scholarly journals Purification of Used Cooking Oil by Alkali Neutralization and Bleaching of Bayah Natural Zeolite

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Endang Su Hendi ◽  
Rusdi Rusdi ◽  
Bagja Nur Alam ◽  
Siti Nurbaeti
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Alkali Neutralization

Cooking oil that is used repeatedly at high temperatures will reduce the quality of cooking oil. This will trigger the hydrolysis and oxidation processes that will change the characteristics of the oil, such as an increase in free fatty acid levels and peroxide numbers. Purification of used cooking oil can be carried out physically and chemically. The physical purification of oil is carried out by using adsorbents, while chemically purification process is carried out with an alkaline solution. Physically, natural materials such as zeolite can be used, where zeolite is a natural rock or mineral which chemically has a large surface area to be used in the adsorption process. Chemically with alkaline solution you can use sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In this study, used cooking oil is purified by three stages of the process, namely despicing, neutralization and bleaching to comply with the SNI quality standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum operating conditions for the purification of used cooking oil in accordance with the quality standards for cooking oil. based on the results obtained by adding a NaOH concentration of 19% in the neutralization process and a zeolite concentration of 90% can reduce the acid number value of 2.4 mg NaOH/gr, the peroxide number is 7 mekO2/kg, the color degradation of used cooking oil is 51.83%.

scholarly journals Potensi Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Biodiesel dan Pengaruh Katalis Serta Waktu Reaksi Terhadap Kualitas Biodiesel Melalui Proses Transesterifikasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Busyairi ◽  
Aufar Za’im Muttaqin ◽  
Ika Meicahyanti ◽  
Saryadi Saryadi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Yield Parameters

This study aimed to determine the effect of reaction time and catalyst variations on the quality of biodiesel according to SNI 7182: 2015 determine the best reaction time and catalyst variations on the yield parameters, water content, viscosity, density, flash point, and methyl ester levels of biodiesel produced. Based on the research, the results show that the quality of biodiesel obtained for each parameter meets the SNI 7182: 2015 quality standards except for water content parameters that still exceed the quality standard limits. The best quality of biodiesel is shown in the variation of the reaction time of 120 minutes with KOH catalyst with a yield of 77.95%, moisture content of 0.2673%, density of 0.8669 gr/ml, the viscosity of 5.15 CST, flash point 174°C and levels of methyl esters 98.42%. Biodiesel from used cooking oil can be applied as renewable energy that is more environmentally efficient.<h1 style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-indent: 0cm; mso-list: none; tab-stops: 36.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; text-transform: none; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;" lang="EN-US">This study aimed to determine the effect of reaction time and catalyst variations on the quality of biodiesel according to SNI 7182: 2015 determine the best reaction time and catalyst variations on the yield parameters, water content, viscosity, density, flash point, and methyl ester levels of biodiesel produced. Based on the research, the results show that the quality of biodiesel obtained for each parameter meets the SNI 7182: 2015 quality standards except for water content parameters that still exceed the quality standard limits. The best quality of biodiesel is shown in the variation of the reaction time of 120 minutes with KOH catalyst with a yield of 77.95%, moisture content of 0.2673%, density of 0.8669 gr/ml, the viscosity of 5.15 CST, flash point 174°C and levels of methyl esters 98.42%. Biodiesel from used cooking oil can be applied as renewable energy that is more environmentally efficient.</span></h1>

scholarly journals Uji Antioksidan Belimbing Wuluh dan Ampas Nanas Terhadap Kualitas Minyak Goreng Habis Pakai

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Siti Mardiyah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Pineapple Pulp ◽  
Oil Color

Anti-Oxidant Tests of starfruit and pineapple pulp on the quality of Used Cooking Oils   ABSTRACTUsed Cooking Oil is oil produced from frying residue and is carcinogenic because it causes oxidation, hydrolysis, and polymerization to produce toxic peroxides and free fatty acids that are difficult for the body to digest. Measurement of oil quality can be measured through 3 parameters, namely, the peroxide number, the acid number and the oil color. Efforts to control the quality of cooking oil are the addition of natural antioxidants, starch wuluh and pineapple pulp. Starfruit contains flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and pectins as well as Vitamins C and A which can absorb free radicals in oil. Meanwhile, pineapple pulp contains high levels of vitamin C, flavonoids and polyphenols which can eat free radicals. This Research aims to determine the differences in the antioxidant power of starfruit and pineapple pulp to maintain the quality of used cooking oil. This research is experimental, which will study the antioxidant power of starfruit and pineapple pulp at the acid number, peroxidant and color intensity of used cooking oil. 3 grams of dry starfruit and 0.4 grams of dried pineapple pulp are added to each pad 100 mL of used cooking oil. The application of starfruit and pineapple pulp in used cooking oil had a significant effect on the 3 oil quality parameters, namely the acid number, the peroxide number and the oil color intensity, with a significance value of P <0.05. This is because the antioxidant content and composition of the two ingredients are different. Wuluh starfruit in the addition of 3 grams provides a fairly large antioxidant effect, while pineapple pulp at a concentration of 0.4 grams has shown anti-oxidant power so a higher concentration is needed to produce optimal antioxidant power. Keywords: Antioxidants, Starfruit, Pineapple Dregs

scholarly journals Biodiesel Synthesis from the Used Cooking Oil Using CaO Catalyst Derived from Waste Animal Bones

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
◽  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Anwar Ma’ruf ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

The synthesis of biodiesel from the used cooking oil with CaO catalyst from waste animal bones has been investigated. The content of free fatty acids (FFA) in the used cooking oil was reduced by adsorption using activated charcoal from a salak peel. Biodiesel synthesis was carried out via transesterification using CaO catalyst. The CaO catalyst was obtained from waste animal bones calcined in the Ney Vulcan furnace. The effect of calcination temperature was studied in the range of 873‒1273 K. The effect of catalyst loading was investigated by varying within the range of 1‒9 wt %. The methanol to oil molar ratio was investigated in the range from 6:1 to 18:1. The effect of the transesterification reaction time was studied with a time variation of 1‒5 h. The optimum operating conditions were determined. Under these conditions, the yield of biodiesel produced was 97.56 % with an ester content of 96.06 %. It was shown that the physicochemical properties of biodiesel produced meet the standards.

Thermal Effect of the Spray Drying Process on the Quality of Tongkat Ali Extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 612-616
Author(s):  
Harun Noor Hafiza ◽  
Abdul Aziz Azila ◽  
Wan Zamri Wan Mastura ◽  
Yaakob Harisun ◽  
Aziz Ramlan
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Process Yield ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Process Use

The effect of heat on the quality of spray dried Tongkat Ali extract was investigated at three different air inlet temperatures (100°C, 180°C and 2200C). Response surface methodology employing the Box-Behnken Design was employed to hunt for the optimum operating conditions at these temperatures. Good retentions of eurycomanone, total polysaccharides and glycosaponins were exhibited during the spray drying process. However, protein was found to be susceptible to thermal degradation during the spray drying process. Use of high air inlet temperatures (i.e. 1800C and 2200C) in spray drying led to greater process yield, lower moisture contents, produced non-sticky particles, and resulted in good powder size distribution of Tongkat Ali extract compared to spray drying at 1000C.

New Lubricant from Used Cooking Oil: Cyclic Ketal of Ethyl 9,10-Dihydroxyoctadecanoate

2017 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan ◽  
Muslih Anwar ◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Total Base

A new ketal cyclic from ethyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate with acetone had been synthesized by reflux and sonochemical method. The synthesis was performed via several steps of reaction, i.e.: transesterification, hydrolysis, oxidation with 1% KMnO4 in basic condition, esterification, and ketalization. The structures of the products were confirmed by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Direct transesterification of used cooking oil produced a mixture of ethyl ester in 82.94% yield meanwhile hydrolysis of this mixture gave free fatty acids mixture in 88.46% yield. Hydroxylation reaction of free fatty acids mixture yielded a white powder of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid in 46.52% yield. Esterification of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and ethanol catalyzed by sulfuric acid with reflux condition for 4 hours and sonochemical method, respectively yielded 90% and 93.8% of ethyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate. In the other side, the utilization of KSF montmorillonite as catalyst conducted with reflux gave 52% in yield of ester. Furthermore, the use of acetone in 45 minutes sonochemical method with montmorillonite KSF catalyst gave cyclic ketal (ethyl 8-(2,2-dimethyl-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)octanoate) as a yellow viscous liquid in 53.30% yield. From physicochemical properties –density, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, total acid number, total base number and iodine value- gave the conclusion that this novel compound is potential biolubricant candidates to be developed.

scholarly journals Determination of Effectiveness Absorption of The Rice Husk And Hazelnut Shell to Purification Used Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Loth Botahala ◽  
Yanti Malailak ◽  
Herlin Silvia Maure ◽  
Hagar Karlani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Hazelnut Shell ◽  
Hazelnut Shells ◽  
Better Than

The effectiveness of the absorption of activated rice husk and hazelnut shells on the purification of used cooking oil has been carried out. The aim is to determine the absorption capacity of the active charcoal of rice husk and hazelnut shells to purify used cooking oil. After being physically activated, activated charcoal from rice husk and pecan shells is applied to the purification of used cooking oil. The results show that the quality of hazelnut shell charcoal is better than rice husk after it is applied to purifying used cooking oil.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Biodiesel dengan Cara Adsorpsi dan Transesterifikasi Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Lisa Adhani ◽  
Isalmi Aziz ◽  
Siti Nurbayti ◽  
Christie Adi Octavia
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Oil Adsorption

Used cooking oil can be used as raw material for biodiesel, but the levels of free fatty acids (Free Fatty Acid, FFA) is quite high. It is necessary for pretreatment in the form of the adsorption process to reduce levels of FFA. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions of adsorption process and determine the quality of biodiesel produced from adsorption processes and transesterification. Natural zeolites are used as adsorbents activated beforehand using ammonium chloride, calcined and heated to obtain H-zeolite. Furthermore, the adsorption process optimization includes the time, the adsorbent concentration, temperature and particle size. The oil that is already in the adsorption catalyst is reacted with methanol and KOH to obtain biodiesel. The optimum adsorption conditions obtained at the time of 90 minutes, the concentration of H-zeolite 12%, temperature 90 ° C, and a particle size of 0.2 mm that can lower FFA levels from 3.2% to 1.1%. Biodiesel produced meets the quality requirements of SNI 04-7182-2006 with a water content of 0.02%, a density of 857.60 kg / m3, the acid value of 0.29 mg-KOH / g, iodine number 15.71, saponification 168 , 02 and cetane index of 75.62. Compounds contained in biodiesel are methyl 9-octadecanoic (49.45%), methyl heksadekanoat (20.79%), and methyl 9,12oktaekanoat 9.12 (18.87%). Keywords: Biodiesel, used cooking oil, adsorption, transesterification, H-zeolitDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3107

scholarly journals Penggunaan H-Zeolit dan Tawas dalam Pemurnian Crude Glycerol dengan Proses Adsorpsi dan Koagulasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Isalmi Aziz ◽  
Nur Hijjah Bayani Fadhilah ◽  
Hendrawati Hendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Coagulation Process

Production of biodiesel from used cooking oil byproducts such as crude glycerol with low purity. The crude glycerol containing compounds impurities such as free fatty acids, alcohol, soap, catalyst and water. Compound adsorption of impurities can be done with the H-zeolite as adsorbent, but the resulting quality is still not good. To improve its quality, this research was added alum (coagulation) process so that the adsorption of colloidal-sized compound impurities which can be separated from the glycerol. The purpose of this research is determine optimal condition of adsorption and coagulation impurity compounds of crude glycerol by using H-zeolite and  alum and  also determine quality of glycerol  was obtained. First, crude glycerol acidified by phosphoric acid 85% (pure analysis) until desired pH ±2.5. It was obtained purity of glycerol 72.797%. The next process is adsorption with activated H-zeolite and it obtained purity of glycerol 77.079%. The last process in this research is adsorption and coagulation by using H-zeolite and alum. The highest purity glycerol 93.803% was obtained from condition of adsorption and coagulation for 75 minutes; alum’s concentration 80 ppm; and temperature 60 ºC. The glycerol discharged from adsorption and coagulation process by using H-zeolite and alum is qualify Indonesia National Standard number 06-1564-1995 with 3.512% water content; 2.438% ash content; 0.247% MONG content; has no sugar; 1.259 g/mL density of glycerol; 0.2356% potassium content and 0.0410% aluminium content; and brighter color.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.5143

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Bentonit sebagai Penyerap Air pada Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Andesta Yulanda ◽  
Lisna Wahyuni ◽  
Rahmi Safitri ◽  
Abu Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Dani Supardan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Varying Mass ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRAK. Transesterifikasi merupakan salah satu proses dalam pembuatan biodiesel. Metode transesterifikasi secara konvesional tanpa penambahan adsorben memiliki kekurangan pada rendemen dan mutu biodiesel sehingga dikembangkan metode transesterifikasi menggunakan adsorben secara simultan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pemanfaatan bentonit sebagai penyerap air untuk meningkatkan rendemen biodiesel pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah. Pertama dilakukan pengecilan ukuran bentonit menjadi 100 hingga 120 mesh dan dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi bentonit menggunakan asam sulfat 98% pada suhu 80oC. Hasil analisis Scanning Electron Microscope menunjukkan bentonit aktivasi memiliki permukaan yang lebih halus dan bersih dibandingkan dengan bentonit tanpa aktivasi. Selanjutnya, bentonit digunakan pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah dengan variasi massa adsorben (1, 2, 3 dan 4 %-berat minyak) dan kadar air minyak jelantah (2, 3, 5 dan 6 %-berat minyak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bentonit teraktivasi menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bentonit tanpa aktivasi dan proses tanpa menggunakan bentonit. Hasil penelitian terbaik diperoleh pada massa adsorben 3% dan kadar air 2% yaitu rendemen biodiesel sebesar 81%, massa jenis 865 kg/m3, viskositas 2,90 mm2/s, angka asam 0,1675 mg KOH/gram dan kadar air 0,70%.ABSTRACT.Transesterification is one of process in production of biodiesel. Conventional transterification method without adding adsorbent has deficiency in the yield and quality of biodiesel, therefore transesterification using adsorbent simultaneously is developed. The purpose of this research is to utilize bentonit as the adsorbent of water to increase yield of biodiesel in the waste cooking oil transesterication process. The first step to do in this research was bentonite crushing to the size of 100 to 120 mesh and then bentonite activation using sulfuric acid 98% at 80 oC. The result of SEM analysis showed that activated bentonite surface was smoother  and more clean than bentonite without activation. Bentonite is used to transesterification process by varying mass of adsorben (1, 2, 3 and 4 %-wt. of waste cooking oil) and water content (2, 3, 5 and 6 %-wt. of waste cooking oil). The result of this research showed that activated bentonite has better yield than without adsorbent and activation. The best result from this research is at adsorbent mass 3% and water content 2% with biodiesel yield 81%. The biodiesel produced have density of 865 kg/m3, viscosity of 2.90 mm2/s, acid number of 0.1675 mg KOH/gram and water content of 0.7%.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) Untuk Memurnikan Minyak Jelantah

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Silmi Hi Abubakar ◽  
Siti Nuryanti ◽  
Suherman Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After

Study on the purification and quality test of used cooking oil with turmeric has been done. This study aims to determine the quality of cooking oil after purified turmeric. The quality parameters of oil studied were the moisture content, free fatty acids (FFA), and peroxide. The methods used for determination of these parameters were gravimetry for moisture content, acid-base titration for free fatty acids, and iodometric for peroxide. The test results for water from 0.6% to 0.4% free fatty acid from 1.2% to 0.2%, and peroxide levels before and after purification were successively from and 6 meq/g to 4 meq/g, respectively. Only free fatty acids of all three parameters met the requirement of SNI.

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