Fabrication and evaluation of polylactic acid/pectin composite scaffold via freeze extraction for tissue engineering

AbstractThis work reports the fabrication and characterizations of porous scaffold made up of polylactic acid (PLA) with the inclusion of pectin (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 wt%) for potential tissue engineering material. The composite scaffold was prepared using a facile method of freeze extraction. Based on the physical evaluations, the scaffold was suggested to be optimum at 5 wt% of pectin loading. Water contact angle of the scaffold was significantly reduced to 46.5o with the inclusion of 5 wt% of pectin. Morphological and topographic of the PLA scaffold revealed that the pectin induced more porous structure and its surface became rougher which was suitable for cell attachment and proliferation. In vitro studies of the PLA/pectin composite scaffold using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidelt (MTT) assay revealed good biocompatibility whereas Live-Dead kit assay resulted in 91% cell viability after 7 days of incubation.

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Preparation and properties of a biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(trimethylene carbonate) porous composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj02921a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (34) ◽

pp. 14632-14641 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin Qi ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Xiliang Liu ◽

Qianmao Zhang ◽

Chengdong Xiong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Porous Scaffold ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

High Porosity ◽

Trimethylene Carbonate ◽

Porous Composite ◽

Biodegradable Poly ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Interconnected Pore

New biodegradable PLGA/PTMC composite porous scaffold with high porosity, mechanical properties, significant homogeneous, interconnected pore network and good biocompatibility.

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Development of 3D Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Made from Gelatin and Nano Bioactive Glass for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Composites Letters ◽

10.1177/096369351001900204 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 096369351001900 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M. Mozafari ◽

F. Moztarzadeh ◽

M. Rabiee ◽

M. Azami ◽

N. Nezafati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Study Results ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffold ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffolds ◽

First Time

In this research, macroporous, mechanically competent and bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds have been fabricated from cross-linked gelatine (Gel) and nano bioactive glass (nBG) through layer solvent casting combined with freeze-drying and lamination techniques. This study has developed a new composition to produce a new bioactive nanocomposite which is porous with interconnected microstructure, pore sizes are 200-500 μm, porosity are 72%-86%. Also, we have reported formation of chemical bonds between nBG and Gel for the first time. Finally, the in vitro cytocompatability of the scaffolds was assessed using MTT assay and cell attachment study. Results indicated no sign of toxicity and cells found to be attached to the pore walls offered by the scaffolds. These results suggested that the developed nanocomposite scaffold possess the prerequisites for bone tissue engineering scaffolds and it can be used for tissue engineering applications.

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Acceleration of Bone Regeneration in Critical-Size Defect Using BMP-9-Loaded nHA/ColI/MWCNTs Scaffolds Seeded with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/7343957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ran Zhang ◽

Xuewen Li ◽

Yao Liu ◽

Xiaobo Gao ◽

Tong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Biocompatible scaffolding materials play an important role in bone tissue engineering. This study sought to develop and characterize a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/collagen I (ColI)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite scaffold loaded with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) for bone tissue engineering by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The composite nHA/ColI/MWCNT scaffolds were fabricated at various concentrations of MWCNTs (0.5, 1, and 1.5% wt) by blending and freeze drying. The porosity, swelling rate, water absorption rate, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of scaffolds were measured. After loading with BMP-9, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were seeded to evaluate their characteristics in vitro and in a critical sized defect in Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. It was shown that the 1% MWCNT group was the most suitable for bone tissue engineering. Our results demonstrated that scaffolds loaded with BMP-9 promoted differentiation of BMMSCs into osteoblasts in vitro and induced more bone formation in vivo. To conclude, nHA/ColI/MWCNT scaffolds loaded with BMP-9 possess high biocompatibility and osteogenesis and are a good candidate for use in bone tissue engineering.

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Polycaprolactone-Chitin Nanofibrous Mats as Potential Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2012/635212 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Min Sup Kim ◽

Sang Jun Park ◽

Bon Kang Gu ◽

Chun-Ho Kim

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Water Contact ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Poly Caprolactone ◽

Scanning Electron

We describe here the preparation of poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-chitin nanofibrous mats by electrospinning from a blended solution of PCL and chitin dissolved in a cosolvent, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and trifluoroacetic acid. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the neutralized PCL-chitin nanofibrous mats were morphologically stable, with a mean diameter of340.5±2.6 nm, compared with a diameter of524.2±12.1 nm for PCL mats. The nanofibrous mats showed decreased water contact angles as the proportion of chitin increased. However, the tensile properties of nanofibrous mats containing30~50% (wt/wt) chitin were enhanced compared with PCL-only mats.In vitrostudies showed that the viability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) for up to 7 days in culture was higher on composite (OD value:1.42±0.09) than on PCL-only (0.51±0.14) nanofibrous mats, with viability correlated with chitin concentration. Together, our results suggest that PCL-chitin nanofibrous mats can be used as an implantable substrate to modulate HDF viability in tissue engineering.

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Fabrication of Polycaprolactone Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Using Selective Laser Sintering

Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Handling Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2004-60724 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Brock Partee ◽

Scott J. Hollister ◽

Suman Das

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Human Tissue ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Porous Scaffold ◽

Selective Laser Sintering ◽

Laser Sintering ◽

Processing Parameter ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Porous Architecture ◽

Regenerate Tissue

Tissue engineering combines principles of the life sciences and engineering to replace and repair damaged human tissue. Present practice generally requires the use of porous, bioresorbable scaffolds to serve as temporary 3D templates to guide cell attachment, differentiation, proliferation, and subsequent regenerate tissue formation. Such scaffolds are anticipated to play an important role in allowing physicians to simultaneously reconstruct and regenerate damaged human tissue such as bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon. Recent research strongly suggests the choice of scaffold material and its internal porous architecture significantly influence regenerate tissue structure and function. However, a lack of versatile biomaterials processing and fabrication methods capable of meeting the complex geometric and compositional requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds has slowed progress towards fully testing these promising findings. It is widely accepted that layered manufacturing methods such as selective laser sintering (SLS) have the potential to fulfill these needs. Our research aims to investigate the viability of using SLS to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), one of the most widely investigated biocompatible, bioresorbable materials for tissue engineering applications. In this work, we report our recent progress on porous scaffold design and fabrication, optimal SLS processing parameter development using systematic factorial design of experiments, and structural characterization via optical microscopy.

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Preparation and Characterization of Ha/Gel/β-TCP Microspheres Composite Porous Scaffold

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.782.103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 782 ◽

pp. 103-115

Author(s):

Yang Zi Zhao ◽

You Fa Wang

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Pore Size ◽

Porous Scaffold ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Swelling Ratio ◽

Cell Compatibility ◽

Hydrogel Scaffolds

Being one of the three elements of tissue engineering, three-dimensional porous structure scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering. As it not only prvovide cells for the life, but also serves as a template to guide tissue regeneration and control of organizational structure and other functions. In this study, hyaluronic acid and gelatin are successfully cross-linked by 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) , and compound β-TCP microspheres to prepare porous hydrogel scaffolds. The microspheres were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the same time, the compressive strength, swelling ratio, degradation of the scaffold were tested. To assess the in vitro cell compatibility of the scaffolds, mouse L929 fibroblasts were seeded onto scaffolds for cell morphology and cell viability studies. The results showed that the pore size of the porous scaffold can be adjusted by changing the ratio of gelatin to hyaluronic acid (HA), increasing the proportion of hyaluronic acid in a certain range, pore size will be significantly increased. With the increase of the proportion of hyaluronic acid in the scaffold, the swelling ratio and the degradation rate also increased. The compressive strength of the scaffold increased with the increase of the proportion of gelatin. The appropriate ratio of β-TCP can promote cell growth and proliferation.

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Fabrication, characterisation and in vitro biological activities of a sulfuretin-supplemented nanofibrous composite scaffold for tissue engineering

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra06648d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (56) ◽

pp. 44943-44952 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

YoungWon Koo ◽

Hyeongjin Lee ◽

Suji Kim ◽

No-Joon Song ◽

Jin-Mo Ku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Tissue Growth ◽

Biological Component

A biocomposite consisting of PCL/BMP-2 and sulfuretin/alginate was proposed. Evaluation of in vitro cellular activities demonstrated that the sulfuretin can act as an outstanding biological component for enhancing bone tissue growth.

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Requirements for the Manufacturing of Scaffold Biomaterial With Features at Multiple Scales

Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Handling, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2005-82515 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

I. M. Sebastine ◽

D. J. Williams

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Multiple Scales ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Complex Function ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Orientation ◽

Length Scales

Tissue engineering aims to restore the complex function of diseased tissue using cells and scaffold materials. Tissue engineering scaffolds are three-dimensional (3D) structures that assist in the tissue engineering process by providing a site for cells to attach, proliferate, differentiate and secrete an extra-cellular matrix, eventually leading cells to form a neo-tissue of predetermined, three-dimensional shape and size. For a scaffold to function effectively, it must possess the optimum structural parameters conducive to the cellular activities that lead to tissue formation; these include cell penetration and migration into the scaffold, cell attachment onto the scaffold substrate, cell spreading and proliferation and cell orientation. In vivo, cells are organized in functional tissue units that repeat on the order of 100 μm. Fine scaffold features have been shown to provide control over attachment, migration and differentiation of cells. In order to design such 3D featured constructs effectively understanding the biological response of cells across length scales from nanometer to millimeter range is crucial. Scaffold biomaterials may need to be tailored at three different length scales: nanostructure (<1μm), microstructure (<20–100μm), and macrostructure (>100μm) to produce biocompatible and biofunctional scaffolds that closely resemble the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the natural tissue environment and promote cell adhesion, attachment, spreading, orientation, rate of movement, and activation. Identification of suitable fabrication techniques for manufacturing scaffolds with the required features at multiple scales is a significant challenge. This review highlights the effect and importance of the features of scaffolds that can influence the behaviour of cells/tissue at different length scales in vitro to increase our understanding of the requirements for the manufacture of functional 3D tissue constructs.

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Enhanced in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenesis of titanium substrates immobilized with dopamine-assisted superparamagnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles for hBMSCs

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.172033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 172033 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zhenfei Huang ◽

Zhihong Wu ◽

Bupeng Ma ◽

Lingjia Yu ◽

Yu He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Attachment ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Water Contact ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽

Related Transcription Factor ◽

Nanoparticle Coatings ◽

Bio Compatibility

Titanium (Ti) is an ideal bone substitute due to its superior bio-compatibility and remarkable corrosion resistance. However, in order to improve the osteoconduction and osteoinduction capacities in clinical applications, different kinds of surface modifications are typically applied to Ti alloys. In this study, we fabricated a tightly attached polydopamine-assisted Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle coating on Ti with magnetic properties, aiming to improve the osteogenesis of the Ti substrates. The PDA-assisted Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and water contact angle measurements. The cell attachment and proliferation rate of the human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on the Ti surface significantly improved with the Fe 3 O 4 /PDA coating when compared with the pure Ti without a coating. Furthermore, the results of in vitro alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 7 and 14 days and alizarin red S staining at 14 days showed that the Fe 3 O 4 /PDA coating on Ti promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Moreover, hBMSCs co-cultured with the Fe 3 O 4 /PDA-coated Ti for approximately 14 days also exhibited a significantly higher mRNA expression level of ALP, osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2). Our in vitro results revealed that the present PDA-assisted Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle surface coating is an innovative method for Ti surface modification and shows great potential for clinical applications.

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The Use of Porous Scaffold as a Tumor Model

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2013/396056 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mei Zhang ◽

Philip Boughton ◽

Barbara Rose ◽

C. Soon Lee ◽

Angela M. Hong

Keyword(s):

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Porous Scaffold ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

3D Structure ◽

3D Culture ◽

Growth Patterns

Background. Human cancer is a three-dimensional (3D) structure consisting of neighboring cells, extracellular matrix, and blood vessels. It is therefore critical to mimic the cancer cells and their surrounding environment duringin vitrostudy. Our aim was to establish a 3D cancer model using a synthetic composite scaffold.Methods. High-density low-volume seeding was used to promote attachment of a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460) to scaffolds. Growth patterns in 3D culture were compared with those of monolayers. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to compare the expression of Ki67, CD44, and carbonic anhydrase IX.Results. NCI-H460 readily attached to the scaffold without surface pretreatment at a rate of 35% from a load of 1.5 × 106cells. Most cells grew vertically to form clumps along the surface of the scaffold, and cell morphology resembled tissue origin; 2D cultures exhibited characteristics of adherent epithelial cancer cell lines. Expression patterns of Ki67, CD44, and CA IX varied markedly between 3D and monolayer cultures.Conclusions. The behavior of cancer cells in our 3D model is similar to tumor growthin vivo. This model will provide the basis for future study using 3D cancer culture.

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