Counteracting adriamycin-induced oxidative stress by administration of N-acetyl cysteine and vitamin E

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Periandavan Kalaiselvi ◽  
Viswanathan Pragasam ◽  
Srinivasan Chinnikrishnan ◽  
Coothan Kandaswamy Veena ◽  
Rajaguru Sundarapandiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine ◽  
Enzymic Antioxidants ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

AbstractAdriamycin (ADR), a cytotoxic antineoplastic drug, is used in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, its efficacy continues to be challenged by significant toxicities including nephrotoxicity. In the present study, the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and vitamin E, known antioxidants, were investigated on ADR-induced peroxidative damage in rat kidney. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were administered ADR as a single dose (10mg/kg body weight, i.v.). Histopathological studies indicated that ADR-treated kidney sections show focal tubular necrosis and casts. ADR-injected rats showed a significant decline in the activities/levels of enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (thiols, vitamin C and vitamin E) with high malondialdehyde levels. The extent of nephrotoxicity was evident from the increased activities of urinary marker enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyltransferase). Treatment with NAC and vitamin E (50mg/kg b.w., i.p.) 1day prior to ADR administration maintained near normal activities of the enzymes, significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and prevented the necrosis caused by ADR, thereby proving to be an effective thiol replenishing agent and antioxidant.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ENZYMIC AND NON-ENZYMIC ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS IN VERNONIA CINEREA EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Nishadh Abubakker
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Enzymic Antioxidants ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Vernonia Cinerea

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant levels in various solvent extracts of Vernonia cinerea leaves.Methods: The fine powder of leaf (180 g) was extracted successively with methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether (40–60°C), benzene, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and aqueous in a Soxhlet extractor for 18 h. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure at low temperature (40– 50°C), and the extracts were analyzed for the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidise, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), polyphenol oxidase, glutathione (GSH) reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and non-enzymic antioxidants such as Vitamin A, C, E, reduced GSH, and total phenol.Results: Significant activities of enzymic antioxidants such as CAT (23.68 μ mole of H2O2 decomposed/min/mg protein, SOD (19.75 inhibition of 50% nitrite form/min/mg protein), and GST (73.28 μ mole of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene conjugate formed/min) were observed higher in the methanolic extracts. Whereas, ethanolic extract exhibits maximum activity of GPx (1.054 μ mole of GSH utilized/min) and Px (102.1 μ mole of pyrogallol oxidized/ min/mg protein). Total GSH (172.3 μM/g), Vitamin E (23.76 μM/g), and total phenols were significantly predominant in the ethanolic extracts followed by methanol and ethyl acetate extracts.Conclusion: V. cinerea seems to be a promising plant in respect of its antioxidant potential, there is a lot more to be done to understand the mechanisms behind these effects as well as to employ them as possible therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nephroprotective Activity of Laportea interrupta Leaf Extract in Experimental Animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
Puneeth Kumar Shetty ◽  
Prasanna Shama Khandige
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Laportea interrupta also called as Hen’s Nettle is a primitive plant that is known for its property of causing itch after its touch. This plant has been found useful in treating pre maternal health, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory action. Previously conducted scientific studies revealed that it is having potential of anti- microbial activity. It has also been proved to have anti-oxidant property as it contains flavonoid contents especially rutin and gallic acid. Extraction of the plant phyto constituent was by maceration process. Healthy Albino rats of wistar strain of 150 to 250 gm were used as experimental animal. Gentamicin induced renal injury and Paracetamol induced nephrotoxicity are the two methodologies followed in this experiment to induce toxicity in rats and then it is followed by ethanolic extract of the plant of low, mid and high dose. Biochemical analysis, Histopathological studies and statistical studies are also performed. There was significant decrease in the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Observation of change in body weight serum creatinine, serum albumin and serum protein were assessed for kidney function test. Histological and pathological study of kidney tissue was observed to identify the changes in the degree of cellular damage and healing effects in this research work.

Protective Effect of Algerian Genista vepres Pomel Plant Against Isoniazid and Rifampicin Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Zehani ◽  
Wafa Kerkatou ◽  
Souad Hamdouche ◽  
Somia Lassed ◽  
Ouahiba Boumaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Gpx Activity

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective effect of n-BuOH fraction of Genista vepres Pomel and Vitamin E against Isoniazid and Rifampicin (INH-RIF)-induced liver injury. Methods: Male Wistar Albino rats were dividing into eight equal groups treated with plant fraction (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg), vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and INH-RIF (100 mg/kg body weight /day each). At the end of the experiment, animals dissected and samples (blood, liver tissue) were removed and isolated for biochemical and histological studies. Results : Administration of INH-RIF for 21 days resulted in hepatic failure as evidenced by the elevation of biochemical parameters levels, and hepatic oxidative stress, which was associated with extensive hepatic parenchyma alteration. The pretreatment of the rat with G. vepres Pomel attenuated the increase of hepatic dysfunction markers, decreased significantly the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Increased GSH level, GPx and catalase activities compared to INH-RIF treated group. However, the Vitamin E co-treatment decreased MDA level and increased GPx activity but did not show any effect in catalase or GSH parameters. The histopathological studies in the liver of rats also supported that both plant fraction and vitamin E markedly reduced the toxicity of INH-RIF and preserved the histoarchitecture of liver tissue. Conclusion: The results suggested that the n-BuOH fraction of G. vepres Pomel acts as a potent hepatoprotective agent against INH-RIF induced Hepatic dysfunction in rats.

scholarly journals Effects of prolonged atherogenic diet on lipid status and some antioxidant parameters in rat blood

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Sasko Velkovski ◽  
Verica Milosevic ◽  
Snezana Ristic ◽  
Sladjan Pavlovic ◽  
Zorica Saicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Lipid Status

In this study we measured the effects of eight-week atherogenic diet on plasma lipid status, glutathione- S-transferase activity, red blood cells-catalase activity, and glutathione and vitamin E plasma level adult male Wistar albino rats. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation 24 h after the end of the diet. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol plasma levels, as well as LDL/HDL ratio, and vitamin E plasma level significantly raised (p<0,05) after the diet in comparison with the controls. HDL cholesterol plasma level glutathione- -S-transferase and red blood cells-catalase activities, and glutathione plasma level remained unchanged (p>0,05). These findings demonstrated that prolonged specific atherogenic diet in rats induced significant raise of the lipid parameters, but did not affect blood antioxidant status.

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, CYPERMETHRIN AND THEIR INTERACTION IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Asmaa ELnamaky ◽  
Amal Halawa ◽  
Mamdouh Abouelmaged
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Pituitary Glands

he present work was designed to investigate the reproductive toxicity induced by oral administration of chlorpyrifos (CPF), cypermethrin (CYP) and their combination in adult male albino rats. Forty mature male albino rats were separated into four groups (10 each), the first group was used as control, while second, third and fourth groups received orally 1/20 LD50 of CPF (10 mg/kg b.wt), 1/20 LD50 of CYP (17.22 mg/kg b.wt) and 1/40 LD50 of CPF plus 1/40 LD50 of CYP (5 mg/kg b.wt CPF plus 8.61 mg/kg b.wt CYP) respectively for 26 days. The results revealed that exposure to CPF and/or CYP induced a significant decrease in the reproductive organs weight. Moreover, a significant decrease in spermatic picture (sperm cell concentration and viability) was observed with high percent of sperm abnormalities. Serum levels of testosterone and pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and LH) have been declined significantly in all treated groups. Significant elevations were observed in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations, while antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were decreased significantly as a result of induced oxidative stress. A significant drop in prostatic acid phosphatase activity was observed. Additionally, the results showed some histopathological alterations in the reproductive organs as well as neurological lesions in brain and pituitary glands. In conclusion, CPF and CYP induce deleterious effects on reproductive efficiency of male rats which reflect more obvious impacts when both combined

Renal Alterations Induced by Chronic Exposure to Therapeutic Doses of Antihypercholestremic Atorvastatin

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Al-Doaiss ◽  
Yazun Jarrar ◽  
Ali Shati ◽  
Mohammad Alfaifi ◽  
Mohammed Al-Kahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Capillary ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Alterations ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Basement Membrane Thickening ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Myelin Figure ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background: Atorvastatin (ATOR) is widely used for the treatment and prevention of hypercholesterolemia and various diseases, such as cardiovascular complication, with little data about the histopathological and ultrastructural renal alterations that might be induced by this drug. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential toxicity of therapeutic doses of atorvastatin on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of renal tissues from Wistar albino rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats received an oral daily dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 90 consecutive days. Biopsies from both kidneys of each study rat were taken for histopathological and ultrastructural examination. Results: ATOR-treated rats exhibited glomerular, tubular, and interstitial histological alterations, including degeneration, necrosis, hyaline droplets, edema, cortical hemorrhages, mesangial hypercellularity, and blood capillary dilation and congestion. In addition, ATOR exposure increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase with a concurrent reduction in proteins and neutral mucosubstances content of the glomeruli and renal cells. Moreover, ATOR-treated animals demonstrated glomerular ultrastructural alterations, consisting mainly of capillary tuft dilatation, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and mesangial cell proliferation. The renal cells of the proximal tubules demonstrated damaged mitochondria, degenerative cellular changes, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, lysosomal and autophagosome activation, nuclear alteration, myelin figure formation, and microvilli disorganization. Conclusion: The findings of the present work may indicate that ATOR can induce renal histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural alterations that may affect kidney and other vital organ function.

scholarly journals Targeting ROS/NF-κB sigaling pathway by the seedless black Vitis vinifera polyphenols in CCl4-intoxicated kidney, lung, brain, and spleen in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha H. Habashy ◽  
Ahmad S. Kodous ◽  
Marwa M. Abu-Serie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an abundant environmental pollutant that can generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress in different human and animal organs like the kidney, lung, brain, and spleen, causing toxicity. The present study evaluated the alleviative mechanism of the isolated polyphenolic fraction from seedless (pulp and skin) black Vitis vinifera (VVPF) on systemic oxidative and necroinflammatory stress in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Here, we found that the administration of VVPF to CCl4-intoxicated rats for ten days was obviously ameliorated the CCl4-induced systemic elevation in ROS, NO and TBARS levels, as well as MPO activity. Also, it upregulated the cellular activities of the enzymatic (SOD, and GPx) and non-enzymatic (TAC and GSH) antioxidants. Furthermore, the gene expression of the ROS-related necroinflammatory mediators (NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α) in the kidney, brain, and spleen, as well as IL-1β, and IL-8 in the lung were greatly restored. The histopathological studies confirmed these biochemical results and showed a noticeable enhancing effect in the architecture of the studied organs after VVPF intake. Thus, this study indicated that VVPF had an alleviative effect on CCl4-induced necroinflammation and oxidative stress in rat kidney, lung, brain, and spleen via controlling the ROS/NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin Toxicity can be Ameliorated during Antioxidant L-Carnitine Supplementation

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman A. Alshabanah ◽  
Mohamed M. Hafez ◽  
Mohamed M. Al-Harbi ◽  
Zeinab K. Hassan ◽  
Salim S. Al Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Cumulative Dose ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Doxorubicin is an antibiotic broadly used in treatment of different types of solid tumors. The present study investigates whether L-carnitine, antioxidant agent, can reduce the hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: group 1 was intraperitoneal injected with normal saline for 10 consecutive days; group 2, 3 and 4 were injected every other day with doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, i.p.), to obtain treatments with cumulative doses of 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg. The fifth group was injected with L-carnitine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days and the sixth group was received doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (200 mg/kg). High cumulative dose of doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) significantly increases the biochemical levels of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) p < 0.05 and decrease in glutathione (GSH ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHP x), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activity p < 0.05. The effect of doxorubicin on the activity of antioxidant genes was confirmed by real time PCR in which the expression levels of these genes in liver tissue were significantly decrease compared to control p < 0.05. Interestingly, L-carnitine supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and gene expression levels induced by doxorubicin to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that the reduction of antioxidant defense during doxorubicin administration resulted in hepatic injury could be prevented by L-carnitine supplementation by decreasing the oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and gene expression level of antioxidant enzymes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document