scholarly journals Renal loss of leptin in patients with nephrotic syndrome

2001 ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schroth ◽  
M Groschl ◽  
HG Dorr ◽  
WF Blum ◽  
W Rascher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: In humans, short term changes of serum leptin lead to alterations in food intake and energy expenditure. The objective of the present study was to relate urine leptin concentrations with the extent of proteinuria in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). A second goal was to investigate the impact of potential urinary leptin losses on serum leptin concentrations and body composition. DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with proteinuria were compared with twenty patients with remission of NS and ten healthy children. Leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Urinary leptin excretion in proteinuric patients was significantly higher than in non-proteinuric patients with and without NS and in healthy controls (2.64+/-0.034 microg/g creatinine, 0.026+/-0.05 microg/g creatinine, and 0.073+/-0.11 microg/g creatinine respectively; P<0.001 and P<0.01 respectively compared with controls). Urine leptin positively correlated with urine IgG concentration (P=0.013, r2=0.36) in the proteinuric group. No difference in serum leptin values could be demonstrated between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our data demonstrate a significant leptin excretion in children with severe proteinuria. Proteinuria, however, does not lead to changes in serum leptin, suggesting that the significant loss of leptin is compensated for by sustained up-regulation of leptin production.

scholarly journals Adjustment of Whey:Casein Ratio from 20:80 to 60:40 in Milk Formulation Affects Food Intake and Brainstem and Hypothalamic Neuronal Activation and Gene Expression in Laboratory Mice

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Erin L. Wood ◽  
David G. Christian ◽  
Mohammed Arafat ◽  
Laura K. McColl ◽  
Colin G. Prosser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Animal Milk ◽  
The Impact

Adjustment of protein content in milk formulations modifies protein and energy levels, ensures amino acid intake and affects satiety. The shift from the natural whey:casein ratio of ~20:80 in animal milk is oftentimes done to reflect the 60:40 ratio of human milk. Studies show that 20:80 versus 60:40 whey:casein milks differently affect glucose metabolism and hormone release; these data parallel animal model findings. It is unknown whether the adjustment from the 20:80 to 60:40 ratio affects appetite and brain processes related to food intake. In this set of studies, we focused on the impact of the 20:80 vs. 60:40 whey:casein content in milk on food intake and feeding-related brain processes in the adult organism. By utilising laboratory mice, we found that the 20:80 whey:casein milk formulation was consumed less avidly and was less preferred than the 60:40 formulation in short-term choice and no-choice feeding paradigms. The relative PCR analyses in the hypothalamus and brain stem revealed that the 20:80 whey:casein milk intake upregulated genes involved in early termination of feeding and in an interplay between reward and satiety, such as melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R), oxytocin (OXT), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R). The 20:80 versus 60:40 whey:casein formulation intake differently affected brain neuronal activation (assessed through c-Fos, an immediate-early gene product) in the nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. We conclude that the shift from the 20:80 to 60:40 whey:casein ratio in milk affects short-term feeding and relevant brain processes.

scholarly journals Different Short-Term Mild Exercise Modalities Lead to Differential Effects on Body Composition in Healthy Prepubertal Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sontam ◽  
M. H. Vickers ◽  
J. M. O’Sullivan ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
E. C. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Exercise ◽  
Prepubertal Rats

Physical activity has a vital role in regulating and improving bone strength. Responsiveness of bone mass to exercise is age dependent with the prepubertal period suggested to be the most effective stage for interventions. There is a paucity of data on the effects of exercise on bone architecture and body composition when studied within the prepubertal period. We examined the effect of two forms of low-impact exercise on prepubertal changes in body composition and bone architecture. Weanling male rats were assigned to control (CON), bipedal stance (BPS), or wheel exercise (WEX) groups for 15 days until the onset of puberty. Distance travelled via WEX was recorded, food intake measured, and body composition quantified. Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture of the femur were determined by microcomputed tomography. WEX led to a higher lean mass and reduced fat mass compared to CON. WEX animals had greater femoral cortical cross-sectional thickness and closed porosity compared to CON. The different exercise modalities had no effect on body weight or food intake, but WEX significantly altered body composition and femoral microarchitecture. These data suggest that short-term mild voluntary exercise in normal prepubertal rats can alter body composition dependent upon the exercise modality.

scholarly journals Clinical Utility of Serum Holotranscobalamin Measurements in Patients with First-Ever Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Oh Joo Kweon ◽  
Yong Kwan Lim ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee ◽  
Hye Ryoun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Impact

Background. Whether holotranscobalamin (holoTC) indicates B12 deficiency more sensitively than total vitamin B12 (B12) is unclear. This study is aimed at determining the impact of serum holoTC level as a risk factor for ischemic stroke and investigating its association with disease severity and short-term outcomes. Methods. Serum holoTC, total B12, and homocysteine levels were compared between 130 stroke patients and 138 healthy controls. Biomarker level correlations with disease severity and stroke functional outcomes were investigated. Results. holoTC levels were lower and homocysteine levels were higher in stroke patients than in healthy controls ( P < 0.05 ). The holoTC/total B12 ratio and homocysteine level significantly predicted ischemic stroke in the multivariable regression analysis ( P < 0.05 ). Along with hyperhomocysteinemia, patients more often had holoTC than total B12 deficiency (6.2% vs. 3.1%). holoTC levels negatively correlated with homocysteine levels (partial R -0.165, P < 0.05 ) in stroke patients in multiple linear regression analyses, but not total B12 levels. The holoTC level and holoTC/total B12 ratio, but not homocysteine and total B12 levels, negatively correlated with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (partial R , -0.405 and -0.207, respectively, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions. Measurements of serum holoTC levels combined with total B12 and homocysteine levels may provide valuable information for predicting ischemic stroke and its severity and short-term outcomes of ischemic stroke patients.

Role of physiology and environmental factors on food intake control in boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physiologic Regulation

To examine the hypothesis that physiologic regulation of short-term food intake (FI) in boys is affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors, four studies were conducted. The primary objectives were as follows: (i) to compare the effect of glucose and whey-protein (50 g) preloads on satiety and FI as affected by time to the next meal and body composition in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) boys; (ii) to examine the role of short-duration physical activity on subjective appetite and to identify the role of and associations between fitness and FI at a pizza lunch 30 min after glucose and whey-protein drinks in NW boys; (iii) to determine the effect of television viewing (TVV) on FI of boys at a meal and its effect on caloric compensation at the test meal after a premeal glucose drink; and (iv) to determine the reproducibility of short-term FI and subjective appetite after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold (VT), and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Obese boys responded less than NW boys to whey protein, with time (30 vs. 60 min) to the next meal the response decreasing to glucose but increasing to protein. Subjective appetite was increased by short-duration physical activity and FI following glucose and whey-protein preloads was positively associated with VT in boys. TVV while eating a meal contributed to increased energy intake by delaying normal mealtime satiation and reducing satiety signals from previously consumed foods. Short-term FI after a glucose preload, subjective appetite after glucose and physical activity, VT, and body composition assessed by BIA were reproducible in boys. In conclusion, physiologic regulation of short-term FI in boys was affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors. Macronutrient source, body weight and composition, time to the next meal, short-duration physical activity and fitness, and TVV at mealtime impacted on FI regulation in boys.

scholarly journals The impact of parent socio-economic status on executive functioning and cortical morphology in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Yeo ◽  
D. Martinez ◽  
J. Pommy ◽  
S. Ehrlich ◽  
S. C. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Executive Skills ◽  
Cortical Morphology ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundRelatively lower executive functioning is characteristic of individuals with schizophrenia. As low socio-economic status (SES) early in life (i.e. parent SES) has been linked with lower executive skills in healthy children, we hypothesized that parental SES (pSES) would be more strongly related to executive functioning in individuals with schizophrenia than in controls and have a greater impact on prefrontal cortical morphology.MethodHealthy controls (n = 125) and individuals with schizophrenia (n = 102) completed tests assessing executive functioning and intelligence. The groups were matched on pSES, which was evaluated with the Hollingshead–Redlich scale. A principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted on 10 variables from six executive tests, yielding three specific components (fluency, planning and response inhibition). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate effects of pSES on gray matter (GM) concentration.ResultsLower pSES was associated with lower scores across the three executive functioning components, and a significant group by pSES interaction was observed such that low pSES, in particular, affected individuals with schizophrenia. These effects remained significant when intellectual ability, education and self-SES (sSES) were added as covariates. VBM revealed that lower pSES was associated with reduced GM volume in several anterior brain regions, especially the superior frontal gyrus, in patients but not in controls.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that individuals with schizophrenia may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse impact of low pSES, in terms of both lower executive skills and reduced anterior GM volumes.

scholarly journals Leptin levels show diurnal variation throughout puberty in healthy children, and follow a gender-specific pattern

2001 ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ankarberg-Lindgren ◽  
J Dahlgren ◽  
B Carlsson ◽  
S Rosberg ◽  
L Carlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Pubertal Boys ◽  
Gender Specific

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels and diurnal rhythm of serum leptin in healthy children, and to investigate the association between leptin levels and sex steroids. METHODS: Four girls and four boys, all healthy volunteers, were followed longitudinally throughout puberty. Their chronological ages ranged from 8.7 to 19.5 years, and body composition, expressed as weight-for-height standard deviation scores (SDS), ranged between -1.7 and +2.4. Serum leptin, oestradiol and testosterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay at 1000, 1400, 1800, 2200, 0200 and 0600 h. RESULTS: In all girls and boys, both prepubertally and during pubertal development, serum leptin levels increased during the night, with no difference in relative peak amplitude. In boys, the leptin concentrations increased until the initiation of puberty and then declined, whereas in girls, the concentrations increased throughout puberty. The inter-individual variation in mean leptin levels among girls decreased to 11% at the time of menarche. A positive correlation was found for both oestradiol and testosterone versus leptin in girls throughout puberty (r=0.64 and r=0.71 respectively, P<0.001). A negative correlation was found between leptin and testosterone in boys in mid- and late puberty (r=-0.66, P<0.01). No correlation was found between oestradiol and leptin in boys or between testosterone and leptin in pre- and early pubertal boys. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin concentrations show diurnal variation throughout pubertal development in both girls and boys. The changes in leptin levels during puberty follow a gender-specific pattern, probably due to an influence of sex steroids on leptin production.

Leptin response to carbohydrate or fat meal and association with subsequent satiety and energy intake

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E855-E861 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Romon ◽  
P. Lebel ◽  
C. Velly ◽  
N. Marecaux ◽  
J. C. Fruchart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

To assess the impact of the macronutrient content of a meal on the postprandial leptin response and its relationship with postprandial satiety, 22 young healthy subjects (11 men and 11 women) were given, in a randomized order, an isoenergetic meal [carbohydrate (81%) or fat (79%)] or remained fasting. Blood sampling and hunger and satiety scores were collected hourly during 9 h after the meal. Spontaneous intake was measured at a buffet meal at 9 h postprandially. In both genders, leptin response was higher after the carbohydrate meal than after the fat meal and while fasting. In women, leptin levels were higher after the fat meal than while fasting. Leptin response was significantly correlated to insulin response ( r = 0.51, P < 0.0001). Hunger and satiety ratings and subsequent energy intake were not different after carbohydrate or fat intake. In conclusion, a carbohydrate meal induces higher postprandial leptin levels than an isoenergetic fat meal. Short-term regulation of postprandial satiety and food intake is not influenced by circulating leptin.

scholarly journals The Impact of Reversible Gonadal Sex Steroid Suppression on Serum Leptin Concentrations in Children with Central Precocious Puberty1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096
Author(s):  
Mark R. Palmert ◽  
Sally Radovick ◽  
Paul A. Boepple
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Serum leptin concentrations increase during childhood in both sexes. During sexual maturation, levels rise further in girls, but decrease in boys. These data suggest that testosterone either directly suppresses leptin levels or induces changes in body composition that result in lower leptin concentrations. To examine further the relationship between sex steroids and leptin, we performed a longitudinal study in children with central precocious puberty (28 girls and 12 boys) before, during, and after discontinuation of GnRH agonist-induced pituitary-gonadal suppression. Nighttime and daytime leptin levels were measured to determine whether the activity of the pituitary-gonadal axis affects their diurnal variation. In the boys, suppression of testosterone increased leptin levels, whereas resumption of puberty was associated with decreased leptin levels [3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 9.5 ± 3.1 ng/dL (P = 0.005) and 12.2 ± 4.5 vs. 7.0 ± 2.6 ng/dL (P = 0.012), respectively]. Serum leptin levels did not change in the girls with alteration of the pituitary-ovarian axis and consistently exceeded those in boys. Nighttime levels were consistently greater than daytime values by an average of 38.3% in the girls and 29.4% in the boys. These serial observations during reversible pituitary-gonadal suppression suggest that testosterone decreases leptin concentrations, but that estrogen, at least in this childhood model, has no discernible effect. In addition, our data indicate that the presence of the diurnal rhythm in leptin concentrations is independent of the state of the reproductive axis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Composition and a Gluten Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Więch ◽  
Zdzisława Chmiel ◽  
Dariusz Bazaliński ◽  
Izabela Sałacińska ◽  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Impact

The primary and proven therapy, in cases of celiac disease (CD), is a rigorous gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there are reports of its negative effects in the form of nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and adverse changes in body composition. The study aimed to assess the impact of a GFD on the body composition of children with CD. In a case-controlled study (n = 41; mean age 10.81 y; SD = 3.96) children with CD, in various stages of treatment, underwent medical assessment. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. More than half of the examined children (n = 26) followed a GFD. CD children had significantly higher mean values of the fat free mass (FFM% = 80.68 vs. 76.66, p = 0.015), and total body water (TBW% = 65.22 vs. 60.47, p = 0.012), and lower mean values of the fat mass (FM% = 19.32 vs. 23.34, p = 0.015). Children who were on a GFD presented slightly higher, but not statistically significant, mean values of FM and FFM, than children who did not follow dietary recommendations (FM [kg] = 7.48 vs. 5.24, p = 0.064; FM% = 20.81 vs. 16.73, p = 0.087; FFM [kg] = 28.19 vs. 22.62, p = 0.110). After minimum one year of a GFD, CD children showed significantly higher values of FFM [kg] (p = 0.001), muscle mass (MM) [kg] (p < 0.001), TBW [L] (p < 0.001) and body cell mass (BCM) [kg] (p < 0.001). Furthermore, CD children who were on a GFD presented a significantly higher increase in weight (p = 0.034) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.021). The children adhering to a GFD demonstrate a tendency towards higher indices of selected body composition components.

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