scholarly journals Bio-surface engineering with DNA scaffolds for theranostic applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwei Wang ◽  
Wei Lai ◽  
Tiantian Man ◽  
Xiangmeng Qu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Surface Functionality ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Theranostic Applications

Abstract Biosensor design is important to bioanalysis yet challenged by the restricted target accessibility at the biomolecule-surface (bio-surface). The last two decades have witnessed the appearance of various “art-like” DNA nanostructures in one, two, or three dimensions, and DNA nanostructures have attracted tremendous attention for applications in diagnosis and therapy due to their unique properties (e.g., mechanical flexibility, programmable control over their shape and size, easy and high-yield preparation, precise spatial addressability and biocompatibility). DNA nanotechnology is capable of providing an effective approach to control the surface functionality, thereby increasing the molecular recognition ability at the biosurface. Herein, we present a critical review of recent progress in the development of DNA nanostructures in one, two and three dimensions and highlight their biological applications including diagnostics and therapeutics. We hope that this review provides a guideline for bio-surface engineering with DNA nanostructures.

scholarly journals Constructing Large 2D Lattices Out of DNA-Tiles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Johannes M. Parikka ◽  
Karolina Sokołowska ◽  
Nemanja Markešević ◽  
J. Jussi Toppari
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Dna Tiles ◽  
One Step ◽  
Solid Liquid

The predictable nature of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) interactions enables assembly of DNA into almost any arbitrary shape with programmable features of nanometer precision. The recent progress of DNA nanotechnology has allowed production of an even wider gamut of possible shapes with high-yield and error-free assembly processes. Most of these structures are, however, limited in size to a nanometer scale. To overcome this limitation, a plethora of studies has been carried out to form larger structures using DNA assemblies as building blocks or tiles. Therefore, DNA tiles have become one of the most widely used building blocks for engineering large, intricate structures with nanometer precision. To create even larger assemblies with highly organized patterns, scientists have developed a variety of structural design principles and assembly methods. This review first summarizes currently available DNA tile toolboxes and the basic principles of lattice formation and hierarchical self-assembly using DNA tiles. Special emphasis is given to the forces involved in the assembly process in liquid-liquid and at solid-liquid interfaces, and how to master them to reach the optimum balance between the involved interactions for successful self-assembly. In addition, we focus on the recent approaches that have shown great potential for the controlled immobilization and positioning of DNA nanostructures on different surfaces. The ability to position DNA objects in a controllable manner on technologically relevant surfaces is one step forward towards the integration of DNA-based materials into nanoelectronic and sensor devices.

scholarly journals Stimuli Responsive, Programmable DNA Nanodevices for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udisha Singh ◽  
Vinod Morya ◽  
Bhaskar Datta ◽  
Chinmay Ghoroi ◽  
Dhiraj Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Of the multiple areas of applications of DNA nanotechnology, stimuli-responsive nanodevices have emerged as an elite branch of research owing to the advantages of molecular programmability of DNA structures and stimuli-responsiveness of motifs and DNA itself. These classes of devices present multiples areas to explore for basic and applied science using dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Herein, we take the stake in the recent progress of this fast-growing sub-area of DNA nanotechnology. We discuss different stimuli, motifs, scaffolds, and mechanisms of stimuli-responsive behaviours of DNA nanodevices with appropriate examples. Similarly, we present a multitude of biological applications that have been explored using DNA nanodevices, such as biosensing, in vivo pH-mapping, drug delivery, and therapy. We conclude by discussing the challenges and opportunities as well as future prospects of this emerging research area within DNA nanotechnology.

Recent Progress in Chemosensors Using Aldehyde-bearing Fluorophores for the Detection of Specific Analytes and their Bioimaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 4003-4028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Yaqiong Zhang ◽  
Caixia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Nucleophilic Addition ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Fluorescence Probes ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Convenient Procedure ◽  
Nucleophilic Mechanism

In recent years, aldehyde-appended fluorescence probes have attracted increasing attention. Fluorescent biological imaging includes many modern applications for cell and tissue imaging in biomedical research. Meanwhile, the nucleophilic mechanism is a very simple and convenient procedure for the preparation of aldehyde-sensing probes. This tutorial review focuses on aldehyde-bearing chemosensors based on nucleophilic addition mechanism with biological applications.

scholarly journals Strategies to Build Hybrid Protein–DNA Nanostructures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Armando Hernandez-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructures ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Hybrid Protein ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Structural Dna Nanotechnology

Proteins and DNA exhibit key physical chemical properties that make them advantageous for building nanostructures with outstanding features. Both DNA and protein nanotechnology have growth notably and proved to be fertile disciplines. The combination of both types of nanotechnologies is helpful to overcome the individual weaknesses and limitations of each one, paving the way for the continuing diversification of structural nanotechnologies. Recent studies have implemented a synergistic combination of both biomolecules to assemble unique and sophisticate protein–DNA nanostructures. These hybrid nanostructures are highly programmable and display remarkable features that create new opportunities to build on the nanoscale. This review focuses on the strategies deployed to create hybrid protein–DNA nanostructures. Here, we discuss strategies such as polymerization, spatial directing and organizing, coating, and rigidizing or folding DNA into particular shapes or moving parts. The enrichment of structural DNA nanotechnology by incorporating protein nanotechnology has been clearly demonstrated and still shows a large potential to create useful and advanced materials with cell-like properties or dynamic systems. It can be expected that structural protein–DNA nanotechnology will open new avenues in the fabrication of nanoassemblies with unique functional applications and enrich the toolbox of bionanotechnology.

scholarly journals Hybrid Nanoassemblies from Viruses and DNA Nanostructures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Sofia Ojasalo ◽  
Petteri Piskunen ◽  
Boxuan Shen ◽  
Mauri A. Kostiainen ◽  
Veikko Linko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Immune Cell Activation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Dna Nanotechnology

Viruses are among the most intriguing nanostructures found in nature. Their atomically precise shapes and unique biological properties, especially in protecting and transferring genetic information, have enabled a plethora of biomedical applications. On the other hand, structural DNA nanotechnology has recently emerged as a highly useful tool to create programmable nanoscale structures. They can be extended to user defined devices to exhibit a wide range of static, as well as dynamic functions. In this review, we feature the recent development of virus-DNA hybrid materials. Such structures exhibit the best features of both worlds by combining the biological properties of viruses with the highly controlled assembly properties of DNA. We present how the DNA shapes can act as “structured” genomic material and direct the formation of virus capsid proteins or be encapsulated inside symmetrical capsids. Tobacco mosaic virus-DNA hybrids are discussed as the examples of dynamic systems and directed formation of conjugates. Finally, we highlight virus-mimicking approaches based on lipid- and protein-coated DNA structures that may elicit enhanced stability, immunocompatibility and delivery properties. This development also paves the way for DNA-based vaccines as the programmable nano-objects can be used for controlling immune cell activation.

scholarly journals Organic dots (O-dots) for theranostic applications: preparation and surface engineering

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2253-2291
Author(s):  
Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli ◽  
Elmira Kohan ◽  
Sepand Tehrani Fateh ◽  
Neda Alimirzaei ◽  
Hamidreza Arzaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Theranostic Applications

Organic dots is a term used to represent materials including graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots because they rely on the presence of other atoms (O, H, and N) for their photoluminescence or fluorescence properties. Cargo delivery, bio-imaging, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are major biomedical applications of organic dots.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporally programmable cascade hybridization of hairpin DNA in polymeric nanoframework for precise siRNA delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Wenting Yu ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
Yuhang Dong ◽  
Xiaohui Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steric Effect ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Dna Nanotechnology ◽  
Hybridization Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Hairpins ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Dna And Rna

AbstractDNA nanostructures have been demonstrated as promising carriers for gene delivery. In the carrier design, spatiotemporally programmable assembly of DNA under nanoconfinement is important but has proven highly challenging due to the complexity–scalability–error of DNA. Herein, a DNA nanotechnology-based strategy via the cascade hybridization chain reaction (HCR) of DNA hairpins in polymeric nanoframework has been developed to achieve spatiotemporally programmable assembly of DNA under nanoconfinement for precise siRNA delivery. The nanoframework is prepared via precipitation polymerization with Acrydite-DNA as cross-linker. The potential energy stored in the loops of DNA hairpins can overcome the steric effect in the nanoframework, which can help initiate cascade HCR of DNA hairpins and achieve efficient siRNA loading. The designer tethering sequence between DNA and RNA guarantees a triphosadenine triggered siRNA release specifically in cellular cytoplasm. Nanoframework provides stability and ease of functionalization, which helps address the complexity–scalability–error of DNA. It is exemplified that the phenylboronate installation on nanoframework enhanced cellular uptake and smoothed the lysosomal escape. Cellular results show that the siRNA loaded nanoframework down-regulated the levels of relevant mRNA and protein. In vivo experiments show significant therapeutic efficacy of using siPLK1 loaded nanoframework to suppress tumor growth.

scholarly journals ZnO/RGO Heterojunction Based near Room Temperature Alcohol SENSOR with Improved Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Ghosal ◽  
Partha Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Energy Band Diagram ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Ethanol Sensor ◽  
Vapor Sensing

The systematic optimization of surface engineering (dimensionality) indeed plays a crucial role in achieving efficient vapor-sensing performance. Among various semiconducting metal oxides, owing to some of its unique features and advantages, ZnO has attracted researchers on a global scale due to its application in various fields, including chemical sensors. The concomitant optimization of the surface attributes (varying different dimensions) of ZnO have become a sensation for the entire research community. Moreover, the small thickness and extremely large surface of exfoliated 2D nanosheets render the gas sensing material an ideal candidate for achieving strong coupling with different gas molecules. However, temperature is a crucial factor in the field of chemical sensing. Recently, graphene-based gas sensors have attracted attention due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances and room temperature working conditions. In this work, a highly sensitive and fast responsive low temperature (60 °C)-based ethanol sensor, based on RGO/2D ZnO nanosheets hybrid structure, is reported. After detailed characterizations, the vapor sensing potentiality of this sensor was tested for the detection of ethanol. The ethanol sensor offered the response magnitude of 89% (100 ppm concentration) with response and recovery time of 12 s/29 s, respectively. Due to excessively high number of active sites for VOC interaction, with high yield synthesis process and appreciably high carrier mobility, this has paved the way for developing future generation, miniaturized and flexible (wearable) vapor sensor devices, meeting the multidimensional requirements for traditional and upcoming (health/medical sector) applications. The underlying mechanistic framework for vapor sensing, using this hybrid junction, is explained with the Energy Band Diagram.

Introduction

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Theory Of Intelligence ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

The world around us abounds with problems requiring creative solutions. Some of these are naturally induced, as when an earthquake levels a city or an epidemic decimates a population. Others are products of our own creation, as in the “need” to curb pollution, to develop a theory of intelligence, or to compose works of art. Still others are a combination of both, as in the development of high-yield grains to feed an overpopulated planet, or the maintenance of health in the face of ravaging diseases. The word problem is used in a general sense to refer to any mental activity having some recognizable goal. The goal itself may not be apparent beforehand. Problems may be characterized by three dimensions relating to domain, difficulty, and size. These attributes are depicted in Figure 1.1. The domain refers to the realm of application. These realms may relate to the sciences, technology, arts, or social crafts. The dimension of difficulty pertains to the conceptual challenge involved in identifying an acceptable solution to the problem. A difficult problem, then, is one that admits no obvious solution, nor even a well-defined approach to seeking it. The size denotes the magnitude of work or resources required to develop a solution and implement it. This attribute differs from the notion of difficulty in that it applies to the stage that comes after a solution has been identified. In other words, difficulty refers to the prior burden in defining a problem or identifying a solution, while size describes the amount of work required to implement or realize the solution once it has jelled conceptually. For convenience in representation on a 2-dimensional page, the domain axis may be compressed into the plane of other attributes. The result is Figure 1.2, which presents sample problems to illustrate the two dimensions of difficulty and size. Cleaning up spilled milk is a trivial problem having numerous simple solutions. In contrast, refacing the subway trains in New York City with a fresh coat of paint is a formidable task that could require hundreds of workyears of effort.

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