scholarly journals Approaching Multifunctionality by a ‘Normative View’: Finnish Farmers’ Visions on Contemporary Agriculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvio Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Liberalization ◽  
Agricultural Change ◽  
International Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Policy Context

Abstract Productivity alone is not the most important defining character of contemporary agriculture. On the grounds of the dominant models of market liberalization and multifunctionality, farmers have been urged to take new roles beyond food production. By deploying a ’normative’ view of multifunctionality, based on the acknowledgment of spatial heterogeneity, and on an actor-oriented explanation of agricultural change, this paper investigates Finnish farmers’ visions on the redefined and redifining role of contemporary agriculture. From a review and anaylsis of sixteen qualitative semi-structured interviews, it emerges that such visions — through their components of identity, opponent, and project — are constructed upon three factors which are linked to each other to a various extent: 1) farming contingent conditions (as location, climate, terrain); 2) externalities (including international policy environment, and market liberalization); 3) farmers’ personal views on profitability and risk. In a policy context dominated by uncertainty, decision-making has shifted mainly from the national to the international level, and the collected data supports the dominance of productivist actions and thoughts. On one hand, farmers still tend to prioritize the continuity of production, which contribute both to resistance identity, and to the identification of a variety of opponents. Yet on the other hand, farmers are, to an embryonic stage, upgrading themselves to meet the challenges faced by contemporary agriculture.

scholarly journals Psychological issues in football officiating: An interview study with top-level referees

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Schnyder ◽  
Ernst-Joachim Hossner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
The One

The present study aims on the identification of problems in the practice of top-level football refereeing. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from 23 European elite referees. Through inductive content analysis, seven higher-order themes emerged: (1) descriptive, (2) characteristics of a good elite referee, (3) difficulties in decision-making, (4) pre-match preparation, (5) communication through headset, (6) decision-making, and (7) decision-making training. On the one hand, the findings underline the practical relevance of existing scientific research; on the other hand, the relevance of some areas of research, for instance, on the role of biases, is questioned by the interviewees’ statements. A particular need for further research could be revealed regarding the development, optimisation, or evaluation of (1) the pre-match preparation, (2) supporting technical devices, (3) innovative training tools for decision-making, (4) the within-team communication, and (5) complementary methods such as mental practice.

Regret in Decision Making

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Connolly ◽  
Marcel Zeelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Decision Research

Decision research has only recently started to take seriously the role of emotions in choices and decisions. Regret is the emotion that has received the most attention. In this article, we sample a number of the initial regret studies from psychology and economics, and trace some of the complexities and contradictions to which they led. We then sketch a new theory, decision justification theory (DJT), which synthesizes several apparently conflicting findings. DJT postulates two core components of decision–related regret, one associated with the (comparative) evaluation of the outcome, the other with the feeling of self–blame for having made a poor choice. We reinterpret several existing studies in DJT terms. We then report some new studies that directly tested (and support) DJT, and propose a number of research issues that follow from this new approach to regret.

Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust

2009 ◽  
pp. 2316-2323
Author(s):  
Rino Falcone ◽  
Cristiano Castelfranchi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Interaction Traces ◽  
Cooperative Models ◽  
Support Decision Making

Humans have learned to cooperate in many ways and in many environments, on different tasks, and for achieving different and several goals. Collaboration and cooperation in their more general sense (and, in particular, negotiation, exchange, help, delegation, adoption, and so on) are important characteristics - or better, the most foundational aspects - of human societies (Tuomela, 1995). In the evolution of cooperative models, a fundamental role has been played by diverse constructs of various kinds (purely interactional, technical-legal, organizational, socio-cognitive, etc.), opportunely introduced (or spontaneously emerged) to support decision making in collaborative situations. The new scenarios we are destined to meet in the third millennium transfigure the old frame of reference, in that we have to consider new channels and infrastructures (i.e., the Internet), new artificial entities for cooperating with artificial or software agents, and new modalities of interaction (suggested/imposed by both the new channels and the new entities). In fact, it is changing the identification of the potential partners, the perception of the other agents, the space-temporal context in which interaction happen, the nature of the interaction traces, the kind and role of the authorities and guarantees, etc. For coping with these scenarios, it will be necessary to update the traditional supporting decision-making constructs. This effort will be necessary especially to develop the new cybersocieties in such a way as not to miss some of the important cooperative characteristics that are so relevant in human societies.

The role of mobile devices in 21st-century family communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Storch ◽  
Anna V. Ortiz Juarez-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
The Past

Use of media devices has evolved over the past 10–15 years and the resulting effects on family communication are of interest for this study. Through 26 semi-structured interviews, the authors sought to understand the role mobile devices play in family communication. Qualitative grounded theory analysis was used to find themes and interpret results (Creswell, 2013). One overarching paradoxical theme emerged from these data, family connect–family disconnect. In family connect, categories of across distance, reassurances, and boundaries are shared. Within family disconnect, distractions, misunderstandings, and negative emotional responses are conveyed. Future research avenues recommended are decision making related to mobile devices based on values and morals, in-depth social media and app usage, emoji emotional responses, individuals under 18 and between 18 and 30 years old, and a network analysis of one extended family.

scholarly journals Influential Factors and the Realization Mechanism of Sustainable Information-Sharing in Virtual Communities from a Knowledge Fermenting Perspective

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402097400
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Minghe Sun ◽  
Datian Bi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Communication Environment ◽  
Catalytic Role

Little is known about sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities, although it is increasingly recognized as a useful information-sharing tool. The aim of this study is to explore the influential factors and the realization mechanism of sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities. Starting from the similarity between biological fermentation and the information-sharing process in virtual communities, the present study creatively introduces the knowledge fermenting theory used in the analysis. Six factors influencing sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities are first identified based on this theory, which include sharing bodies, interactive topics, communication mechanism, supporting technology, communication environment, and platform scale. The relations among these six factors are then analyzed using the Decision-Making and Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The results indicate that the factor of sharing bodies has the strongest influence on other factors and the factor of interactive topics receives the most influences from the other factors. On this basis, the realization mechanism of sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities is elaborated from the following four aspects: the four stages of the information-sharing realization, the guide role of “strain,” the catalytic role of “enzyme,” and the effect of environment. The results indicate that sustainable information-sharing in virtual communities is a process of spiral evolution. Finally, recommendations are given to virtual community managers, users, and business firms.

Education about Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs—A Challenge to Our Schools

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Eiseman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
Curriculum Framework ◽  
Dynamic Programs

The author describes the most serious problem of drug abuse in the nation's schools. He attempts to describe the role of the school and its responsibility as a preventive agent or deterrent to youthful drug abuse. The epidemic proportions of drug abuse in our schools could be effectively diminished with the necessary ingredients for successful results. These ingredients should include such items as thought, inquiry, analysis, evaluation and decision-making. The writer further describes how health education classes with realistic and dynamic programs of instruction can also serve as effective deterrents to youthful drug abuse. He further describes a method in which the other disciplines that make up the instructional program of a school can reinforce the health and drug education program, thus building up a total educational thrust within the existing curriculum framework.

Beliefs and concerns African American (AA) and white (W) patients (pts) with breast, lung, and colon cancer bring to bear on the decision to undergo chemotherapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9076-9076
Author(s):  
D. Smith ◽  
B. N. Polite ◽  
F. Hlubocky ◽  
S. Gehlert ◽  
C. K. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physician Trust ◽  
To Receive

9076 Background: AA have poorer stage-specific survival for breast, colon and lung cancer than whites and are also less likely to receive therapy for these cancers. This study seeks to explore the set of beliefs and concerns patients with primarily resected breast, lung, and colon cancer bring to bear on the decision to receive chemotherapy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded by a non-physician, African-American interviewer on patients with colon, breast, and lung cancer referred to medical oncology for chemotherapy. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze and code the interview transcripts. Results: A total of 27 interviews were conducted (17AA, 10W) including pts with breast (5), colon (6) and lung cancer (16). All but 7 of the pts were referred for adjuvant therapy. Three major themes emerged: (1) Patient versus physician control in decision making; (2) Absolute trust in one's physician versus qualified trust; (3) Major role of God in the decision making process versus a partnership or minimal role of God. In terms of decision-making, roughly equal portions of AA and W (53% vs 54%) expressed a patient centered locus of control. In the area of trust, AA were less likely to express an absolute trust in their physicians (59% vs. 80%). Finally, with respect to the role of God, AA were more likely to express a major role of God for their cancer and treatment (41% vs. 7%). Very few pts viewed the opinion or advice of family or friends as important and while many expressed concerns about the side-effects of therapy, very few identified that as being an important factor in their decision to undergo therapy. Conclusions: Issues of locus of control, physician trust and the role of God were areas identified as important in the chemotherapy decision-making process and for which variability existed among the pts interviewed. Analysis of these interviews informed the incorporation of validated measures of decision-making, physician trust, and the role of God as a locus of control in an ongoing close-coded survey of a similar cancer population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Exploring Student Motivation in Quranic Memorization in Selected Islamic Secondary Schools (a Case Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Nik Md Saiful Azizi Nik Abdullah ◽  
Fathiyah Solehah Mohd Sabbri ◽  
Rabi'atul Athirah Muhammad Isa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Parental Guidance

This article sought to explore the student motivation in memorizing the Quran. A qualitative study through semi-structured interviews with six participants was done to gain data for this study. The findings showed that parents, teachers and the participants themselves influenced student motivation in memorising the Quran. The role of parental guidance and advice was the most influential factor leading to cause among students in learning the Quran. Implications of this study, the students themselves and teachers also were the source of motivation to memorize. At the same time, teachers should always assist and help students in their memorization of the Quran. That way, students will feel more confident to continue their memorization. Therefore, this study can be helpful as a reference in lowering the gap in motivation in Quranic memorization. Hence, the researchers believe that this study will help the other researchers continue and elaborate more on Quranic memorization about the cause.

scholarly journals ON THE ROLE OF POLITICAL FACTORS IN INTEGRATION PROCESSES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MERCOSUR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Дина Пайгина ◽  
Dina Paygina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Level ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
International Integration ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Mutual Relations

The article analyzes the role of political factors in integration processes. Their implementation is a key component of the foreign policy of any state. As is generally known, the strategy of mutual relations of various countries is determined by a number of political factors, taking into account the interests of the community or competition in various spheres of cooperation. At the same time political factors are seen as the driving force of any process imposed by a public authority. It seems that the effect of political factors in this context is reflected in the fact that during the decision-making the stakeholders of the international integration seek to satisfy their own interests. The condition of mutually beneficial relationships, which has a clear political and economic context, is one of the key conditions in resolving the issue of states’ entering into the integration process. The content of political factors includes not only the political nature of states’ activities at the international level, but also the causes and the circumstances under which these decisions were taken. Thus, political factors are one of the major reasons for making key decisions in the implementation of international integration processes.

scholarly journals La veille stratégique entre l'efficacité décisionnelle et l’optimisation de la gouvernance : Etude restreinte dans les organismes publics tunisiens

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostapha Tayeb Ben Amor ◽  
Fatma Chichti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Internal Knowledge

In this article, we highlight the role of strategic watch in aperspective of decision-making efficiency for a better optimization of governance, and thiswithin the framework of a limited study on five (5) Tunisian public organisms. An exploratorystudy was carried out through five semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that theuse of watch practices is essential for internal knowledge sharing, transparency andadministrative openness. A new frame work that tends to improve the decision-making system.It also allows the decision-maker to move from a state of self-satisfaction to a situation ofacceptance of his decision by his environment in a climate of optimal governance.

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