Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Pentanema divaricatum and Its Active Constituent

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Momen-Roknabadi ◽  
Ahamd R. Gohari ◽  
Hamid R. Monsef-Esfehani ◽  
Farideh Attar ◽  
Reza Hajiaghaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The antimicrobial activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Pentanema divaricatum Cass. was studied using the conventional disk diffusion method. The extracts’ highest antimicrobial activity was observed against Aspergillus niger. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) showed one antimicrobial fraction which was especially effective against Aspergillus niger. By conventional spectroscopy the active fraction was identified as 4α,5α-epoxy-10α,14H-1-epi-inuviscolide. This compound represented the most potent antimicrobial candidate, with MIC values of < 25 μg/disk against A. niger strains and 200 μg/disk against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
YACINE MOHAMADI ◽  
TAKIA LOGRADA ◽  
Messaoud Ramdani ◽  
GILLES FIGUEREDO ◽  
PIERRE CHALARD
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Abstract. Mohamadi Y, Lograda T, Ramdani M, Figueredo G, Chalard P. 2021. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 933-946.  The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and the antibacterial activities of Myrtus communis essential oils. The aerial parts of the myrtle were collected from nineteen localities of the Algerian coast, and subjected to hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against ten bacterial species. Essential oils of M. communis was pale yellow oils, very fragrant, with an average yield of 0.68 ± 0.6%. Forty-six compounds were identified, representing an average of 99.17 ± 0.6% of total oils. The α-pinene was the most abundant component in the essential oils of all populations studied, with a mean of 50.1 ± 10.3%, followed by 1,8-cineole (22.27 ± 4.32%), limonene (5.16 ± 2.67%), linalool (3.79 ± 2.97%), α-terpineol (2.75 ± 1.12%), geranyl acetate (1.95 ± 0.7%) and methyl eugenol (1.40 ± 0.98%). Myrtenyl acetate was only observed in four populations with significant levels (from 10.66 to 20.94%). Six chemotypes have been identified in these oils. The α-pinene – 1,8-cineole - limonene chemotype was found in the majority of populations. The chemotype of α-pinene - 1,8-cineole - α-terphenyl acetate characterizes the Oued El-Aneb population. The α-pinene - neryl formate - limonene chemotype is observed in the Honaïn population. The remaining populations are characterized by myrtenyl acetate. The essential oils of M. communis were effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella enterica ATCC35659, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; however, no significant effect was observed on Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 and Serratia liquefaciens.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seeds and Skin from Organic and Conventional Vineyards

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Radulescu ◽  
Lavinia Claudia Buruleanu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu ◽  
Radu Lucian Olteanu ◽  
Marius Bumbac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Red Grape

The therapeutic benefits of extracts obtained from different red grape fractions were thoroughly studied, however, data regarding the comparison of phytochemical extracts prepared from the same varieties coming from organic versus conventional management systems are rather lacking. The present study aimed at comparing some of the phytochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic (50% v/v) extracts obtained from four varieties of red grapes cultivated respectively in organic and conventional vineyards. Total flavonoid content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were determined by molecular absorption spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity of the studied extracts was evaluated against common bacterial strains isolated from different habitats according to specific lab procedures. The analyses were performed in solid broths by applying the disk diffusion method, which allowed for the simultaneous determination of the spectrum of the sensitivity of the tested bacteria as well as the values of the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). It was found that favorable antagonistic activities against the tested bacteria strains were exhibited by the hydroalcoholic extracts from the seeds of the organic varieties, respectively the skin of the conventional varieties.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Rutin by HPTLC and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Verbesina sphaerocephala

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Kathia Yanelly Rodríguez-Valdovinos ◽  
Rafael Salgado-Garciglia ◽  
Monserrat Vázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal ◽  
Ernesto Oregel-Zamudio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray, like other wild plants of the genus Verbesina, has been used in herbal medicine. There is information for other species of the genus related to their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and isolation of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. However, there are no reports for V. sphaerocephala, although it has an important presence in the state of Michoacán, México. In this study, the phenolic composition, quantification of rutin, and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts from V. sphaerocephala leaves and flowers were determined. The results showed that all the investigated extracts have high phenolic and flavonoid contents. The flavonoid rutin was identified in all the extracts from V. sphaerocephala by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The V. sphaerocephala extracts showed scavenging activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals (IC50 and 5.83 ± 0.50 and 0.93 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively) as well as relevant antioxidant capacity (51.05 ± 0.36 mg of ascorbic acid/g of dry tissue). The experimental results show that V. sphaerocephala extracts possessed a strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research indicates that V. sphaerocephala could be considered as a potential source of natural compounds from the point of ethnopharmacological usage.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Mononuclear and Bionuclear Nitrite Complexes of Platinum (II) and Platinum (IV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Olesya Salishcheva ◽  
Alyeksandr Prosyekov ◽  
V. Dolganuk
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Introduction. Pathogens keep evolving and develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs. As a result, science is constantly searching for new antimicrobial agents. Their complex forms based on organic and inorganic ligands exhibit a stronger synergistic antimicrobial effect, if compared to free ligands. The Scopus database contains 73 thousand scientific articles about antimicrobial activity descriptors published during the last five years. This selection includes ten thousand reviews and three thousand publications that feature the antimicrobial activity of platinum complexes. The research objective was to screen the antimicrobial properties of platinum nitrite complexes. The present paper highlights some of the current domestic and foreign trends in this field of research: the biochemical synthesis of peptides as metabolites of bacteria; the development of anti-biofilm agents that act on the protective systems of pathogens; the creation of antimicrobial nanosystems; the synthesis of antimicrobial surfactants; the synthesis and study of the antimicrobial activity of platinum complexes, etc. The authors also give a brief description of the mechanisms of antibacterial action. Study objects and methods. Five previously synthesized complexes of platinum (II) and platinum (IV), both mononuclear and bionuclear, were tested for antimicrobial activity. The platinum complexes contained terminal and bridged nitrite ligands. The test cultures included Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. The experiment involved the disk-diffusion method and the macro method of serial dilutions. Results and discussion. All the complexes inhibited the metabolic growth of microorganisms to various degrees. The results depended on the composition and structure of the complex, the number and charge of the coordination centers, the degree of platinum oxidation, and the thermodynamic stability and lability of ligand bonds with the complexing agent. The response to Aspergillus niger proved more pronounced. The Pt+2 nonelectrolyte complex containing both terminal and bridged nitrite ligands was less active than the Pt+2 cationic complex, which contained only bridged NO2– ligands. The highest antibacterial activity belonged to the bionuclear complex of PtIV-PtII [(NH3)2 (NO2)2PtIV(µ-NO2)2PtII(NH3)2](NO3)2 in relation to Bacillus subtilis B4647 and Aspergillus niger. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was > 125 μmol. Conclusion. The complexing resulted in a synergistic effect between the ligand and the complexing substance. The poly-core complexes contain two or more linked platinum centers that can covalently bind to DNA. They form a completely different type of DNA adducts compared to mononuclear complexes, as well as cross-links between DNA chains with fixation on different parts. The octahedral platinum complexes are kinetic and thermodynamically inert. Unlike similar squamous complexes, they proved to be able to act as prodrugs, recovering inside or outside the bacterial cell. The antimicrobial activity of the mixed-valence PtIV-PtII bionuclear complex [(NH3)2 (NO2)2PtIV(µ-NO2)2PtII(NH3)2](NO3)2 produced inhibitory effect comparable to the existing antimicrobial drugs. A further research will focus on composite mixtures of platinum complexes with other existing antimicrobial agents, as well as on other bacterial strains.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Genista ulicina and G. vepres

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takia Lograda ◽  
Adel Nadjib Chaker ◽  
Jean Claude Chalchat ◽  
Messaoud Ramdani ◽  
Hafsa Silini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The hydrodistilled oils from the aerial parts of Genista ulicina Spach. and G. vepres Pomel., which are endemic to Algeria, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the oil of G. ulicina, 41 compounds were identified representing 90.8% of the total oil, and in G. vepres, 61 compounds representing 84.5% of the total oil. The analyses showed that the major constituents of the oils were lauric acid (14.3% – 8.5%), myristic acid (11.5% – 5%), linoleic acid (3.1% –11.7%) and palmitic acid (18.6% – 26.4%). Using a diffusion method, the oils showed significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923).

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Kulshrestha ◽  
J Kranthi ◽  
P Krishna Rao ◽  
Feroz Jenner ◽  
V Abdul Jaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens. Materials and methods Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial efficacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength). Results The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to benefit dental health or antiplaque action. How to cite this article Jenner F, Jaleel VA, Kulshrestha R, Maheswar G, Rao PK, Kranthi J. Evaluating the Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpastes on Microorganisms Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):924-929.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silver Nano Particles from Adansonia digitata Leaf Extract and Its Antimicrobial Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
A. O. Akintola ◽  
A. M. Azeez ◽  
B. D. Kehinde ◽  
I. C. Oladipo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Silver nano particles (AgNPs) were green synthesized using Adansonia digitata leaf extract. The synthesized silver nano particles were characterized in terms of synthesis, size, shape, morphology and capping functionalities by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized silver nano particles was investigated by well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of the nano particle was studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeurigunosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumonae while the antifungal activity was studied against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillum notatum and Rhizopus stolomifer. The synthesized AgNPs was active against all the studied microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible bacterium (inhibition zones ranging from 12.00 to 28.00 mm, MIC: 30 µl, MBC: 50 µl) while Aspergillus niger was the most susceptible fungi (inhibition zones ranging from 10.00 to 18.00 mm, MIC: 90 µl, MFC: 120 µl. In conclusion the synthesized silver nanoparticles was found to have antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and fungi tested and hence has a great potential in biomedical application for the treatment of microbial infections.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF BIXIN PIGMENT FROM ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L.) SEEDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipin T. Kurniawati ◽  
H. Soetjipto ◽  
Leenawati Limantara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bixa Orellana ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Research on Bixa orellana L. have been done to isolate, identify and determine bixin percentage, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of bixin from B. orellana seed.  Isolation and identification of bixin was done by thin layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, chemical test of bixin and UV-Vis double beam spectroscopy. Percentage of bixin was calculated by JECFA method, the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1-1 diphynilpicrylhidrazil) method while antibacterial activity was analyzed by the use of agar diffusion method. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the crude extract contained 5 spot, where spot 5th was bixin. Bixa orellana has 75±3% of bixin. Antioxidant activity of bixin had IC50 548.5±20.0 ppm. Whereas the antibacterial activity of bixin against the Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus could be classified as weak inhibition category at 500-750 μg and medium inhibition category at 1500 μg.   Keywords: Bixa orellana L., bixin, antioxidant, antibacteria

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of the dichloromethane and methanolic leaf extracts of Solenostemon monostychus P. Beauv

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 008-013
Author(s):  
Ere Diepreye ◽  
Eboh Abraham Sisein ◽  
Ovuru German Salvation
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (Lamiaceae family) is an important herb that is widespread in West and Central Africa.The leaves are used in various decoctions traditionally to treat diseases most especially microbial infections associated with the foot. In this study, the phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) of the plant were determined. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the plant were also evaluated by standard methods. Results showed alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins phenolics in the methanolic extract of Solenostemon monostachyus. Cardiac glycosides and steroids absent in the methanolic extract were found present in the dichloromethane extract. The quantitative phytochemicals recorded were alkaloids (18.05 ± 0.87%), saponins (11.3 ± 0.56 %), tannins (3.3 ± 0.19 GAE). The antioxidant activity testing showed that the methanolic extract has higher DPPH scavenging ability over dichloromethane extract and standard ascorbic acid. In the antimicrobial activity testing, the cup-plate diffusion method was used and the result showed that the dichloromethane extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus species at concentrations 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml while methanolic extract inhibited the growth of bacillus species only at 100 mg/ml with 5 mm zone of inhibition. However, both methanol and dichloromethane extract showed no antimicrobial activity on the other test organisms such as Psudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of Solenostemon monostachyus are potential sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of two Mentha Species Essential Oil and its Dependence on Different Origin and Chemical Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Pl'uchtová ◽  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Qada Benameur ◽  
Vito Pellizzeri ◽  
Daniela Grul'ová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

Genus Mentha presents group of plants which are the most studied in family Lamiaceae. Aboveground parts are used for different purposes in pharmacy, food industry or confectionery. Most important is natural product extracted from leaves - essential oil (EO). The aim of presented experiment was to demonstrate different chemotype and compare antibacterial activity of two Mentha species EO. Plant samples were obtained from various environments – from Slovakia and from Italy. Dominant compounds were determined by GC/MS. The results showed high amount of menthol and menthone in tested Slovak peppermint EO. On the other hand, carvone and 1,8-cineole were determinate as dominant compounds in Italian spearmint EO. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was investigated by disc diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. EO was evaluated for their antibacterial activity against 7 microorganisms: Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. The determination results of antibacterial activity by agar disk diffusion method ranged from 7 to 14 mm of the growth inhibition zone. MIC of tested mint EO varied from 0.625 to 2.5 μg/mL. In addition, both EO showed relatively the same antibacterial activity against the selected Gram-negative bacteria. However, there is a variation in the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

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