The Jumonji family: past, present and future of histone demethylases in cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Franci ◽  
Alfonso Ciotta ◽  
Lucia Altucci
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Histone Demethylases ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Expression Modulation

AbstractThe first Jumonji gene was cloned in 1995 by Takeuchi et al. [Takeuchi T, Yamazaki Y, Katoh-Fukui Y, Tsuchiya R, Kondo S, Motoyama J, Higashinakagawa T. Gene trap capture of a novel mouse gene, jumonji, required for neural tube formation. Genes Dev 1995; 9: 1211–22.]. Several genes sharing similar biological features have since been discovered, and are currently grouped into the JMJ family. Interestingly, their deregulation has been associated with cardiac disease, obesity, neurological disorders and cancer. One of the mechanisms underlying their function is gene expression modulation via histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Increasing evidence of Jumonji deregulation in tumours such as colon, prostate, haematological and breast cancer is continually emerging, hence the need to acquire a better understanding. The Genesapiens.org database of patient arrays allows target expression levels to be investigated in a wide range of cancers, corroborating and extending the role of the JMJ family. Here, we provide an overview of the expression profile and regulation of JMJ family members in cancer, examining the most recent literature in the light of analyses drawn from this database.

The GCN5: its biological functions and therapeutic potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-257
Author(s):  
Md. Ezazul Haque ◽  
Md. Jakaria ◽  
Mahbuba Akther ◽  
Duk-Yeon Cho ◽  
In-Su Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferases ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
General Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lysine Acetyltransferase

Abstract General control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) or lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) is one of the most highly studied histone acetyltransferases. It acts as both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). As an HAT it plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic landscape and chromatin modification. Besides, GCN5 regulates a wide range of biological events such as gene regulation, cellular proliferation, metabolism and inflammation. Imbalance in the GCN5 activity has been reported in many disorders such as cancer, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders and neurological disorders. Therefore, unravelling the role of GCN5 in different diseases progression is a prerequisite for both understanding and developing novel therapeutic agents of these diseases. In this review, we have discussed the structural features, the biological function of GCN5 and the mechanical link with the diseases associated with its imbalance. Moreover, the present GCN5 modulators and their limitations will be presented in a medicinal chemistry perspective.

scholarly journals Human Parvoviruses May Affect the Development and Clinical Course of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Anda Vilmane ◽  
Anna Terentjeva ◽  
Paulius L. Tamosiunas ◽  
Normunds Suna ◽  
Inga Suna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infection Markers

Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are neurological inflammatory diseases, and although routine diagnostics include testing of a wide range of pathogens, still in many cases, no causative agent is detected. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V), human bocaviruses 1–4 (HBoV1–4), and human parvovirus 4 (hPARV4) are members of the Parvoviridae family and are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations including neurological disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine whether human parvoviruses infection markers are present among patients with meningitis/meningoencephalitis in Latvia as well as to clarify the role of these viruses on the clinical course of the mentioned diseases. Our study revealed HBoV1–4 and B19V genomic sequences in 52.38% and 16.67% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, symptoms such as the presence of a headache and its severity, fatigue, disorientation, and difficulties to concentrate were significantly frequently present in patients with active parvovirus infection in comparison with parvoviruses negative patients, therefore we suggest that HBoV1–4 and B19V infection should be included in the diagnostics to reduce the number of meningitis/meningoencephalitis with unknown/unexplained etiology.

scholarly journals Role of Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) in Neurological and Metabolic Disorders: Evidence from Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Sharma ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
DevNath Singh Gautam ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Wide Range

Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn. (Acoraceae)) is a traditional Indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive up-to-date report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while identifying potential areas for further research. To date, 145 constituents have been isolated from this herb and identified, including phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Compelling evidence is suggestive of the biopotential of its various extracts and active constituents in several metabolic and neurological disorders, such as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-obesity effects. The present extensive literature survey is expected to provide insights into the involvement of several signaling pathways and oxidative mechanisms that can mitigate oxidative stress, and other indirect mechanisms modulated by active biomolecules of A. calamus to improve neurological and metabolic disorders.

Epigenetic drugs in Alzheimer’s disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor ◽  
Julen Oyarzabal ◽  
María Pascual Lucas ◽  
Rafael Franco ◽  
Ana García-Osta
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Chemical Probes ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

AbstractEpigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, regulate the genome-environment interactions that may play important roles in a wide range of brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Indeed, the role of epigenetic machinery in learning and memory processes is well documented. In this review, we will focus on the most recent literature on tools that target epigenetic mechanisms, particularly on histone acetylation, and we will discuss the use of chemical probes to validate these targets in therapeutic strategies for AD.

scholarly journals Critical Update on Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Natalya Chernichenko
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Locally Advanced Tumors ◽  
Head Neck

ABSTRACT Salivary gland neoplasms are relatively rare tumors with a wide range of biologic behavior. Early low-grade malignancies could be adequately treated with surgery alone, while larger locally advanced tumors will require adjuvant radiation therapy. The role of chemotherapy remains palliative. The goal of this article is to provide a critical review of recent literature on diagnosis and management of salivary neoplasms. How to cite this article Chernichenko N. Critical Update on Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):71-75.

scholarly journals The Role of HECT-Type E3 Ligase in the Development of Cardiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6065
Author(s):  
Jun Goto ◽  
Yoichiro Otaki ◽  
Tetsu Watanabe ◽  
Masafumi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Wide Range

Despite advances in medicine, cardiac disease remains an increasing health problem associated with a high mortality rate. Maladaptive cardiac remodeling, such as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, is a risk factor for heart failure; therefore, it is critical to identify new therapeutic targets. Failing heart is reported to be associated with hyper-ubiquitylation and impairment of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, indicating an importance of ubiquitylation in the development of cardiac disease. Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in protein function and degradation. In 1995, homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) type E3 ligases were discovered. E3 ligases are key enzymes in ubiquitylation and are classified into three families: really interesting new genes (RING), HECT, and RING-between-RINGs (RBRs). Moreover, 28 HECT-type E3 ligases have been identified in human beings. It is well conserved in evolution and is characterized by the direct attachment of ubiquitin to substrates. HECT-type E3 ligase is reported to be involved in a wide range of human diseases and health. The role of HECT-type E3 ligases in the development of cardiac diseases has been uncovered in the last decade. There are only a few review articles summarizing recent advancements regarding HECT-type E3 ligase in the field of cardiac disease. This study focused on cardiac remodeling and described the role of HECT-type E3 ligases in the development of cardiac disease. Moreover, this study revealed that the current knowledge could be exploited for the development of new clinical therapies.

scholarly journals The role of rutin and diosmin, two citrus polyhydroxyflavones in disease prevention and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gosslau ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
Shiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

Chronic inflammation and dysregulation of apoptotic pathways leading to free radical-induced tissue damage are widely recognized as major underlying causes of major degenerative diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Citrus fruits are rich sources of polyphenolic flavonoids well known for their wide range of pharmacological properties. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) and diosmin (diosmetin 7-Orutinoside) are two major polyhydroxyflavone glycosides abundantly found in citrus peels and, to a lesser extent, in pulp of a variety of different citrus species. During digestion, hydrolysis by intestinal enzymes and gut microbiota lead to the release of their corresponding bioactive aglycones (e.g., quercetin or diosmetin). Data obtained in cell-based, animal and clinical studies demonstrated strong preventive and/or therapeutic effects of rutin and its aglycone flavone quercetin. Although lesser studies available, our recent literature review suggests diosmin as promising citrus fruit polyhydroxyflavonoids, effective against various diseases associated with chronic inflammation.

scholarly journals Acupuncture for Refractory Epilepsy: Role of Thalamus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Chen ◽  
Shubin Wang ◽  
Peijing Rong ◽  
Junling Liu ◽  
Hongqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Sensory Transmission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deep Brain

Neurostimulation procedures like vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation have been used to treat refractory epilepsy and other neurological disorders. While holding promise, they are invasive interventions with serious complications and adverse effects. Moreover, their efficacies are modest with less seizure free. Acupuncture is a simple, safe, and effective traditional healing modality for a wide range of diseases including pain and epilepsy. Thalamus takes critical role in sensory transmission and is highly involved in epilepsy genesis particularly the absence epilepsy. Considering thalamus serves as a convergent structure for both acupuncture and VNS and the thalamic neuronal activities can be modulated by acupuncture, we propose that acupuncture could be a promising therapy or at least a screening tool to select suitable candidates for those invasive modalities in the management of refractory epilepsy.

Competing endogenous RNAs (CeRNAs): Novel network in Neurological Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani ◽  
Reyhane Ebrahimi ◽  
Atiyeh Al-e-Ahmad ◽  
Ghodratollah Panahi ◽  
Reza Meshkani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Wide Range

: Neurological Disorders (NDs) comprise a broad range of diseases affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems. These complex multifactorial diseases have a high rate of mortality all over the world, particularly in aged people. Today, new evidence drove our attention to the notable role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the progression of NDs. Remarkably, recent studies showed that there are close communication networks among RNA transcripts such as mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and pseudogenes for regulating each other’s expression through competing for shared sequences in microRNAs (miRs). This concept is a new area of ongoing research recognized as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis. CeRNAs are novel regulatory molecules in a wide range of biological stages and pathological contexts. Indeed, the disruption of ceRNA networks (ceRNETs) may affect neural development genes and induce neuropathological changes leading to the development of NDs. Because of this, identifying the correlation of ceRNETs with NDs will open a new window for expanding our knowledge about this field of science, as well as creating novel roads for developing specific diagnostic biomarkers for NDs management. Owing to these unique features, exploring the exact role of ceRNAs is a hot topic in NDs investigations. Hence, in this review, we will summarize the evidence supporting ceRNETs in the regulation of NDs-related gene expression.

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