MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Main air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveExposure to high levels of air pollutants may be linked to diabetes-associated mortality, but the associations remain unclear. To assess the associations between main air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies investigating the associations between increments in gaseous (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide, ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide) and particulate matter (PM; diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10)) air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality. Using a random-effects model, relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated per interquartile range (IQR) increment or per 10 μg/m3increment in pollutant concentrations.ResultsOut of 925 identified articles, 36 were reviewed in depth and 12 studies from 13 articles satisfying the inclusion criteria (five time-series, five case-crossovers and two cohorts) were finally included. Increased risk of diabetes-associated mortality was associated with higher levels of PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.123, 95% CI 1.036–1.217,P=0.005,I2=96.1%), PM10 (per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.008, 95% CI 1.004–1.013,P<0.001,I2=0%), NO2(per 10 μg/m3: RR=1.024, 95% CI 1.007–1.041,P=0.006,I2=49.7%) and O3(per IQR increment: RR=1.065, 95% CI 1.017–1.115,P=0.007,I2=0.0%). No obvious risk of publication bias was observed.ConclusionsExposure to high levels of air pollutants is significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes-associated mortality.

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The frequency of uveitis in patients with adult versus childhood spondyloarthritis

RMD Open ◽

10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. e001196

Author(s):

Matthew Turk ◽

Jacqueline Hayworth ◽

Tatiana Nevskaya ◽

Janet Pope

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Random Effects ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ocular Involvement ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Random Effects Models

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis investigated the frequency of ocular involvement in childhood and adult spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted. Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched upto October 2018 identifying publications related to SpA, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with ocular conditions (OC) (uveitis, iritis, retinitis, chorioretinitis and other ocular involvement). The rates of OC were extracted and random effects models estimated their frequency. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2. Inclusion criteria were studies in SpA of either children or adults who included a frequency of OC.Results3164 studies were identified, and 41 analysed which included frequencies of uveitis/iritis. Other OC were too infrequent to analyse. A pooled random effects model showed that the prevalence of uveitis was 24% in adult AS (23 studies, 11 943 patients), 10% in adult psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (9 studies, 1817) and 17% in undifferentiated adult SpA (9 studies, 6568 patients). In juveniles with AS, the prevalence of uveitis was 27% (8 studies, 927 patients), in juvenile PsA it was 16% (5 studies, N=498) and in juvenile undifferentiated SpA, uveitis occurred in 7% (2 studies, 1531 patients). In all evaluated SpA subgroups, there were no statistical differences in the frequency of uveitis between juveniles and adults.ConclusionsUveitis in adult versus child-onset SpA is similar in AS but more common in adult-onset undifferentiated SpA, and less frequent in adult-onset PsA compared to child-onset PsA, but the differences were not significant.

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Air pollution increases the risk of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2021-0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Huangtai Miao ◽

Xiaoying Li ◽

Xiao Wang ◽

Shaoping Nie

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Air pollution can lead to many cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, but the impact of air pollution on pulmonary embolism is still uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between air pollution and pulmonary embolism. Content We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochran Library for citations on air pollutants (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and particulate matter) and pulmonary embolism. A total of nine citations met the inclusion criteria. There is no evidence of bias. CO, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 had no significant effect on the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. NO2 and O3 can increase the risk of pulmonary embolism to a small extent. Summary This meta-analysis suggests that some air pollutants are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism. Outlook Reducing air pollution and improving air quality can effectively reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism.

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Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 868

Author(s):

Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽

Xueyin Fei ◽

Raúl Domínguez ◽

Helios Pareja-Galeano

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Research Protocols ◽

The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

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Glycemic Index of Gluten-Free Bread and Their Main Ingredients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 506

Author(s):

Bernardo Romão ◽

Ana Luísa Falcomer ◽

Gabriela Palos ◽

Sandra Cavalcante ◽

Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Resistant Starch ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Glycemic Profile

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the glycemic index (GI) of gluten-free bread (GFB) and its main ingredients. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, using seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, gray literature research with Google Scholar, and patents with Google Patent tool), from inception to November 2020. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria evaluating 132 GFB samples. Five articles tested GI in vivo, eleven in vitro; and two studies tested both methods. The analysis showed that 60.7% (95% CI: 40.2–78.1%) of the samples presented high glycemic indexes, evidencing a high glycemic profile for GFB. Only 18.2% (95% CI: 11.7–27.2%) of the bread samples presented in the studies were classified as a low GI. Meta-analysis presented moderate/low heterogenicity between studies (I2 = 61% and <1% for both high and low GIs) and reinforced the proportion of high GIs. Lower GIs were found in formulations based on Colocasia esculenta flour or enriched with fiber, yogurt and curd cheese, sourdough, psyllium, hydrocolloids, enzymes, fructans, and resistant starch, highlighting the efficacy of these ingredients to lower GFBs’ GI. GFB tends to present high GI, impacting the development of chronic diseases when consumed.

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The effect of methadone on depression among addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-020-01599-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masoud Mohammadi ◽

Mohsen Kazeminia ◽

Nasrin Abdoli ◽

Behnam Khaledipaveh ◽

Shamarina Shohaimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Depression Score ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

The World ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background Opioids addiction and misuse are among the major problems in the world today. There have been several preliminary studies examining the effect of methadone on depression among addicts, however, these studies have reported inconsistent and even contradictory results. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of methadone on depression in addicts in Iran and around the world, using a meta-analysis approach. Methods This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis including articles published in the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched systematically to find articles published from 2006 to March 2019. Heterogeneity index was determined using the Cochran's test (Qc) and I2. Considering heterogeneity of studies, the random effects model was used to estimate the standardized difference of mean score for depression. Subsequently, the level of depression reduction in Iran and worldwide in the intervention group before and after the testwas measured. Results A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria, and were therefore selected for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The sample size of the intervention group in the selected studies was 1948. According to the meta-analysis results, the mean depression score in the intervention group was 26.4 ± 5.6 and 18.4 ± 2.6 before and after intervention respectively, indicating the reducing effect of methadone on depression, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The results of the present study show that methadone significantly reduces depression in addicts. Therefore, regular methadone use can be part of a drug treatment plan.

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Impact of Non-Confinement Accommodation on Farrowing Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Farrowing Crates Versus Pens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9110957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 957 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dannielle Glencorse ◽

Kate Plush ◽

Susan Hazel ◽

Darryl D’Souza ◽

Michelle Hebart

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Literature Searches ◽

Piglet Mortality ◽

Partial Confinement ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Piglet Survival

There are conflicting reports regarding the effect of farrowing house accommodation on piglet performance. The aim of this investigation was to use a systematic review and meta-analyses to summarise the results of publications that focused on direct comparisons between full confinement conventional crates and various designs of loose-housed farrowing pens from loading until weaning. Literature searches in Scopus, BIOSIS Previews, Cab Abstracts, and Web of Science identified 6695 articles. Twenty-two publications were retained for the systematic review and individual meta-analyses after screening for inclusion criteria. The random effects meta-analyses were performed on crate versus pen for number of piglets born alive, number of stillborn piglets, pre-weaning mortality, and number of piglets weaned. Additionally, the modifiers of confinement length (no confinement from loading until weaning or partial confinement for shorter periods of time in the early stages post parturition), enrichment (no enrichment or enrichment provided), and pen size (small, medium, or large) were examined. There was a 14% increase in the relative risk of piglet mortality in farrowing pens when they were compared with crates (p = 0.0015). The number of stillborns per litter was not different between the pen and crate. However, when providing enrichment in the pens, there was an increase in stillborns within farrowing crates versus pens (p = 0.009). There was no overall effect on piglets that were born alive or number weaned. As there is no difference between piglets born alive and mortality is significantly higher in farrowing pens, a reduction in the number of piglets weaned was expected but not observed, which was possibly due to the lack of weaning details provided in the publications. This was the first systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on the performance of farrowing accommodation and identified that farrowing pens do compromise post-natal piglet survival. Future efforts should focus on improving sow comfort in the farrowing crate to maximize both piglet and sow welfare.

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Hypertension and the risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep44808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Dagfinn Aune ◽

Abhijit Sen ◽

Lars J. Vatten

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract A history of hypertension has been associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer in several studies, but the results have not been consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies to clarify the association between hypertension and endometrial cancer risk. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to 27th of February 2016. Prospective and case-control studies which reported adjusted relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals of endometrial cancer associated with a hypertension diagnosis were included. Summary relative risks were estimated using a random effects model. Nineteen case-control studies and 6 cohort studies were included. The summary RR was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.41–1.85, I2 = 86%) for all studies, 1.73 (95% CI: 1.45–2.06, I2 = 89%) for case-control studies and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.12–1.56, I2 = 47%) for cohort studies. The association between hypertension and endometrial cancer was weaker, but still significant, among studies with adjustment for smoking, BMI, oral contraceptive use, and parity, compared to studies without such adjustment. This meta-analysis suggest an increased risk of endometrial cancer among patients with hypertension, however, further studies with more comprehensive adjustments for confounders are warranted to clarify the association.

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Febuxostat use and risks of CVD events, death from cardiac-cause and all-cause mortality: metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.200307 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. jrheum.200307

Author(s):

Hao Deng ◽

Bao Long Zhang ◽

Jin Dong Tong ◽

Xiu Hong Yang ◽

Hui Min Jin

Keyword(s):

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Central Register ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

Objective To assess whether febuxostat use increases the risk of developing cardiovascular events, death from cardiac-cause and all-cause mortalities. Methods The relevant literature was searched in several databases including the MEDLINE (PubMed, 1 Jan. 1966–29 Feb. 2020), Web of science, EMBASE (1 Jan. 1974–29 Feb. 2020), ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials. Manual searches for references cited in the original studies and relevant review articles were also performed. All studies included in this metanalysis were published in English. Results In the end, 20 studies that met our inclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. Use of febuxostat was found not to be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.57–1.32, P =0.507). Also, there was no association between febuxostat use and mortalities arising from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.49–1.45, P=0.528). The RR also revealed that febuxostat use was not associated with CVD events (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.83–1.16, P =0.827). Furthermore, the likelihood of occurrence of CVD events was found not to be dependent on febuxostat dose (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.84–1.30, P =0.723). Conclusion Febuxostat use is not associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, death from CVD or CVD events. Accordingly, it is a safe drug for the treatment of gout. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019131872

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Relation between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/8212063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jie Wang ◽

Yangjing Xue ◽

Saroj Thapa ◽

Luping Wang ◽

Jifei Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

Data on the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease and mortality are conflicting. The purpose of this report is to conduct a systematic review to better understand the role of AMD as a risk factor for CVD events and mortality. We searched Medline (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) for trials published from 1980 to 2015. We included 20 cohort studies that reported relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for the association of AMD and cardiovascular events and mortality, involving 29,964,334 participants. In a random-effects model, the adjusted RR (95% confidence interval [CI]) associated with AMD was 1.08 (1.00–1.117) for all-cause mortality (8 studies) and 1.18 (0.98–1.43) for cardiovascular disease mortality (5 studies). The pooled RR (95% CI) was 1.17 (0.94–1.45) for coronary heart disease (CHD; 3 studies) and 1.13 (0.93–1.36) for stroke (8 studies). Findings from this systematic review support that AMD is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. The evidence that AMD predicts incident CVD events or CVD mortality remains inclusive and warrants further study in the future.

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Anxiety disorders and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 102-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. Pérez-Piñar ◽

L. Ayerbe ◽

E. González ◽

R. Mathur ◽

Q. Foguet-Boreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Explanatory Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Severe Anxiety

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem worldwide. However, the evidence on the association between anxiety disorders and risk of stroke is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis presents a critical appraisal and summary of the available evidence on the association between anxiety disorders and risk of stroke.MethodsCohort studies reporting risk of stroke among patients with anxiety disorders were searched in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the Web of Science, from database inception to June 2016. The quality of the studies was assessed using standard criteria. A meta-analysis was undertaken to obtain pooled estimates of the risk of stroke among patients with anxiety disorders.ResultsEight studies, including 950,759 patients, from the 11,764 references initially identified, were included in this review. A significantly increased risk of stroke for patients with anxiety disorders was observed, with an overall hazard ratio: 1.24 (1.09–1.41), P = 0.001. No significant heterogeneity between studies was detected and the funnel plot suggested that publication bias was unlikely. Limited evidence suggests that the risk of stroke is increased shortly after the diagnosis of anxiety and that risk of stroke may be higher for patients with severe anxiety.ConclusionsAnxiety disorders are a very prevalent modifiable condition associated with risk of stroke increased by 24%. This evidence could inform the development of interventions for the management of anxiety and the prevention of stroke. Further studies on the risk of stroke in patients with anxiety, and the explanatory factors for this association, are required.

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