scholarly journals Knowledge of Shaken Baby Syndrome among Hospital Nurses in Erbil City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Norhan Shaker ◽  
◽  
Madiha Muhammad ◽  
Gulala Aziz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Shaken Baby Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Study Participants

Background and objectives: Shaken baby syndrome and pediatric abuse head trauma are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity due to physical child abuse. Nurses have a main role in parents’ education regarding child abuse prevention. This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding shaken baby syndrome in Erbil City. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at postpartum units, the delivery room and the ward at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, and the inpatient and intensive care units at Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in 2017 in Erbil City. A purposive sample of 50 nurses was recruited to the study. The data collection was performed using a questionnaire for interviewing the study participants, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and in-ferential statistical analysis. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of the study participants were 19-25 years old and most did not have enough knowledge regarding the signs and symptoms of the shaken baby syndrome (irritability, lethargy, poor feeding breathing problems, uncon-trollable crying, vomiting, bluish skin, changes in sleeping pattern, convulsions or seizures and unresponsiveness). Nurses also had insufficient knowledge about the risk factors of this condition. Only a quarter of nurses knew that domestic violence is a risk factor and less than a quarter of them recognized depression and substance abuse of the caregiver as a risk factor. Regarding knowledge of the complications, the study found that a quarter of nurses knew that brain damage, cerebral palsy and blindness are complications of the shaken baby syndrome. Conclusions: Majority of nurses had poor knowledge about causes, signs, symptoms, risk factors and complications of the shaken baby syndrome.

The Iron Biology Status of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients May be a Risk Factor for Development of Infectious Peritonitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwh Aldriwesh ◽  
Noura Al-Dayan ◽  
Jonathan Barratt ◽  
Primrose Freestone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysate ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

Background Infectious peritonitis is a clinically important condition contributing to the significant mortality and morbidity rates observed in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although some of the socioeconomic risk factors for PD-associated peritonitis have been identified, it is still unclear why certain patients are more susceptible than others to infection. Methods We examined the molecular components of human peritoneal dialysate (HPD) in an attempt to identify factors that might increase patient susceptibility to infection. Characterization studies were performed on initial and follow-up dialysate samples collected from 9 renal failure patients on PD. Results Our in vitro data showed that peritonitis-causing bacteria grew differently in the patient dialysates. Proteomic analysis identified an association between transferrin presence and infection risk, as peritoneal transferrin was discovered to be iron-saturated, which was in marked contrast to transferrin in blood. Further, use of radioactive iron-labeled transferrin showed peritoneal transferrin could act as a direct iron source for the growth of peritonitis-causing bacteria. We also found catecholamine stress hormones noradrenaline and adrenaline were present in the dialysates and were apparently involved in enhancing the growth of the bacteria via transferrin iron provision. This suggests the iron biology status of the PD patient may be a risk factor for development of infectious peritonitis Conclusions Collectively, our study suggests transferrin and catecholamines within peritoneal dialysate may be indicators of the potential for bacterial growth in HPD and, as infection risk factors, represent possible future targets for therapeutic manipulation.

scholarly journals Risk factor Analysis and Angiographic Profiles in First 228 Cases Undergone Coronary Angiography in Cardiac Cath Lab of Dhaka Medical College Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
AEMM Islam ◽  
M Faruque ◽  
AW Chowdhury ◽  
HIR Khan ◽  
MS Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Single Vessel

Background: Coronary artery diseases are one of the major challenges faced by cardiologists. Control of certain risk factors for CAD is associated with decrease in mortality and morbidity from myocardial infarction and unstable angina. So, identification and taking appropriate measures for primary and secondary prevention of such risk factors is, therefore, of great importance. This retrospective study was carried at the newly set up cath lab in Dhaka Medical college. Materials and Methods: Total 228 consecutive case undergone diagnostic coronary angiogram from 10th January 2007 to31st January 2009 out of which 194(80%) were male and 34 (20%) were female. In both sexes most of the patients were between 41 to 60 years of age. Risk factors of the patients were evaluated. Results: In females commonest risk factor was Diabetes (58.8%) followed by dyslipidaemia (35.3%). In males commonest risk factor was hypertension (30.9%) followed by smoking (29.9%) and diabetes (28.3%). In males 44.3% patients presented with acute myocardial infarction followed by stable angina (43.3%); but in females stable angina was the commonest presentation (50.0%) followed by myocardial infarction (38.2%).CAG findings revealed that in males 33.5% had double vessel disease 26.8% followed by single vessel 26.8% and multivessel disease 25.3%. In females normal CAG was found in 35.5% followed by double vessel 23.5%, multivessel 20.6% and single vessel 20.6%. On the basis of CAG findings; in males 41.8% patients were recommended for CABG, followed by PTCA & stenting 26.3% and medical therapy 30.0%; where as in females 55.9% were recommended for medical therapy , followed by CABG 32.4% and PTCA & stenting11.8%. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of CAD was 4th and 5th decades in both sexes. Diabetes and dyslipidaemia were more common in females whereas hypertension and smoking were more common in males. Myocardial infarction and stable angina were most common presentation in both sexes though in males myocardial infarction was more common. In males the angiographic severity of CAD was more and they were more subjected for CABG in comparison to females. Key words: Risk factors; Coronary angiography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v3i2.9179 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 3(2): 122-125

Risk Factors for gyrA and parC Mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie C. Cluzet ◽  
Ebbing Lautenbach ◽  
Irving Nachamkin ◽  
Mark S. Cary ◽  
Neil O. Fishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVEThe major mechanism of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) is modification of target proteins in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, most commonly the gyrA and parC subunits. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors for PSA with and without gyrA or parC mutations.DESIGNCase-case-control studySETTINGTwo adult academic acute-care hospitalsPATIENTSCase 1 study participants had a PSA isolate on hospital day 3 or later with any gyrA or parC mutation; case 2 study participants had a PSA isolate on hospital day 3 or later without these mutations. Controls were a random sample of all inpatients with a stay of 3 days or more.METHODSEach case group was compared to the control group in separate multivariate models on the basis of demographics and inpatient antibiotic exposure, and risk factors were qualitatively compared.RESULTSOf 298 PSA isolates, 172 (57.7%) had at least 1 mutation. Exposure to vancomycin and other agents with extended Gram-positive activity was a risk factor for both cases (case 1 odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.13; OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03–1.26; case 2 OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03–1.14; OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01–1.25, respectively).CONCLUSIONSExposure to agents with extended Gram-positive activity is a risk factor for isolation of PSA overall but not for gyrA/parC mutations. FQ exposure is not associated with isolation of PSA with mutations.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–7

scholarly journals What Really Causes Necrotising Enterocolitis?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Peter Fox ◽  
Charles Godavitarne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Abdominal Emergency ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Single Well

Background. One of the most serious gastrointestinal disorders occurring in neonates is necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). It is recognised as the most common intra-abdominal emergency and is the leading cause of short bowel syndrome. With extremely high mortality and morbidity, this enigmatic disease remains a challenge for neonatologists around the world as its definite aetiology has yet to be determined. As current medical knowledge stands, there is no single well-defined cause of NEC. Instead, there are nearly 20 risk factors that are proposed to increase the likelihood of developing NEC. Aims and Objectives. The aim of this project was to conduct a comprehensive literature review around the 20 or so well-documented and less well-documented risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis. Materials and Methods. Searches of the Medline, Embase, and Science direct databases were conducted using the words “necrotising enterocolitis + the risk factor in question” for example, “necrotising enterocolitis + dehydration.” Search results were ordered by relevance with bias given to more recent publications. Conclusion. This literature review has demonstrated the complexity of necrotising enterocolitis and emphasised the likely multifactorial aetiology. Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which each risk factor is implicated in necrotising enterocolitis.

scholarly journals RISK FACTOR OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY BY USING LITERATURE REVIEW METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Winda Fatma Sari ◽  
Adityawarman Adityawarman ◽  
Budiono Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pregnancy History ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
History Of

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy outside the uterus, embryo could attached to thefallopian tube, ovary cervix or cervix. Around 85-90% incidence of ectopic pregnancy is found inmultigravid women. According to data from the Health Office, maternal mortality in 2017 tendsto increase in the last two years. Not only it is a major predictor of mortality and morbidity inpregnant women, but individuals with a history of ectopic pregnancy have a greater risk. Thepurpose of this research was to determine the risk factors that cause ectopic pregnancy by usingliterature studies review. Method:This study used a systematic review of articles that publishedbetween 2013-2020 in the Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. 10 articles that meet theinclusion and exclusion criteria, included as a sample for further review. The results regarding torisk factors that caused ectopic pregnancy in each article were systematically synthesized. Results:Risk factors found to be significantly associated with the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in thearticle were age (2), infertility (2), IUD (3), PID (3), Ectopic Pregnancy History (5), Progestine Pills (2), History of Abortion (1), Smoking (3). Conclusions: age, infertility, IUD, PID, history of ectopic pregnancy, progestine pill, History of abortion, and smoking were risk factors that hadsignificant relationship with the incidence of ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight as Risk Factor of Pneumonia Child in Primary Health Care of Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Vania Ayu Puspamaniar ◽  
Retno Asih Setyoningrum ◽  
Dwi Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Primary Health

Introduction: Pneumonia is an infectious disease attacking lower respiratory tract. It has one of the highest number of world’s mortality and morbidity in children. Many risk factors are suspected as the reasons why the disease still occur a lot. One of the major risk factors is birth weight which makes their immune system immature and easier to get various complications and infections. The aim of this study is to analyze birth weight as risk factor of pneumonia in children under 5 years old. Methods: This was an analytical study with case control design. This study was held in Primary Health Care of Tambakrejo, from August to December 2017. The sample size was 22 respondents for each case and control group. Technique of sampling was total sampling. Secondary data were collected by medical records at the health center and Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS). Data were entered into Microsoft Excel then statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 22. The data were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact Test.Results: During August to December 2017, there were 22 respondents which were diagnosed with pneumonia in Tambakrejo Primary Health Center. Two of them (4.55%) had low birth weight and the rests had normal birth weight (95.45%). The analyze result stated that there is no significant correlation between pneumonia incidence and birth weight. Conclusion: Birth weight is one of pneumonia risk factors without significant impact.

scholarly journals MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farrukh Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Abu Bakar Afzal ◽  
Ansar Latif ◽  
Zeeshan Hassan ◽  
Sharoon Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: The study was carried out to asserting the prevalence and comparative analysis of risk factor that are known to be associated with ST-segment elevation MI on the basis of genderin Emergency unit of cardiology department of Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. Study Design: Retrospective, observational study. Place and duration of Study: Department of Cardiology; Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot. From 1st March 2017 till 28 Feb 2018. Patients and Methods: All patients presented in cardic emergency during specified time period at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital with new onset of ST segment elevation MI, having established risk factors (DM, Smoking, Family History of IHD, Obesity, Dyslipidemia) having completed follow up of 2 months were included in study. Patients were assigned in two group according to their respective gender for finding out prevalence of risk factors among them. Group-I included males while Group-II included females.Patients who didn’t completed followup, not willing to participate in study, who leave against medical advice, had CCF, CRF, CLD, LBBB, Coagulation abnormalities, stroke, any condition mimicking ST segment elevation other than STEMI were excluded from study. The data collected for variables was analyzed using SPSS v 22. Results: Three hundred and fifty (350) patients presented in cardic emergency were subjected to the study. Out of 350, 20 patients didn’t complete the follow-up of 2 months. Ten patients didn’t give consent to be included in the study while 15 patients were excluded in accordance with the exclusion criteria and 5 patients were left against medical advice. Out of 300 patients studied 233 of patients (77.7%) were males and 67(22.3%) of patients were female, with male to female ratio of 3.5:1.0. Among age group variation patients in range of 41-50 years constitute 40.3% (121 patients) of cases. Smoking as a risk factor constitute 70.4%(164 pt.) and Diabetes mellitus 62.3% (43pt.) among males and females respectively. Anterior wall MI reports to be 62.20%(145 pt.) and 82.10%(55 pt.) among males and females followed by other types of STEMI. Conclusion: Smoking is identified as an independent risk factor that can lead to STEMI in young males while Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension identified as a risk factor for progression to STEMI in females. Among non-modifiable factors male sex, old adults and family history identified as factors that can lead to STEMI.

scholarly journals Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates:a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Manas Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Pydi Nagasree ◽  
Lanka Swetha ◽  
Arigela Vasundhara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is mostly limited to preterm babies due to immaturity of gut. NEC is one of important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the neonatal intensive care units all over the world.Aim of study is to find the antenatal and post-natal risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates admitted to NICU.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 45 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis fulfilling the predetermined inclusion criteria. A detailed antenatal history including all maternal risk factors, birth history including the need for resuscitation and type of resuscitation was recorded. The gestational assessment was done by the New Ballard Score.Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension accounts as a risk factor to most of the cases of NEC 18 (40%), followed by setting for sepsis 12 (26.6%), least being gestational diabetes mellitus 1 (2.2%).Conclusions: Prematurity is found to be the most common risk factor followed by patent ductus arteriosus and sepsis. Most common antenatal risk factor was PIH (Pregnancy induced hypertension).

scholarly journals Knowledge and Health Seeking Behaviour of Breast Cancer Patients in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Agbokey ◽  
Elorm Kudzawu ◽  
Mawuli Dzodzomenyo ◽  
Kenneth Ayuurebobi Ae-Ngibise ◽  
Seth Owusu-Agyei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking

Background. Breast cancer is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, despite the numerous measures employed to prevent and manage the disease. This study explored the knowledge and health seeking behaviour of breast cancer patients at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, from June 2014 to July 2014. Thirty-five participants were purposively selected. The responses to questions about their experiences with breast cancer were determined using indepth interviews. Transcripts were coded and analysed using NVIVO version 10.0. Results. Participants’ knowledge about signs and symptoms of breast cancer after their diagnosis was high but low for risk factors. Screening for breast cancer through self-breast examination was infrequently performed prior to their diagnosis. The patients’ first point of care was generally health facilities. Some patients reported late due to misinterpretation of signs and symptoms, cultural influences and fear of losing their breast to surgery, physician delay, health providers’ laxity, and disinterest in breast cancer. Men, for example, husbands, decide on where and when breast cancer patients go for treatment. Conclusion. There is poor knowledge of the risk factors for developing breast cancer. Patients resorted to the hospital as first options for cure but were generally delayed in doing so. There is the need to create awareness about breast cancer among the general population.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge on Risk Factors, Warning Signs, and Early Treatment Approaches of Stroke among Community Adults in North India: A Telephone Interview Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manik Chhabra ◽  
Sai Krishna Gudi ◽  
Muhammed Rashid ◽  
Puneet Sharma ◽  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
North India ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Window Period ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background As stroke is a catastrophic illness, knowing its risk factors, early signs and symptoms, and management strategies could potentially prevent morbidity and mortality among the people. Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the public cognizance of risk factors, signs and symptoms, and early treatment options available for stroke with particular emphases on thrombolysis, and its window period. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional telephonic interview-based survey was conducted in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh of North India from August 2017 to December 2017. Results Of 350 respondents those participated in the survey with a mean age ± standard deviation of 39.93 ± 13.41  years, hypertension was found to be the most common risk factor among the study participants (n = 205, 58.57%) and 28.85% of the study participants were not aware of the risk factors, whereas 46% of the participants were not aware of warning signs of stroke. The window period of thrombolysis was compared with gender, and it was found that the higher number of male participants (n = 49) adduced the right window of thrombolysis (0–4.5  hours) as compared with the female participants (n = 26). Conclusions Survey results suggested that there exists scant information about risk factors, alarming signs, and early treatment approaches among community adults toward stroke. In this regard, there is an immense need to conduct awareness camps related to stroke to educate the vulnerable public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document