Determination of common features and classification of fitting stops for flat cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
O. A. Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Railways, being the basis of the country's transport system, provide timely and high-quality satisfaction of the needs of shippers and consignees in transportation. One of the most effective ways of cargo delivery is container transportation.For the transportation of containers, specialized rolling stock is used — platform cars equipped with special container attachment points — fitting stops. The design of stops for container fittings limits the spontaneous displacement of containers, prevents them from tipping over. Various designs of fitting stops are used in practice and exist only in the information representation in the form of patents and technical documentation. As a result of the comparative and statistical analysis, similarities and differences in the design were established, and common features were determined. The designs of stops and devices for fixing containers on platforms used in Kazakhstan and the United States are considered. The presented classification of fitting stops is based on the results of the analysis of the structures of fitting stops installed on specialized platform cars operated in the Russian Federation. Fitting stops of specialized platform cars for container transportation are classified in three directions.The classification obtained as a result of the study allows us to establish the uniformity of the structures used for fitting stops of platform cars for the transport of containers and opens up the possibility of finding a way to improve certain structures united by common features.

scholarly journals Determination of deoxynivalenol in feed, feed raw materials and food

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Nailya N. Mishina ◽  
◽  
Ivan N. Shtyrov ◽  
Zukhra H. Sagdeeva ◽  
Ramziya M. Potekhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The article presents the survey data of 1830 average samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI»", provided by livestock and feed enterprises, agricultural companies, food manufacturers and 152 samples of feed provided by specialists of veterinary services , livestock enterprises, owners of peasant farms to determine the death of animals and birds, for the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the period from 2018 to 2020. Determination of the DON content in the samples was carried out according to a certified procedure based on the method of thin layer chromatography. In the course of summarizing the results, it was found that samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI» from different regions of the Russian Federation in terms of DON content corresponded to the normative indicators specified in the current regulatory and technical documentation. When determining the cause of death of animals and birds, 152 samples were examined, received from farms of different regions of the Republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Mordovia, Kostroma and Ryazan regions. It was found that 1.97% of samples were contaminated with DON at concentrations from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg of feed, in the rest, the content of mycotoxin was below the sensitivity of the method (< 0.2 mg/kg), which does not exceed the limit permissible concentration. It was recommended to exclude feed contaminated with mycotoxin from the diet of animals, since at the established concentrations, DON is not the main etiological factor in the death of animals, but due to the presence of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic and immunosuppressive properties, together with other factors, it is contributing.

scholarly journals Drought and hydrothermal humidity factor as one of the criteria to estimate its intensity degree (literature review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Ionova ◽  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
I. A. Lobunskaya
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Partial Characteristic ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
The Russian Federation

The current paper has considered the following issues: determination of the drought phenomenon and its classification (atmospheric, soil and combined), drought harmfulness and spread in the Russian Federation. It has been established that regional droughts have specific features, namely soil or atmospheric, spring, summer or autumn. There has been given a classification by intensity and coverage of territories by droughts (very strong, strong, medium and weak). There has been shown a response of agricultural plants to various types of droughts. The northwestern and southeastern droughts (the second type) negatively affect the plants, as they combine low air humidity and soil with high temperature. There has been given a partial characteristic of the climate of the North Caucasus region (on the example of the Rostov region). The most used indicators of meteorological research are Selyaninov’s hydrothermal humidity factor (HHF) which is the ratio of the amount of precipitation for a period of at least a month to the sum of temperatures above 10 °C for the same period, reduced by 10 times. The classification of humidification zones according to the HHF is as follows: wet (1.6–1.3); slightly arid (1.3–1.0); arid (1.0–0.7); very arid (0.7–0.4); dry (<0.4). The data of the HHF are given on the example of meteorological conditions of the Zernograd district of the Rostov region (the years of 2001–2015). It has been found that in 2001–2015 the hydrothermal humidity factor over the autumn period was 0.13–0.17 (dry) on average, and the HHF of the summer period was 0.28 (dry). During the studied period, the hydrothermal factor during the growing season was 0.78 (dry) on average. Thus, for the period 2001–2015, the conditions for plants growth and development were unfavorable.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF VERATRUM ACUTE POISONINGS DURING 2014-2018 IN MOSCOW, SAINT PETERSBURG, OMSK, CHITA, AND KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – UGRA

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
E. V. Melnik ◽  
M. V. Belova ◽  
A. N. Lodyagin ◽  
A. V. Sabaev ◽  
B. B. Yatsinyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Russian Federation

Acute hellebore poisoning is characteristic for the Russian Federation because of the use of this plant for the treatment of alcoholism at home. The varying severity of clinical symptoms, which sometimes become lifethreatening, the lack of anamnestic reliable information about the use of hellebore and the difficulties of chemical and toxicological confirmation of its use complicate the diagnosis of acute poisoning, and do not allow timely medical care. In addition, there is no classification of hellebore poisoning in ICD-10, block (T51-T65), which also affects the assessment of the actual frequency of this acute intoxication. The purpose of this work is to clarify the number of acute hellebore poisoning in the Russian Federation. The analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized with acute hellebore poisoning in toxicological departments of a number of subjects of the Russian Federation for 2014 - 2018 was carried out. The dynamics of such acute poisoning over the specified period, the gender and age composition of victims, and the circumstances of poisoning were revealed. The relevance of developing methods of chemical and toxicological analysis for the determination of hellebore alkaloids is confirmed, which will increase the reliability of diagnosis and detection of cases of hellebore poisoning.

The Theft of Cargo of Railway Rolling Stock: Issues of Criminal Characterization and Investigation

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Denis Grishin ◽  
Mariya Vilacheva ◽  
Irina Soshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Railway Rolling Stock

In the academic and educational criminal and legal literature, special attention is paid to crimes committed on rail transport. The statistics provided by the official website of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation confirms that the majority of these crimes are thefts. In the study, the issues of characterization of these crimes are analyzed, as well as their elements. Particular attention is paid to the subject of the crime: in most crimes it is special, and this also affects the characterization of such theft. Given the variability of approaches to qualifying of thefts, the authors propose their own definition of such theft. The methods of investigation of the above-mentioned thefts are examined. The authors cite various investigative situations arising on different stages of investigation and note that the characterization of theft of cargo of railway rolling stock, as well as determination of the range of people potentially involved in the crime, depends on where, when and how it was committed, what are the amount and the value of the property stolen, and whether the crimes are multiple.

scholarly journals USA AND WESTERN EUROPEAN SANCTIONS POLICY WITH RESPECT TO RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
I. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Balance

The implementation of the sanctions policy of the United States and Western Europe in relation to the Russian Federation has been analyzed. The objectives of the USA and European Union sanctions policies have been identified. The study has been based on the principles of a three-level classification of sanctions aimed at destabilizing the economy of the Russian Federation. Sectors of the economy and companies have been identified, that, have become objects of sanctions policy and have suffered more from USA and European Union sanctions. The role of sanctions as a toolkit, which can influence the political and economic balance of power in the world, has been defined. The opinion of representatives of business of foreign countries on the formation of anti-Russian sanctions has been reflected within the article. The features of the implementation of the sanctions policy in the digital block and cyberspace have been noted.

scholarly journals Value representation of freedom in the speech of contemporary English-language and Russian-language aging politicians

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Grishenkova ◽  
Larisa Georgievna Popova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Process Comparison ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The University

The goal of this work consists in determination of similarities and differences in value characteristics of freedom expressed in the speech of senior age politicians of the United States, United Kingdom and Russia. The subject of this research is the semantics of English and Russian aphorisms that represent value understanding of freedom in the speech of aging politicians of the listed countries. The speech of senior people was selected due to the lack of studies on the matter within comparative linguistics. Based on the material of aphorisms of the famous aging politicians of the United States, United Kingdom and Russia, the author defines the composition of topical units and groups that reflect value understanding of freedom in the English and Russian languages. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of similarities and differences in value characteristics of freedom in the speech of English-language and Russian-language aging politicians. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was revealed that in the speech of English-language and Russian-language aging politicians, freedom is rarely the topic of discussion, they rather create the own aphorisms and at times utilize aphorisms from the corresponding English and Russian glossaries. Most often, aging politicians discuss the questions related to practical manifestation of freedom, as well as touch upon reflection of the value of freedom as a phenomenon or a process. Comparison of the composition of aphorisms in Russian and English languages demonstrates that they differ for the most part. The author concludes on the specificity of topical units. The acquired results can be applied in the university lectures on comparative lexicology of English and Russian languages.

scholarly journals Development potential of logistics in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation through the use of drones

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Н.В. Шаталова ◽  
О.М. Михов ◽  
О.В. Бородина
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Of The Environment

В статье рассматривается содержание транспортно-логистических задач в Арктике, а также перспективы международного сотрудничества. Изучен опыт других стран – Канады, США – в использовании дронов в логистике и доставке грузов. Раскрыта сущность использования беспилотных летательных аппаратов в логистике Арктической зоны, охарактеризованы преимущества и недостатки дронов на сегодняшний день и специфика их использования в Арктической зоне. Предложено использовать дроны в таких направлениях, как мониторинг состояния окружающей среды; контроль реальной загруженности логистических площадок на земле; транспортировки и перевалки грузов. Предлагается создать базу для оценки эффективности бюджета развития дронов для обеспечения логистических процессов в Арктической зоне РФ. Для этого проведено экономическое обоснование использования дронов в Арктической зоне в виде расчета чистого дисконтированного дохода и срока окупаемости проекта по использованию БПЛА в Арктической зоне. В качестве фактора экономии выступает меньшая потребность в топливе по сравнению с традиционными видами транспорта, используемыми в Арктике. Выделены проблемы и перспективы развития беспилотных перевозок в Арктической зоне. Сделан вывод о возможностях и изменениях развития в логистической деятельности в Арктической зоне в ближайшие годы. The article discusses the content of transport and logistics tasks in the Arctic, as well as the prospects for international cooperation. The experience of other countries – Canada, the United States – in the use of drones in logistics and cargo delivery was studied. The essence of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the logistics of the Arctic zone is revealed, the advantages and disadvantages of drones today and the specifics of their use in the Arctic zone are described. It is proposed to use drones in such areas as monitoring the state of the environment; monitoring the real workload of logistics sites on the ground; transportation and transshipment of goods. It is proposed to create a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the budget for the development of drones to support logistics processes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, an economic justification for the use of drones in the Arctic zone was carried out in the form of calculating the net discounted income and the payback period of the project for the use of UAVs in the Arctic zone. As a factor of economy, there is less need for fuel in comparison with traditional modes of transport used in the Arctic. The problems and prospects for the development of unmanned transportation in the Arctic zone are highlighted. The conclusion is made about the opportunities and changes in the development of logistics activities in the Arctic zone in the coming years.

scholarly journals ‘Malenkey Robot’ in the Carpathian Basin, in Hungary – Data, Facts, Interpretations, Connections

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Zalán Bognár
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Archive Data

Abstract Interpretation problems related to the notion of ‘malenkaya rabota,’ POW, internee, GULAG and GUPVI. Ways of classification of the victims of ‘malenkaya rabota' in the Carpathian Basin, various groups and types. Determination of the effective number of the groups, and of the total number of those deported as civilians from the 14.7 million inhabitants of the Hungary of the time, based on different data, and the difficulties of definitions. The interpretation and implementation of the central Soviet commands. The connections between the deportations. Similarities and differences between the deportations as internee and as POW. Manageability of the data, interpretation of Soviet and Hungarian archive data and the reasons why they are different. The real value of Soviet archival sources. The determination of the losses attributed to ‘malenkaya rabota’.

Study of international experience in the field of industrial safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
I.I. Kolchenko ◽  
◽  
M.V. Temerbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Experience ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Currently, close attention is paid to industrial safety at hazardous production facilities. Compliance with industrial safety requirements is directly related to the risks of accidents that can lead to man-made disasters, negatively affect the health and life of the population. As in any other industry, there are problems in ensuring industrial safety. There are several reasons for this: the backlog of standards from scientific and technological progress, the exclusive competence of state authorized bodies, and the lack of a risk-based approach. After the collapse of the USSR, the requirements of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan have practically not changed: laws and statutory instruments (hereinafter-the LSI) are approved and put into effect, after which they are constantly changed and supplemented; the presence of national and international standards, which, in fact, are revised on the basis of the USSR standards, taking into account the influence of the realities of the time. It can be concluded that the current standards are not focused on the future, scientific and technological progress, innovation, so they are constantly undergoing changes, thereby adapting to the necessary requirements that dictate modernity. State regulation does not contribute to the effective development of industrial safety. This is due to the fact that the state performs exclusively supervisory functions (thus it is exclusively educational in nature), and there is no dialogue between authorized state bodies, expert organizations, scientific organizations, and testing laboratories. If we consider the experience of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety, then it makes no sense to accept even some experience, since: similar to the Kazakhstan’ LSI and regulatory and technical documentation (and their constant dynamics), the development of cooperation with the Russian Federation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Accordingly, it is advisable to consider the experience in the field of industrial safety in Europe and the United States of America because of the effectiveness of regulation and supervision than in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. This article provides information about international experience in the field of industrial safety in the United States and the European Union. The tasks of state regulation in the field of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, the United States, and the European Union are described in detail. The analysis of normative-legal acts and normative-technical documentation is carried out. Based on the analysis of international experience, solutions to problems in the field of industrial safety for the Republic of Kazakhstan are essentially presented. The purpose of this article is to reveal the problem in the field of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan and international experience that the Republic of Kazakhstan can borrow in order to effectively ensure industrial safety. Study of international experience (USA, EU countries, Russia) in the field of industrial safety in terms of: analysis of standards; regulation (control and supervisory functions) to ensure safety. The results of this article will reflect the problems that hinder the effective provision of industrial safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan and essentially suggest ways to solve them.

Determination of strength and performance characteristics of production facilities: regulatory and technical aspect

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Performance

Analysis of documents, regulating the examination or inspection of buildings and structures, shows that this activity is based on contradictive regulations that do not fully meet the requirements of the current moment and current circumstances. Based on the fact that through the expertise or examinations facts are established and the state of the processes, materials etc., having legal value and the corresponding responsibility of legal entities and individuals are revealed, such a situation in normative and technical documentation can't be considered normal. It does not guarantee correct conclusions and reliable results. The authors point to the specific contradictions and shortcomings of GOST 31937-2011, included in the list of documents used on a mandatory basis. Stating problems and issues, seen with the naked eye, authors make the conclusion that GOST 31937-2011 needs to be seriously revised which will help many experts and specialists in their practical activities to strengthen arguments that refer to true actual state of certain structures and objects in general, and, which is the most important, to improve operational reliability of many industrial objects. The article also considers some issues of construction in the context of changes in the seismicity of the territory of the Russian Federation, which is caused by the appearence of a set of maps OSR-97 and by the corresponding updating of SP 14.13330.2014.

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