanitary effluent by Chlorella vulgaris in a small batch photobioreactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Cabral Pereira ◽  
Amanda Isabelly Leite Figueiredo Nascimento ◽  
Yasmin Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Cristina Ferraz Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Effluent Treatment Plant ◽  
The Government

The search of the scientific community for efficient and cheap technologies for the treatment of wastewater in Brazil continues being a challenge, mainly in the effort to encourage the government, responsible for the application and proliferation of these technologies. The release of contaminated effluent without treatment in the aquatic bodies leads to the degradation of these environments, what requires the reuse of these waters, facing environmental sustainability. In this context, microalgae establish a promising alternative, once the main attribute of algae culture in wastewater is its ability to efficiently assimilate organic carbon and inorganic nutrients from wastewater to achieve a clean effluent with efficient nutrient removal, besides a biomass production, accumulation of lipids, which can be converted into biodiesel. Assuming the important role of photosynthetic CO2 fixation, which helps to mitigate the alarming effects of the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of the microalga Chlorela vulgaris in the removal of phosphorus from the sanitary sewage collected at the effluent treatment plant at Federal University of Sergipe using a small batch reactor. The results showed that the species Chlorella vulgaris were able to assimilate phosphorus and to remove organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) from the effluent. The results showed that photobioreactors using microalgae for the treatment of effluents is a promising technique and motivate additional studies, mainly due to their capability of adding value to the biomass generated during the treatment.

Novel industrial wastewater treatment integrated with recovery of water and salt under a zero liquid discharge concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sengodagounder Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Industrial Effluent Treatment

AbstractConventional industrial effluent treatment systems are designed to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) but not total dissolved solids (TDS), mainly contributed by chlorides. In addition to the removal of TDS, it is necessary to recover water for reuse to meet the challenges of shortage of quality water. To recover water, the wastewater needs to be further treated by adopting treatment systems including microfilters, low pressure membrane units such as ultrafiltration (UF), membrane bioreactors (MBR), etc., for the application of reverse osmosis (RO) systems. By adopting the RO system, 75%–80% of quality water with <500 mg/L of TDS is recovered from treated effluent. The management of 20%–25% of the saline water rejected from the RO system with high TDS concentration is being addressed by methods such as forced evaporation systems. The recovery of water from domestic and industrial waste for reuse has become a reality. The membrane system has been used for different applications. It has become mandatory to achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD) in many states in India and other countries such as Spain, China, etc., and resulted in development of new treatment technologies to suit the local conditions.

DYNAMIC MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRINTING WASTEWATER REUSE

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1943-1948
Author(s):  
LIN LIU ◽  
XUJIE LU ◽  
JIHUA CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Membrane ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Cross Flow Velocity

As environmental regulations become rigid and the cost of freshwater increases, wastewater is considered as a major resource in China. The paper presented a study on the implementation of the advanced treatment process using dynamic membrane (DM) in reusing of printing wastewater. The DM was well formed by circulating 1.5g/L of PAC in 20 minutes, the trans-membrane pressure of 200 kPa and the cross-flow velocity of 0.75m/s. The printing effluents were treated in effluent treatment plants comprising a physicochemical option followed by biological process. The treated effluent contained chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity in the range of 45-60 mg/L, 0.030-0.045 (absorbance at 420 nm) and 3-5 NTU. The results showed that the COD, color and turbidity removal efficiencies of the DM permeate were 84%, 85% and 80%, respectively. The wastewater treated by DM was reused as process water and the final concentrated retentate could be discharged directly into sewage treatment works with no additional treatments. Cleaning and regeneration of DM were very convenient if necessary. The proper process was that the polluted DM was cleaned with tap water at high cross-flow velocity. When irreversible pollutants accumulate, it would be rinsed with chemicals tested and the membrane flux would be restored up to 95%. The result showed that DM was considered as a promising method for purification aimed at reuse of printing wastewater, resulting in direct environmental and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Performance Study of CETP (Common Effluent Treatment Plant)-ACase Study of Pandesara, Surat

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali M. Tandel ◽  
Mitali A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Effluent Treatment Plant

Water is life sustaining element subjected to pollution by human being in the name of industrial development. Global trends such as urbanization and industrialization have increased the demand for fresh water. The developing human societies are heavily dependent upon the availability of water with suitable quality and in adequate quantity for variety of uses. Rapid industrialization is adversely impacting the environment globally. Inappropriate management of industrial wastewater is one of the major environmental problems in India. Many small and medium scale industries cannot afford to have their own effluent treatment facilities which emphasizes on having a common effluent treatment plant to treat the heterogeneous effluent coming out of various sectors. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) for Textile industry is considered as one of the viable solution for small to medium enterprises for effective wastewater treatment. An effluent treatment plant operating on physical, chemical and biological treatment method with average waste water in flow of 100MLD has been considered for case study. The wastewater was analyzed for the major water quality parameters, such as pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total suspended solid (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The COD of the treated effluent was reduced significantly, whereas very small reduction was observed in dissolved solids. Most of all the parameters were within the permissible limits of CETP, Pandesara Surat.

scholarly journals An attempt to Stimulate lipids for Biodiesel Production from locally Isolated Microalgae in Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nitrate Medium ◽  
Nitzschia Palea ◽  
High Lipid

Two locally isolated microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Bejerinck and Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith) were used in the current study to test their ability to production biodiesel through stimulated in different nitrogen concentration treatments (0, 2, 4, 8 gl ), and effect of nitrogen concentration on the quantity of primary product (carbohydrate, protein ), also the quantity and quality of lipid. The results revealed that starvation of nitrogen led to high lipid yielding, in C. vulgaris and N. palea the lipid content increased from 6.6% to 40% and 40% to 60% of dry weight (DW) respectively.Also in C. vulgaris, the highest carbohydrate was 23% of DW from zero nitrate medium and the highest protein was 50% of DW in the treatment 8gl. While in N. palea the highest carbohydrate was 25% of DW in the treatment 4gl, and the highest protein was 15% of DW in 8gl treatment.

scholarly journals Common Effluent Treatment Plants Monitoring and Process Augmentation Options to Conform Non-potable Reuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntjeer Ali ◽  
Abdulaziz Ibrahim Almohana ◽  
Abdulrhman Fahmi Alali ◽  
Mohab Amin Kamal ◽  
Abbas Khursheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
North India ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Treated Effluent

The stringency in effluent discharge and reuse standards has made it extremely expensive to discharge the effluents safely or reuse them. Therefore, existing wastewater treatment plants should be evaluated and improved or augmented. With this aim, five existing common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) in North India were evaluated, including: the State infrastructure Development Corporation Uttrakhand Limited (SIDCUL) Haridwar, which processes 4.5 Million Liters per day (MLD); the Industrial Model Township (IMT) Manesar Gurgaon, 55 MLD (comprising two streams of 25 and 30 MLD each); the Lawrence Road Industrial Area (LRIA), Delhi, 12MLD (12MLD LRIA); Mayapuri Industrial Area (MIA), Delhi, 12MLD; and the Integrated Industrial Estate (IIE) SIDCUL Pantnagar, 4.0 MLD. These plants were designed to produce treated effluent for non-potable reuse. Results showed that the integrated efficiency (IEa) of all CETPs was 10–20% larger than standard integrated efficiency (IEs), indicating the suitability of the technology, except for 12MLD at MIA CETP where the IEa was 20% lower than IEs, due to the absence of any biological unit in the process. Combined post-treatment of secondary effluent by coagulation, Ultrafiltration (UF), followed by ozonation for CETP SIDCUL Haridwar, was also conducted for its non-potable water reuse. This process was able to reduce Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) by 77%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by 76%, turbidity by 96%, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by 100%. All these parameters confirmed the effluent standards for non-potable reuse. The color was reduced to 4.0 from 42.0 Pt-Co units by the exposure ozone concentration of 8.3 mg/L for up to 4.0 min on the treated water from SIDCUL CETP, which reduced the color by 90% and complied with reuse standards. Hence Combined post treatment by coagulation, UF followed Ozonation of secondary treated effluent could be a better option for the potable reuse of treated water in various domestic and industrial applications.

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