scholarly journals Cockle Shell as Mixing Ingredient in Concrete: A Review

CONSTRUCTION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Nabilla Mohamad ◽  
Khairunisa Muthusamy ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Kader El Gelany Ismail

The demand for the population is boosting the production of edible and non-edible products that produce by-products that result in emissions being thrown as waste. The successful cockle trade also creates vestiges of cockle shell that are thrown away as waste. Despite the effects of climate change, industrial activity including calcareous and granite mining to satisfy the need for cement and concrete production, respectively, cannot be prevented as more structures are developed worldwide. The mechanical properties of concrete containing crushed cockle shell as partial fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement replacement were examined and reported in this paper. Cockle shell powder was used as cement replacement up to 75%. To sum up, the use of cockle shell is an appealing option for the construction industry and sustainable green climate.

2021 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Khairunisa Muthusamy ◽  
Rahimah Embong ◽  
Nabilla Mohamad ◽  
Nur Syahira Hanim Kamarul Bahrin ◽  
Fadzil Mat Yahaya

Environmental degradation caused by deforestation activities for harvesting of limestone from the hills and its calcination process at cement factory along with disposal of cockle shell waste from fisheries industries is in need of resolution. In view of sustainable green environment, approach of utilizing cockle shell waste as partial cement replacement in cement production would reduce pollution caused by both industries. Thus, this research investigates the effect of cockle shell powder as partial cement replacement on setting time and compressive strength of mortar. A total of five types of mortar mixes consisting different percentage of cockle shell powder as partial cement replacement from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement were prepared. Setting time test were conducted on fresh paste. All specimens were subjected to water curing until the testing age. Compressive strength test were conducted on hardened mortar cubes at 3, 7 and 28 days. Finding shows that integration of cockle shell powder as partial cement replacement influences the setting time and compressive strength of mortar. Suitable combination of 10% cockle shell powder successfully enhances the compressive strength of mortar. Conclusively, success in transforming the cockle shell waste to be used as partial cement replacement in mortar production able to reduce cement consumption, save landfill usage for trash dumping and promote cleaner environment for healthier lifestyle of community nearby.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agung Prayogi

Abstract Concrete is the most widely used material throughout the world and innovations continue to be carried out to produce efficient development. Shell charcoal ash and rice husk ash are industrial by-products which have the potential to replace sand for concrete mix, especially in Indragiri Hilir. The research with the title "Effect of Mixture of Rice Husk Ash and Shell Ash Ashes as Substitute for Some Fine Aggregates Against Concrete Compressive Strength" aims to prove the effect of a mixture of shell charcoal ash and husk ash to replace some of the sand to produce maximum compressive strength. Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. This research uses 5 variations of the mixture to the weight of sand, BSA 0 without a substitute mixture, BSA 1 with a mixture of 5% husk ash and 10% shell charcoal, BSA 2 with a mixture of 5% husk ash and 15% charcoal ash, BSA 3 with a mixture of 5% husk ash and 18% charcoal, BSA 4 with a mixture of 10% husk and 10% charcoal, and BSA 5 with a mixture of 13% husk ash and 10% charcoal ash. SNI method is used for the Job Mix Formula (JMF) mixture in this research. The results of the average compressive strength of concrete at 28 days for JMF of 21.05 MPa, BSA 1 of 23.68 MPa, BSA 2 of 22.23 MPa, BSA 3 of 14.39 MPa, BSA 4 of 13.34 MPa , and BSA 5 of 20.14 MPa. The conclusion drawn from the results of the BSA 1 research with a mixture of 5% husk ash and 15% charcoal ash produced the highest average compressive strength of 23.68 MPa. Abstrak Beton merupakan material paling banyak digunakan diseluruh dunia dan terus dilakukan inovasi untuk menghasilkan pembangunan yang efisien. Abu arang tempurung dan abu sekam padi merupakan hasil sampingan industri yang berpotensi sebagai pengganti pasir untuk campuran beton, khususnya di Indragiri Hilir. Penelitian dengan judul “Pengaruh Campuran Abu Sekam Padi dan Abu Arang Tempurung Sebagai Pengganti Sebagian Agregat Halus Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton” ini bertujuan membuktikan adanya pengaruh campuran abu arang tempurung dan abu sekam untuk mengganti sebagian pasir hingga menghasilkan kuat tekan maksimum. Beton adalah campuran antara semen portland, agregat halus, agregat kasar, dan air. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 variasi campuran terhadap berat pasir, BSA 0 tanpa campuran pengganti, BSA 1 dengan campuran 5 % abu sekam dan 10% arang tempurung, BSA 2 dengan campuran 5% abu sekam dan 15% abu arang, BSA 3 dengan campuran 5% abu sekam dan 18% arang, BSA 4 dengan campuran 10% sekam dan 10% arang, dan BSA 5 dengan campuran 13% abu sekam dan 10% abu arang. Metode SNI digunakan untuk campuran Job Mix Formula (JMF)  pada penelitian ini. Hasil rata-rata kuat tekan beton pada umur 28 hari untuk JMF sebesar 21,05 MPa, BSA 1 sebesar 23,68 MPa, BSA 2 sebesar 22,23 MPa, BSA 3 sebesar 14,39 MPa, BSA 4 sebesar 13,34 MPa, dan BSA 5 Sebesar 20,14 MPa. Ditarik kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian BSA 1 dengan campuran 5% abu sekam dan 15% abu arang menghasilkan rata-rata kuat tekan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 23,68 MPa.  


Disposal problem of waste materials and excessive demand on naturally available resources due to rapid urban development has opened possibilities for use of waste materials in construction industry. Many waste materials are used in concrete as replacement to cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and reinforcement. Here review of some waste materials, whose ash is used as partial replacement to cement in concrete, is presented. Different properties of fresh and hardened concrete, when admixed with ash of waste materials are reviewed. Concrete containing sugar cane bagasse ash, ground nut shell ash, rice husk ash, saw dust ash, and tobacco waste ash are reviewed. After review, it is observed that further studies are required on all waste ashes replacing cement, which will reveal more potential on their usage in concrete. Concrete containing ash of waste materials attained demanded strength within 5% to 20% replacement.


Author(s):  
Barkha Verma

Abstract: Aggregates provide volume at low cost, comprising 66% to 78% of the concrete. With increasing concern over the excessive exploitation of natural and quality aggregates, the aggregate produced from industrial wastes and agricultural wastes is the viable new source for building material. This study was carried out to determine the possibilities of using coconut shells as aggregate in concrete. Utilizing coconut shells as aggregate in concrete production not only solves the problem of disposing of this solid waste but also helps conserve natural resources. In this paper, the physical properties of crushed coconut shell aggregate were presented. The fresh concrete properties such as the density and slump and 28 days compressive strength of lightweight concrete made with coconut shell as coarse aggregate were also presented. The findings indicate that water absorption of the coconut shell aggregate was high about 24% but crushing value and impact value were comparable to that of other lightweight aggregates. The average fresh concrete density and 28days cube compressive strength of the concrete using coconut shell aggregate 1975kg/m3 and 19.1 N/mm2 respectively. It is concluded that crushed coconut shell is suitable when it is used as a substitute for conventional aggregates in lightweight concrete production. Keywords: Coarse Aggregate, Cement, Concrete, Fly Ash, Coconut shell Aggregate, Water, Compressive Strength, Workability, Fine Aggregate.


Author(s):  
Nuttawut Intaboot ◽  
Kriangkrai Chartboot

This paper aimed to assess the potential of using limestone dust to replace sand at levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% by weight. Concrete mix design for cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate was 1: 2 : 4 and 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 water-to-cement ratios were used. The study started by testing the basic properties of the material. The compressive strength test was done with curing for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, after which the microstructural properties of concrete modified with limestone dust were investigated. The study found that the concrete had better workability when increasing the limestone dust content. The incorporation of 40% limestone dust at 0.50 water-to-cement ratios was found to improve the compressive strength of the concrete and resulted in the maximum compressive strength. However, high levels of replacement lead to porous microstructures. Moreover, the use of limestone dust in concrete production tends to be more cost-effective. Therefore, the results of this research seemingly provide confirmation and support for the utilization of these waste materials by reducing the use of natural resources. Further, it is a goal of local governments to help promote the value of limestone dust for future use.


2016 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwarotimi M. Olofinnade ◽  
Julius M. Ndambuki ◽  
Anthony N. Ede ◽  
David O. Olukanni

Reusing of waste glass in concrete production is among the attractive option of achieving waste reduction and preserving the natural resources from further depletion thereby protecting the environment and achieving sustainability. This present study examines the possible reuse of waste glass crushed into fine and coarse aggregate sizes as partial substitute for natural fine and coarse aggregate in concrete. The variables in this study is both the fine and coarse aggregate while the cement and water-cement ratio were held constant. The crushed glass was varied from 0 – 100% in steps of 25% by weight to replace the both the natural fine and coarse aggregate in the same concrete mix. Concrete mixes were prepared using a mix proportion of 1:2:4 (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) at water-cement ratio of 0.5 targeting a design strength of 20 MPa. Tests were carried out on total number of 90 concrete cube specimens of size 150 x 150 x150 mm and 90concrete cylinder specimens of dimension 100 mm diameter by 200 mm height after 3, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 90 days of curing. Test results indicated that the compressive and split tensile strength of the hardened concrete decreases with increasing waste glass content compared with the control. However, concrete mix made with 25% waste glass content compared significantly well with the control and can be suitably adopted for production of light weight concrete.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danguole Bisikirske ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga ◽  
Saulius Vasarevicius ◽  
Gintautas Skripkiunas

Abstract Increasing amounts of glass waste present serious challenges in waste management to avoid environmental problems that might be created if it was to be deposited in landfills. Theoretically, glass waste is fully recyclable, but, if contaminated, containing impurities, broken or mixed colour, it makes the re-melting process impractical. A great practice of using secondary recycling material was reached by the construction industry involving glass waste in concrete mixtures as fine aggregates – reuse of waste glass in concrete production not only preserves natural resources, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, saves energy, furthermore, it may improve concrete sustainability and enhance the properties of concrete when used at the optimum quantity. In this study the container glass waste evaluation was performed, as well as experimental research of mechanical properties of four types of concrete mixtures containing glass waste as fine aggregate. The best alternative of replacement of sand by glass waste scenario in concrete production was determined, employing the multicriteria decision-making method TOPSIS.


Concrete is an important construction material widely used in the construction industry nowadays. It is blended material consisting of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Generally the use of river sand as fine aggregate in our country is very widespread in industry. This paper mainly focuses on the study of strength properties of concrete in which river sand is replaced with sea sand as fine aggregate. In addition to it, Quarry Dust when added gains strength. Different mix proportions was replaced partially in 5%, 10%, 15% by Sea sand and Quarry dust. The strength of concrete for various mix proportions are carried out and tested for 14, 28, 56 days of curing. From the results obtained, with the replacement of river sand by sea sand along with well graded quarry dust upto to 15% increases the strength of concrete.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Arivalagan. S ◽  
Dinesh Kumar K S A ◽  
Sudhakar R

Concrete is the most widely used construction material today. The constituents of concrete are coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry and a large quantum of concrete is being utilized. River sand, which isone of the constituent used in the production of conventional concrete, has become expensive and also a scarce material. In view of this,the utilization of demolished aggregate which isa waste material has been accepted as building material in many countries for the past three decades. The demand of natural sand in the construction industry has increased a lot resulting in the reduction of sources and an increase in price. Thus an increased need to identify a suitable alternative material from industrial waste in place of river sand, that is eco-friendly and inexpensive construction debris i.e fresh concrete being extensively used as an alternative to the sand in the production of concrete. There is an increase in need to find new alternative materials to replace river sand so that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength concrete is obtained at lower cost. One such material is building construction debris: a by-product obtained during construction and demolition waste. An experimental investigation is carried out on M 25 concrete containing debris during construction in the different range of 20%, 30% & 40% by weight of sand. Material was produced, tested and compared with conventional concrete in terms of workability and strength. These tests were carried out on standard cube of 150×150×150 mm and beam of 700×150×150 mm for 28 days to determine the mechanical properties of concrete.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4773-4780

Nowadays Environmental pollution is the major problem faced by the world. The emission of pollutants by construction industry during production of Portland cement are the main causes for environmental pollution. With the increase in use of industrial by products in our construction industry the pollution effect on environment can be reduced. Geopolymer is the one which uses by products and are environmentally friendly. In the present study to produced geopolymer the Portland cement is replaced with fly ash and fine aggregate is replaced with quarry dust and for binding materials alkaline are used. In this study for polymerization the alkaline solutions used are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Sodium silicate (Na2Sio3) solution. To prepare different mixes different molarities of sodium hydroxide solution i.e. 6M and 8M and comprehensive strength is calculated for each mix. The size of cube specimen considered are 150 mm x 150mm x 150mm.The comprehensive strength of geopolymer concrete specimen are tested at the age of 7,28 and 56 days. Mixes of different molarities 6M and 8M are prepared by varying the sodium hydroxide flakes amount in grams which are then cured in lab atmosphere and their strengths are calculated for 7,28 and 56 days. The results show that with the increase of the molarity of sodium hydroxide solution the comprehensive strength increases


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