The Modification of Carbon Included Polyethylene Surface by Plasma Treatment for Metallizing Using a Low Pressure RF Discharge Plasma

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeou-Long Lee ◽  
Chung-Ming Liu ◽  
Kuen Ting ◽  
Wei-Kung Cheng ◽  
Takayoshi Tsuchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Rf Discharge ◽  
Nickel Layer ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Polyethylene Surface

AbstractSurface modification of the carbon included polyethylene (semi-conductive PE) surface for metallizing using a low pressure RF discharge plasma has been carried out. The contact angle was used as a measure of the wettability of the PE surface. The roughness and the chemical bondings in PE surface layer were analized by DFM and XPS, respectively. Typical results show that the contact angle decreases from approximately 94° to below 10° after several minutes' treatment and recovers to a saturation value when it was put open to the air after treatment. The saturation value of the contact angle is smaller as the gas pressure for treatment is higher and the treatment time is longer but all are below approximately 60° which is still smaller than that of untreated. DFM and XPS results show that the surface roughness and the bondings C-O and C=O in the PE surface layer also increase with increasing the treatment time and seem to be responsible for improving the hydrophilic property of PE. After pretreatment process, nickel was coated on the PE sheet by electrodeposition method and a good adhesion between the nickel layer and the PE surface compared with that of untreated was obtained.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE LAYER HIGH CHROME AUSTENITIC STEEL, SUBMITTED TO ION-PLASMA NITROGEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 805-815
Author(s):  
Юрий Федорович Иванов ◽  
Елизавета Алексеевна Петрикова ◽  
Сергей Витальевич Лыков ◽  
Юлия Александровна Денисова ◽  
Олег Сергеевич Толкачев
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Iron Nitride ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Ion Nitriding ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Gas Discharge Plasma

Ионное азотирование является одним из наиболее распространенных способов поверхностного упрочнения деталей и инструмента. Цель настоящей работы - выявление и анализ закономерностей преобразования структуры и свойств поверхностного слоя высокохромистой нержавеющей стали, подвергнутой низкотемпературному азотированию в плазме газового разряда низкого давления. Установлено, что насыщение азотом (793 К, 3 час.) аустенитной высокохромистой стали 202318 в плазме газового разряда низкого давления сопровождается формированием в слое толщиной (55 - 60) мкм структуры пластинчатого типа с чередующимися пластинами аустенита и нитрида железа (поперечные размеры пластин не превышают 10 нм), микротвердость и износостойкость которой превышают в 6,5 раз и более чем в 400 раз соответствующие характеристики исходного состояния. Ion nitriding is one of the most common methods of surface hardening of parts and tools. The purpose of this work is to identify and analyze the laws governing the transformation of the structure and properties of the surface layer of high-chromium stainless steel subjected to low-temperature nitriding in a low-pressure gas discharge plasma. It was found that the saturation with nitrogen (793 K, 3 hours) of austenitic high-chromium steel 20X23H18 in a low-pressure gas discharge plasma is accompanied by the formation of a plate type structure with alternating plates of austenite and iron nitride in a layer (55 - 60) µm thick (transverse plate sizes do not exceed 10 nm), the microhardness and wear resistance of which exceed the microhardness of the initial state by 6,5 times, wear resistance - more than 400 times.

scholarly journals Developing Super-Hydrophobic and Abrasion-Resistant Wool Fabrics Using Low-Pressure Hexafluoroethane Plasma Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3228
Author(s):  
Shama Parveen ◽  
Sohel Rana ◽  
Parikshit Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Wool Fabrics

The growing interest in wool fibres as an eco-friendly and sustainable material for diverse industrial applications requires an enhancement of their functional performance. To address this, wool fabrics were treated in the present research with low-pressure hexafluoroethane (C2F6) plasma to impart superhydrophobicity and improve their abrasion resistance. Unscoured and scoured wool fabrics were treated with C2F6 while varying plasma power (80 W and 150 W), gas flow rate (12 sccm and 50 sccm) and treatment time (6 min and 20 min), and the effect of plasma parameters on the abrasion resistance, water contact angle and dyeing behaviour of the wool fabrics was studied. Martindale abrasion testing showed that the surface abrasion of the wool fabrics increased with the number of abrasion cycles, and the samples treated with 150 W, 20 min, 12 sccm showed superior abrasion resistance. The scoured wool fabrics showed a contact angle of ~124°, which was stable for only 4 min 40 s, whereas the plasma-treated samples showed a stable contact angle of over 150°, exhibiting a stable superhydrophobic behaviour. The C2F6 plasma treatment also significantly reduced the exhaustion of an acid dye by wool fabrics. The EDX study confirmed the deposition of fluorine-containing elements on the wool fabrics significantly altering their properties.

Surface Modification of Polybenzimidazole (PBI) with Microwave Generated Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Photo-oxidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Kovach ◽  
Samuel Boyd ◽  
Anthony Garcia ◽  
Andrew Fleischer ◽  
Katerine Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Photo Oxidation

Background: Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is used in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) and redox flow batteries, where proton transfer occurs with the nitrogen-containing groups in PBI, and in aerospace applications exposed to oxygen and radiation. Objective: The objective is to investigate VUV photo-oxidation of PBI for the first time in order to incorporate polar functional groups on the surface to potentially enhance proton conductivity in HT-PEMFCs. Methods: A low-pressure microwave discharge of Ar generated 104.8 and 106.7 nm vacuum UV (VUV) radiation to treat PBI with VUV photo-oxidation. Analysis was done with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to detect changes in chemistry, surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and adhesion, respectively. Results : XPS showed: an increase in the O concentration up to a saturation level of 15 ± 1 at %; a decrease of the C concentration by about the same amount; and little change in the N concentration. With increasing treatment time, there were significant decreases in the concentrations of C-C sp2, C-C sp3 and C=N groups, and increases in the concentration of C=O, O-C=O, O-(C=O)-O, C-N, and N-C=O containing moieties. The water contact angle decreased from 83° for pristine PBI down to 43°, making the surface more hydrophilic, primarily due to the oxidation, since AFM detected no significant changes in surface roughness. TGA analysis showed an improvement of water adhesion to the treated surface. Conclusion: Microwave generated VUV photo-oxidation is an effective technique for oxidizing the surface of PBI and increasing hydrophilicity.

scholarly journals Smart adhesion by surface treatment experimental and theoretical insights

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2355-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxia Wang ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Guoliang Liu ◽  
Yu Ren ◽  
Jinchun Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix

To investigate how plasma treatment affected the surface structure and adhesion to polypropylene matrix and unsaturated polyester matrix, green abaca fibers were treated by low temperature plasma under different plasma processing parameters including treatment time, output power, and working gas. Abaca fibers were characterized by atomic force microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle and interfacial shear strength. The results of contact angle and interfacial shear strength were consistent with the changes in surface roughness and the atomic ratio of the plasma treated abaca fibers with treatment time, output power, and working gas. It was concluded that the surface roughness and atomic ratio played a major role in the adhesion improvement of the plasma treated abaca fibers to polypropylene matrix and unsaturated polyester matrix due to the mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding, respectively. The geometrical potential theory was adopted to elucidate the mechanism of the adhesion property.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Treatment Parameters on Wrinkle Features

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Bongjun Gu ◽  
Dongwook Ko ◽  
Sungjin Jo ◽  
Dong Choon Hyun ◽  
Hyeon-Ju Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma ◽  
Optical Adhesive

Wrinkles attract significant attention due to their ability to enhance the mechanical and optical characteristics of various optoelectronic devices. We report the effect of the plasma gas type, power, flow rate, and treatment time on the wrinkle features. When an optical adhesive was treated using a low-pressure plasma of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen, the oxygen and argon plasma generated wrinkles with the lowest and highest wavelengths, respectively. The increase in the power of the nitrogen and oxygen plasma increased the wavelengths and heights of the wrinkles; however, the increase in the power of the argon plasma increased the wavelengths and decreased the heights of the wrinkles. Argon molecules are heavier and smaller than nitrogen and oxygen molecules that have similar weights and sizes; moreover, the argon plasma comprises positive ions while the oxygen and nitrogen plasma comprise negative ions. This resulted in differences in the wrinkle features. It was concluded that a combination of different plasma gases could achieve exclusive control over either the wavelength or the height and allow a thorough analysis of the correlation between the wrinkle features and the characteristics of the electronic devices.

scholarly journals The Hybrid Process of Low-Pressure Carburizing and Metallization (Cr + LPC, Al + LPC) of 17CrNiMo7-6 and 10NiCrMo13-5 Steels

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Paulina Kowalczyk ◽  
Konrad Dybowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Januszewicz ◽  
Radomir Atraszkiewicz ◽  
Marcin Makówka
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Chromium Plating

This paper presents the concept of modification of physicochemical properties of steels by simultaneous diffusion saturation with carbon and chromium or aluminum. The application of a hybrid surface treatment process consisting of a combination of aluminizing and low-pressure carburizing (Al + LPC) resulted in a reduction in the amount of retained austenite in the surface layer of the steel. While the use of chromium plating and low-pressure carburizing (Cr + LPC) induced an improvement in the corrosion resistance of the carburized steels. It is of particular importance in case of vacuum processes after the application of which the active surface corrodes easily, as well as in case of carburizing of low-alloy steel with nickel, where an increased content of retained austenite in the surface layer is found after carburizing.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Layered SiC-Graphene Composites for EDM

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Ondrej Hanzel ◽  
Zoltán Lenčéš ◽  
Peter Tatarko ◽  
Richard Sedlák ◽  
Ivo Dlouhý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
Layered Composites ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Electric Discharge Machining ◽  
Layer Sequence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scratch Tests

Three and five-layered silicon carbide-based composites containing 0, 5, and 15 wt.% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared with the aim to obtain a sufficiently high electrical conductivity in the surface layer suitable for electric discharge machining (EDM). The layer sequence in the asymmetric three-layered composites was SiC/SiC-5GNPs/SiC-15GNPs, while in the symmetric five-layered composite, the order of layers was SiC-15GNPs/SiC-5GNPs/SiC/SiC-5GNPs/SiC-15GNPs. The layered samples were prepared by rapid hot-pressing (RHP) applying various pressures, and it was shown that for the preparation of dense 3- or 5-layered SiC/GNPs composites, at least 30 MPa of the applied load was required during sintering. The electrical conductivity of 3-layered and 5-layered composites increased significantly with increasing sintering pressure when measured on the SiC surface layer containing 15 wt.% of GNPs. The increasing GNPs content had a positive influence on the electrical conductivity of individual layers, while their instrumented hardness and elastic modulus decreased. The scratch tests confirmed that the materials consisted of well-defined layers with straight interfaces without any delamination, which suggests good adhesion between the individual layers.

Effect of Water Temperature, pH Value, and Film Thickness on the Wettability Behaviour of Copper Surfaces Coated with Copper Using EB-PVD Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 124-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Ali ◽  
Joao Amaral Teixeira ◽  
Abdulmajid Addali
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Copper Surfaces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Static Contact

This research investigates the effect of surface roughness, water temperature, and pH value on the wettability behaviour of copper surfaces. An electron beam physical vapour deposition technique was used to fabricate 25, 50, and 75 nm thin films of copper on the surface of copper substrates. Surface topographical analysis, of the uncoated and coated samples, was performed using an atomic force microscopy device to observe the changes in surface microstructure. A goniometer device was then employed to examine the surface wettability of the samples by obtaining the static contact angle between the liquid and the attached surface using the sessile drops technique. Waters of pH 4, 7, and 9 were employed as the contact angle testing fluids at a set of fixed temperatures that ranged from 20°C to 60°C. It was found that increasing the deposited film thickness reduces the surface roughness of the as-prepared copper surfaces and thus causing the surface wettability to diverge from its initial hydrophobic nature towards the hydrophilic behaviour region. A similar divergence behaviour was seen with the rise in temperature of water of pH 4, and 9. In contrast, the water of pH 7, when tested on the uncoated surface, ceased to reach a contact angle below 90o. It is believed that the observed changes in surface wettability behaviour is directly linked to the liquid temperature, pH value, surface roughness, along with the Hofmeister effect between the water and the surface in contact.

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