scholarly journals ‘Malenkey Robot’ in the Carpathian Basin, in Hungary – Data, Facts, Interpretations, Connections

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Zalán Bognár
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Archive Data

Abstract Interpretation problems related to the notion of ‘malenkaya rabota,’ POW, internee, GULAG and GUPVI. Ways of classification of the victims of ‘malenkaya rabota' in the Carpathian Basin, various groups and types. Determination of the effective number of the groups, and of the total number of those deported as civilians from the 14.7 million inhabitants of the Hungary of the time, based on different data, and the difficulties of definitions. The interpretation and implementation of the central Soviet commands. The connections between the deportations. Similarities and differences between the deportations as internee and as POW. Manageability of the data, interpretation of Soviet and Hungarian archive data and the reasons why they are different. The real value of Soviet archival sources. The determination of the losses attributed to ‘malenkaya rabota’.

scholarly journals The Adjusted Net Asset, a Patrimonial Method to Determine the Value of Economic Entity

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Mihaela Nicoară
Keyword(s):  
Main Concern ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
The Real ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Economic Balance

Abstract One of the goals of evaluation is applying the management based on value, in order to redirect the performances of different activities of the enterprise meaning when, how, and how much to extend the businesses that bring value, and which of the operational measures have the biggest potential to raise the value. The evaluation is based on balanced sheet, balance of accounts, and then the economic balance that includes both the patrimony of the economic entity in economic values and the turnover that the entity is able to achieve. The determination of the adjusted net asset is based on the achieved economic balance. The adjusted net asset is considered the most important patrimonial value because it takes into consideration the incident of various factors on the real value of the assets and on the liabilities or debts of the entity. The evaluation of the economic entity is essential in many moments of the existence of an enterprise, as acquisition, divesture, stock holdings, stock issued, issued shared, stock sales, absorptions, fusions, etc. The specialized literature mentions as essential patrimonial values: the active asset, the adjusted active asset, the active asset reduction. Taking into consideration only their own funds and equity as resource of financing the patrimonial assets of the economic entity, we can affirm that these values correspond to the seller’ view that considers that the economic entity is terminating its activity and his main concern is only the possible selling prices.

The basic principles of the cadastral methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 974 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
S.A. Atamanov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Directed Graph ◽  
Basic Characteristic ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Characteristic Features

Cadastral activities, in addition to describing a property for the purpose of cadastral- and rights registration, include an algorithmically complex determination of the sequence of actions necessary to solve the matter. Their result is not only some prepared documentation, but the fact of bringing the description of the real estate and rights to it in accordance with reality, provided that the task of the interested person is completed. The subtype of real estate includes objects that possess certain basic characteristic features and can have definite situational ones. The classification of real estate on the basis of these features provides an opportunity to compare and formalize the requirements for implementation of cadastral works of disparate regulatory legal acts. The field regulating land-and-property relations is modeled as a directed graph, the arcs of which are assigned a direction depending on the type of the initial and final vertices

scholarly journals Multiple Burials in Ancient Societies: Theory and Methods from Egyptian Archaeology

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Miniaci
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Definition Of

The paper aims at providing theoretical models and data interpretation applied to multiple burials. Challenging the current fuzzy definition of multiple burials in ancient societies, the paper proposes a more accurate classification of multiple burials, with particular reference to ancient Egypt funerary culture, based on two main parameters, which may have influenced the association of bodies: p1) architecture; p2) time span, and three flexible sub-parameters that may be used to customize different scenarios, on occasion: sp1) number of deceased; sp2) age of deceased; sp3) nature of death/deposition. The body has been often considered the real ontological centre of the burial itself with all of the other countable objects intended as radiating projections supporting the body-nucleus. The practice of multiple burials disrupts such a perception as it juxtaposes horizontal, multidirectional perspectives: the role of a new body entering among older bodies and objects, and of the multiple bodies and objects themselves. The study of multiple burials, if correctly framed, can lead to insights into different religious, social, and economic reasons behind the mortuary programmes within a society. For instance, sequential multiple burials reinforce the transformation of dead bodies into part of the burial equipment itself, reducing the centrality of the body and disrupting the narrative tied to individual biographies, increasing an ‘artefactual’ perception.

Determination of common features and classification of fitting stops for flat cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
O. A. Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Railways, being the basis of the country's transport system, provide timely and high-quality satisfaction of the needs of shippers and consignees in transportation. One of the most effective ways of cargo delivery is container transportation.For the transportation of containers, specialized rolling stock is used — platform cars equipped with special container attachment points — fitting stops. The design of stops for container fittings limits the spontaneous displacement of containers, prevents them from tipping over. Various designs of fitting stops are used in practice and exist only in the information representation in the form of patents and technical documentation. As a result of the comparative and statistical analysis, similarities and differences in the design were established, and common features were determined. The designs of stops and devices for fixing containers on platforms used in Kazakhstan and the United States are considered. The presented classification of fitting stops is based on the results of the analysis of the structures of fitting stops installed on specialized platform cars operated in the Russian Federation. Fitting stops of specialized platform cars for container transportation are classified in three directions.The classification obtained as a result of the study allows us to establish the uniformity of the structures used for fitting stops of platform cars for the transport of containers and opens up the possibility of finding a way to improve certain structures united by common features.

scholarly journals Classification of the Real Roots of the Quartic Equation and their Pythagorean Tunes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil M. Prodanov
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Points ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
The Real ◽  
Quartic Equation ◽  
Real Roots ◽  
Quadratic Equations ◽  
Parallel Lines ◽  
Intersection Points

AbstractPresented is a very detailed two-tier analysis of the location of the real roots of the general quartic equation $$x^4 + a x^3 + b x^2 + c x + d = 0$$ x 4 + a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d = 0 with real coefficients and the classification of the roots in terms of a, b, c, and d, without using any numerical approximations. Associated with the general quartic, there is a number of subsidiary quadratic equations (resolvent quadratic equations) whose roots allow this systematization as well as the determination of the bounds of the individual roots of the quartic. In many cases the root isolation intervals are found. The second tier of the analysis uses two subsidiary cubic equations (auxiliary cubic equations) and solving these, together with some of the resolvent quadratic equations, allows the full classification of the roots of the general quartic and also the determination of the isolation interval of each root. These isolation intervals involve the stationary points of the quartic (among others) and, by solving some of the resolvent quadratic equations, the isolation intervals of the stationary points of the quartic are also determined. The presented classification of the roots of the quartic equation is particularly useful in situations in which the equation stems from a model the coefficients of which are (functions of) the model parameters and solving cubic equations, let alone using the explicit quartic formulæ , is a daunting task. The only benefit in such cases would be to gain insight into the location of the roots and the proposed method provides this. Each possible case has been carefully studied and illustrated with a detailed figure containing a description of its specific characteristics, analysis based on solving cubic equations and analysis based on solving quadratic equations only. As the analysis of the roots of the quartic equation is done by studying the intersection points of the “sub-quartic” $$x^4 + ax^3 + bx^2$$ x 4 + a x 3 + b x 2 with a set of suitable parallel lines, a beautiful Pythagorean analogy can be found between these intersection points and the set of parallel lines on one hand and the musical notes and the staves representing different musical pitches on the other: each particular case of the quartic equation has its own short tune.

La prescrizione nell'etica stoica. Un riesame

Elenchos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-94
Author(s):  
Francesca Alesse
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
Moral Conduct ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article aims at clarifying the Stoic theory of ``prescription'', more specifically, the Stoic reflection about the method to formulate rules and directions for moral conduct. First, the possibility to provide particular precepts is considered in the frame of some major doctrines such as the equivalence between moral end and conformity to nature, the theory of the ``indifferents'', the partition of actions into katorthomata and kathekonta. Accordingly, both internal Stoic debate on the real value of particular precepts, and Hermagoras' classification of zetemata, are considered in order to bring up the impact of early Stoic prescriptive theory on late Hellenistic ethics. Special attention is paid to Seneca's evidence from Epistles 94 and 95 - in their relation to Hermagoras' teachings -, and Plutarch's text from De Stoic. rep., ch. 11, with regard to Chrysippus' theory of prescription.

scholarly journals An E-Liquid Flavor Wheel: A Shared Vocabulary Based on Systematically Reviewing E-Liquid Flavor Classifications in Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1310-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna J Z Krüsemann ◽  
Sanne Boesveldt ◽  
Kees de Graaf ◽  
Reinskje Talhout
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Comparability Of Results

Abstract Introduction E-liquids are available in a high variety of flavors. A systematic classification of e-liquid flavors is necessary to increase comparability of research results. In the food, alcohol, and fragrance industry, flavors are classified using flavor wheels. We systematically reviewed literature on flavors related to electronic cigarette use, to investigate how e-liquid flavors have been classified in research, and propose an e-liquid flavor wheel to classify e-liquids based on marketing descriptions. Methods The search was conducted in May 2017 using PubMed and Embase databases. Keywords included terms associated with electronic cigarette, flavors, liking, learning, and wanting in articles. Results were independently screened and reviewed. Flavor categories used in the articles reviewed were extracted. Results Searches yielded 386 unique articles of which 28 were included. Forty-three main flavor categories were reported in these articles (eg, tobacco, menthol, mint, fruit, bakery/dessert, alcohol, nuts, spice, candy, coffee/tea, beverages, chocolate, sweet flavors, vanilla, and unflavored). Flavor classifications of e-liquids in literature showed similarities and differences across studies. Our proposed e-liquid flavor wheel contains 13 main categories and 90 subcategories, which summarize flavor categories from literature to find a shared vocabulary. For classification of e-liquids using our flavor wheel, marketing descriptions should be used. Conclusions We have proposed a flavor wheel for classification of e-liquids. Further research is needed to test the flavor wheels’ empirical value. Consistently classifying e-liquid flavors using our flavor wheel in research (eg, experimental, marketing, or qualitative studies) minimizes interpretation differences and increases comparability of results. Implications We reviewed e-liquid flavors and flavor categories used in research. A large variation in the naming of flavor categories was found and e-liquid flavors were not consistently classified. We developed an e-liquid flavor wheel and provided a guideline for systematic classification of e-liquids based on marketing descriptions. Our flavor wheel summarizes e-liquid flavors and categories used in literature in order to create a shared vocabulary. Applying our flavor wheel in research on e-liquids will improve data interpretation, increase comparability across studies, and support policy makers in developing rules for regulation of e-liquid flavors.

Radiation synovectomy of the knee joint

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
M. Puille ◽  
D. Steiner ◽  
R. Bauer ◽  
R. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Radiation Synovectomy ◽  
Real Activity ◽  
Anterior View ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Nodes ◽  
The Real ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Real Value

Summary Aim: Multiple procedures for the quantification of activity leakage in radiation synovectomy of the knee joint have been described in the literature. We compared these procedures considering the real conditions of dispersion and absorption using a corpse phantom. Methods: We simulated different distributions of the activity in the knee joint and a different extra-articular spread into the inguinal lymph nodes. The activity was measured with a gammacamera. Activity leakage was calculated by measuring the retention in the knee joint only using an anterior view, using the geometric mean of anterior and posterior views, or using the sum of anterior and posterior views. The same procedures were used to quantify the activity leakage by measuring the activity spread into the inguinal lymph nodes. In addition, the influence of scattered rays was evaluated. Results: For several procedures we found an excellent association with the real activity leakage, shown by an r² between 0.97 and 0.98. When the real value of the leakage is needed, e. g. in dosimetric studies, simultaneously measuring of knee activity and activity in the inguinal lymph nodes in anterior and posterior views and calculation of the geometric mean with exclusion of the scatter rays was found to be the procedure of choice. Conclusion: When measuring of activity leakage is used for dosimetric calculations, the above-described procedure should be used. When the real value of the leakage is not necessary, e. g. for comparing different therapeutic modalities, several of the procedures can be considered as being equivalent.

Interpreting Open- and Closed-Loop Transfer Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Parameters: Lessons Learned from a Computer Model of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Regulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
P. Hammer ◽  
D. Litvack ◽  
J. P. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract:A computer model of cardiovascular control has been developed based on the response characteristics of cardiovascular control components derived from experiments in animals and humans. Results from the model were compared to those obtained experimentally in humans, and the similarities and differences were used to identify both the strengths and inadequacies of the concepts used to form the model. Findings were confirmatory of some concepts but contrary to some which are firmly held in the literature, indicating that understanding the complexity of cardiovascular control probably requires a combination of experiments and computer models which integrate multiple systems and allow for determination of sufficiency and necessity.

THE ESSENCE, THE NEED FOR EVALUATION AND TYPES OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olexandr Yemelyanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Development Assessment ◽  
State Of The Environment

The formation of business strategies of enterprises should be based on a preliminary assessment of their current and future economic opportunities. Such an assessment is to establish the value of the total economic potential of enterprises and its individual varieties. The purpose of this study was to clarify the essence of the economic potential of enterprises, justify the need for its evaluation and selection of its types. The main approaches to interpreting the terms "potential" and "enterprise potential" are identified. These include resource, result, resource-result, resource-target, and result-target concepts. It is established that the potential of any object, including the enterprise, can be interpreted as a set of its external functional properties, which this object shows or can show in a certain state of the environment in which it is located. Accordingly, the assessment of the potential of an object should be based on the identification and determination of its external properties, taking into account the environment in which the object is located. The main situations in which there is a need for information about certain components of the economic potential of the enterprise are identified, and the types of this potential and the consumers of the information about their level, corresponding to these situations, are determined. In particular, such situations include management of production and sales, management of financial and economic results of the enterprise, management of enterprise development, assessment of the company's need for various types of resources, assessment of enterprise value, assessment of current and future impact of the enterprise on the economy of the country (region), etc. The features of classification of types of enterprise potential existing in the scientific literature are supplemented by the following ones: by the main types of economic activity, by the dynamics of changes in the economic and production system of the enterprise, by consequences for the subject of enterprise potential assessment, by the stages of economic activity, enterprise potential, etc. The obtained results make it possible to improve the understanding of the complex patterns that underlie the formation of the economic potential of enterprises.

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