scholarly journals Parameters affecting the mechanical refining process of plant raw materials using a jet-impingement method

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4212-4220
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Yurtayeva ◽  
Yuri D. Alashkevich ◽  
Roman A. Marchenko ◽  
Darya Yu. Vasilieva ◽  
Eugene V. Kaplyov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Complex Parameter ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Time Required

Different types of rotor-stator and jet-impingement refining equipment are used depending on the methods of production of fibre semi-finished products and on the initial state of raw materials. This article examines various refining modes for jet-impingement devices and their influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the processed material. Main design parameters that affect the refining process in this type of plant were determined. It was shown that the time required to refine a fibre mass using this plant depends on the jet flow rate (from the nozzle to the barrier), i.e. as the jet flow rate increases, the time required to refine the fibre mass decreases. A dimensionless machine parameter was obtained that characterises the effectiveness of the refining process and the design of jet-impingement refining plants. Using the dimensional method, a functional dependence was observed of breaking length, bursting strength, folding strength, and tearing strength on the machine complex parameter. The numerical value of the machine complex parameter was determined, depending on refining duration.

Experimental investigation on influence of inlet/outlet pressures on submerged jet flow in common rail injector

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 1724-1734
Author(s):  
Tao Qiu ◽  
Chenglin Wu ◽  
Yan Lei ◽  
Yuwei Liu ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Submerged Jet ◽  
Optical Test

The fuel flow in the working chamber of the common rail fuel injector, which is a submerged jet flow, determines the needle movement and causes great effects on the fuel injection performance. This work presents an experimental investigation on the submerged jet flow characteristics of a cylindrical orifice under conditions of varied boundary pressures. A full-scale optical test rig is set up to examine the submerged flow of the cylindrical orifice based on a fuel pump test bench. The optical experimental results reveal that the inner cylindrical orifice flow induces cavitation and causes influences on the submerged jet flow. As the inner cavitation is at the cylindrical orifice outlet, the cylindrical orifice discharge coefficient declines but the mass flow rate becomes choking. The test results also show the boundary pressures (the inlet and outlet pressures) of the cylindrical orifice have great influences on the impingement force of the submerged jet flow. The development process of the impingement force is divided into two periods: the stable period and the fluctuation period. Moreover, the impingement force increases quadratically with the increase in the mass flow rate. Once the choking flow happens, it is useless to increase the jet impingement force by improving the inlet pressure.

scholarly journals A Numerical Study of Sub-Millisecond Integrated Mix-and-Inject Microfluidic Devices for Sample Delivery at Synchrotron and XFELs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Majid Hejazian ◽  
Eugeniu Balaur ◽  
Brian Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Required

Microfluidic devices which integrate both rapid mixing and liquid jetting for sample delivery are an emerging solution for studying molecular dynamics via X-ray diffraction. Here we use finite element modelling to investigate the efficiency and time-resolution achievable using microfluidic mixers within the parameter range required for producing stable liquid jets. Three-dimensional simulations, validated by experimental data, are used to determine the velocity and concentration distribution within these devices. The results show that by adopting a serpentine geometry, it is possible to induce chaotic mixing, which effectively reduces the time required to achieve a homogeneous mixture for sample delivery. Further, we investigate the effect of flow rate and the mixer microchannel size on the mixing efficiency and minimum time required for complete mixing of the two solutions whilst maintaining a stable jet. In general, we find that the smaller the cross-sectional area of the mixer microchannel, the shorter the time needed to achieve homogeneous mixing for a given flow rate. The results of these simulations will form the basis for optimised designs enabling the study of molecular dynamics occurring on millisecond timescales using integrated mix-and-inject microfluidic devices.

Multi-objective optimization of squirrel cage fan for range hood based on Kriging model

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199586
Author(s):  
Qianhao Xiao ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Boyan Jiang ◽  
Weigang Yang ◽  
Xiaopei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Kriging Model ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Squirrel Cage

In view of the multi-objective optimization design of the squirrel cage fan for the range hood, a blade parameterization method based on the quadratic non-uniform B-spline (NUBS) determined by four control points was proposed to control the outlet angle, chord length and maximum camber of the blade. Morris-Mitchell criteria were used to obtain the optimal Latin hypercube sample based on the evolutionary operation, and different subsets of sample numbers were created to study the influence of sample numbers on the multi-objective optimization results. The Kriging model, which can accurately reflect the response relationship between design variables and optimization objectives, was established. The second-generation Non-dominated Sorting Genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to optimize the volume flow rate at the best efficiency point (BEP) and the maximum volume flow rate point (MVP). The results show that the design parameters corresponding to the optimization results under different sample numbers are not the same, and the fluctuation range of the optimal design parameters is related to the influence of the design parameters on the optimization objectives. Compared with the prototype, the optimized impeller increases the radial velocity of the impeller outlet, reduces the flow loss in the volute, and increases the diffusion capacity, which improves the volume flow rate, and efficiency of the range hood system under multiple working conditions.

The Optimum Groove Geometry for Spiral Groove Viscous Pumps

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Sato ◽  
Kyosuke Ono ◽  
Akihiko Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Groove Width ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Spiral Groove ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Viscous Pump ◽  
Outflow Rate

The optimum geometries of disk and cylindrical sprial groove viscous pumps to provide the maximum pressure or flow rate are investigated theoretically. The geometrical design parameters, such as the groove angle, groove to ridge clearance ratio, groove width ratio and ridge clearance ratio, are considered as functions of meridional coordinate. Results are obtained from the solution of a differential equation for the smoothed overall pressure distribution of a spiral groove viscous pump. It is found that outflow rate increases with the increase of groove to ridge clearance ratio λ, and that for each value of λ there exist “optimum” values of groove angle and groove width ratio, which give a maximum outflow rate. However, the increase of λ decreases the ridge clearance.

scholarly journals Increased take-off level in automatic milking systems – effects on milk flow, milk yield and milking efficiency at the quarter level

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Ferneborg ◽  
Måns Thulin ◽  
Sigrid Agenäs ◽  
Kerstin Svennersten-Sjaunja ◽  
Peter Krawczel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Decline Phase ◽  
Flow Profiles ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
Time Required

AbstractThis research communication describes how different detachment levels (0.48, 0.3 and 0.06 kg milk/min) at the quarter-level affect milk flow profiles and overall milking efficiency in automatic milking systems. We hypothesized a higher detachment level would result in greater mean flow rates without affecting the volume of harvested milk per cow during 24 h compared to lower detachment levels. The data suggest milk flow decreased to a rate below the overmilking limit within the 6-s delay time required for termination in all treatments, but the duration of overmilking was shorter for the greatest detachment level compared to the other treatments. We conclude that setting a detachment level at a greater milk flow rate reduces the duration of overmilking without affecting the amount of milk harvested when applied to cows in mid-lactation during quarter-level milking. We also suggest that the steepness of the decline phase of the milk flow curve might have a larger effect than the actual detachment level on the duration of overmilking.

scholarly journals Optimal design to control rotor shaft vibrations and thermal management on a supercritical CO2 microturbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Hal Gurgenci ◽  
Jishun Li ◽  
Lun Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Resonance Amplitude ◽  
Chaotic Mapping ◽  
The Given

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) Brayton cycle microturbine can be used for the next generation of solar power. In order to comprehensively optimize the supporting system and cooling device parameters of Brayton cycle shafting, the concept of chaos interval is introduced by chaotic mapping, and the CIMPSO algorithm is proposed to optimize the multi-objective rotor system model with nonlinear variables.The results show that the resonance amplitude of the optimized model is effectively attenuated, and the critical speed point is far away from the working speed, which shows the robustness of the optimization algorithm. Finally, based on arbitrary several sets of optimization solutions and empirical parameters, the finite element model of shafting is established for simulation, and the results show that the optimized solution has certain guiding significance for the design of the rotor system.The cooling device is designed and simulated by CFD method based on the optimal solution set. Both the inlet boundary conditions of given pressure (1 MPα) and given mass flow rate (0.1 kg/s) numerical calculations were carried out to characterize the cooling performance, for different jet impingement configurations (Hr/din = 0.0125 ∼ 5).Several sets of analyses show the strong effects of the jet-to-target spacing (Hr/din) on the rotor thermal performance at a given diameter (din) of the nozzle. Average temperature (Tc) at the free end of the rotor show that, as jet-to-target distance decreases (0.0125 ≤ Hr/din ≤ 0.33), the heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling device with the given pressure boundary condition tends to decrease, while the conclusion is opposite when the inlet boundary condition is set to the given mass flow rate. And there is an interval for the optimal combination (Hr/din) to promote the cooling efficiency.

scholarly journals The Influence of Impeller Geometry on the Gas Bubbles Dispersion in Uro-200 Reactor – RTD Curves / Wpływ Rodzaju Wirnika Na Dyspersję Pęcherzyków Gazowych W Reaktorze URO-200 – Krzywe Mieszania

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2887-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saternus ◽  
T. Merder ◽  
J. Pieprzyca
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Residence Time Distribution ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Impeller Speed ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Liquid Aluminium ◽  
Impeller Geometry

URO-200 reactor belongs to batch reactors used in refining process of aluminium and its alloys in polish foundries. The appropriate level of hydrogen removal from liquid aluminium can be obtained when the mixing of inert gas bubbles with liquid metal is uniform. Thus, the important role is played by the following parameters: flow rate of refining gas, geometry of the impeller, rotary impeller speed. The article presents the results of research conducted on physical model of URO-200 reactor. The NaCl tracer was introduced to water (modelling liquid aluminium) and then the conductivity was measured. Basing on the obtained results the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves were determined. The measurements were carried out for two different rotary impellers, flow rate equaled 5, 10, 15 and 20 dm3/min and rotary impeller speed from 250 to 400 rpm every 50 rpm.

scholarly journals Simple superphosphate by two-stage acid treatment of phosphate raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
D Sherkuziev
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract The distinguishing feature of the proposed flow method before the classical (chamber) method is that the entire production cycle of natural phosphate processing is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the phosphorite is treated with a stoichiometric flow rate of concentrated sulphuric acid (at least 93%), under conditions of complete decomposition of phosphorite to form phosphoric acid and crystals of anhydrite (calcium sulfate). The reaction temperature is 122 °C. In the second stage, the resulting concentrated solution of phosphoric acid in a mixture with sulphur is involved in a reaction with an additional input of phosphorite, which is the basis for the mechanism of chemical formation of monocalciumphosphate and granulation of superphosphate mass. The processes for neutralizing phosphoric acid on monocalciumphosphate and for granulating the product by coagulation are combined in one apparatus. The drying stage of the product is excluded from the scheme.

Impingement of liquid jets at atmospheric and elevated pressures: an observational study using paired water jets or water and methylcyclohexane jets

2010 ◽  
Vol 466 (2124) ◽  
pp. 3501-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Yasuda ◽  
Koji Yamamura ◽  
Yasuhiko H. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Lower Flow ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Sheet Breakup ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

We have observed the impingement of two cylindrical liquid jets of either the same liquid, water, or two mutually immiscible liquids, water and methylcyclohexane (MCH), in either air under normal pressure (0.101 MPa) or nitrogen gas under elevated pressures up to 4.0 MPa. The flow rates of the two jets were adjusted such that they had equal axial momentum. Irrespective of the system pressure, we distinguished two characteristic regimes: the lower flow-rate regime, in which the jet impingement formed a regularly shaped planar sheet, and a higher flow-rate regime, in which a wrinkled sheet repeated azimuthal breakup. The transition from the former to the latter regime occurred at a lower flow rate for the water–MCH impingement than for the water–water impingement. An increase in the system pressure tended to shrink the liquid sheets, to promote the transition to the sheet-breakup regime and to intensify the liquid atomization. The formation of water–MCH compound droplets by the water–MCH impingement was confirmed visually.

Development of a Latching Valve for Micro-Chem-Lab™

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Channy Wong ◽  
Douglas R. Adkins ◽  
Ronald P. Manginell ◽  
Gregory C. Frye-Mason ◽  
Peter J. Hesketh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Magnetic Actuation ◽  
Phase Detection

Abstract An integrated microsystem to detect traces of chemical agents (μChemLab™) is being developed at Sandia for counter-terrorism and nonproliferation applications. This microsystem has two modes of operation: liquid and gas phase detection. For the gas phase detection, we are integrating these critical components: a preconcentrator for sample collection, a gas chromatographic (GC) separator, a chemically selective flexural plate wave (FPW) array mass detector, and a latching valve onto a single chip. By fabricating these components onto a single integrated system (μChemLab™ on a chip), the advantages of reduced dead volume, lower power consumption, and smaller physical size can be realized. In this paper, the development of a latching valve will be presented. The key design parameters for this latching valve are: a volumetric flow rate of 1 mL/min, a maximum hold-off pressure of 40 kPa (6 psi), a relatively low power, and a fast response time. These requirements have led to the design of a magnetically actuated latching relay diaphragm valve. Magnetic actuation is chosen because it can achieve sufficient force to effectively seal against back pressure and its power consumption is relatively low. The actuation time is rapid, and valve can latch in either an open or closed state. A corrugated parylene membrane is used to separate the working fluid from internal components of the valve. Corrugations in the parylene ensure that the diaphragm presents minimum resistance to the actuator for a relativley large deflection. Two different designs and their performance of the magnetic actuation have been evaluated. The first uses a linear magnetic drive mechanism, and the second uses a relay mechanism. Preliminary results of the valve performance indicates that the required driving voltage is about 10 volts, the measured flow rate is about 50 mL/min, and it can hold off pressure of about 5 psi (34 kPa). Latest modifications of the design show excellent performance improvements.

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