Development of a Latching Valve for Micro-Chem-Lab™

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Channy Wong ◽  
Douglas R. Adkins ◽  
Ronald P. Manginell ◽  
Gregory C. Frye-Mason ◽  
Peter J. Hesketh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Magnetic Actuation ◽  
Phase Detection

Abstract An integrated microsystem to detect traces of chemical agents (μChemLab™) is being developed at Sandia for counter-terrorism and nonproliferation applications. This microsystem has two modes of operation: liquid and gas phase detection. For the gas phase detection, we are integrating these critical components: a preconcentrator for sample collection, a gas chromatographic (GC) separator, a chemically selective flexural plate wave (FPW) array mass detector, and a latching valve onto a single chip. By fabricating these components onto a single integrated system (μChemLab™ on a chip), the advantages of reduced dead volume, lower power consumption, and smaller physical size can be realized. In this paper, the development of a latching valve will be presented. The key design parameters for this latching valve are: a volumetric flow rate of 1 mL/min, a maximum hold-off pressure of 40 kPa (6 psi), a relatively low power, and a fast response time. These requirements have led to the design of a magnetically actuated latching relay diaphragm valve. Magnetic actuation is chosen because it can achieve sufficient force to effectively seal against back pressure and its power consumption is relatively low. The actuation time is rapid, and valve can latch in either an open or closed state. A corrugated parylene membrane is used to separate the working fluid from internal components of the valve. Corrugations in the parylene ensure that the diaphragm presents minimum resistance to the actuator for a relativley large deflection. Two different designs and their performance of the magnetic actuation have been evaluated. The first uses a linear magnetic drive mechanism, and the second uses a relay mechanism. Preliminary results of the valve performance indicates that the required driving voltage is about 10 volts, the measured flow rate is about 50 mL/min, and it can hold off pressure of about 5 psi (34 kPa). Latest modifications of the design show excellent performance improvements.

scholarly journals Improving Output Performance of a Resonant Piezoelectric Pump by Adding Proof Masses to a U-Shaped Piezoelectric Resonator

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Wenzhi Gao ◽  
Changhai Liu ◽  
Liangguo He ◽  
Yishan Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Resonator ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Volume Efficiency ◽  
Working Efficiency

This study proposes the improvement of the output performance of a resonant piezoelectric pump by adding proof masses to the free ends of the prongs of a U-shaped piezoelectric resonator. Simulation analyses show that the out-of-phase resonant frequency of the developed resonator can be tuned more efficiently within a more compact structure to the optimal operating frequency of the check valves by adjusting the thickness of the proof masses, which ensures that both the resonator and the check valves can operate at the best condition in a piezoelectric pump. A separable prototype piezoelectric pump composed of the proposed resonator and two diaphragm pumps was designed and fabricated with outline dimensions of 30 mm × 37 mm × 54 mm. Experimental results demonstrate remarkable improvements in the output performance and working efficiency of the piezoelectric pump. With the working fluid of liquid water and under a sinusoidal driving voltage of 298.5 Vpp, the miniature pump can achieve the maximum flow rate of 2258.9 mL/min with the highest volume efficiency of 77.1% and power consumption of 2.12 W under zero backpressure at 311/312 Hz, and the highest backpressure of 157.3 kPa under zero flow rate at 383 Hz.

Extrusion Modeling of Solid Plug Flow of Co-Rotating Twin Screw Pulping Extruder

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang Shen ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Shao Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Principle ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Important Design

In order to calculate important design parameters, screw axial force and power consumption of twin screw pulping extruder (TSPE), considering actions of the solid material plug in reverse thread of the TSPE and according to static balance principle, an extrusion model including plug flowing and shearing in reverse thread is proposed in the paper. Based on the model, screw axial force, screw torque, power consumption and flow rate can be derived. When changing thread lead numbers or slot width on the flight of the reverse thread, theoretical calculating results and testing results are better consistent.

scholarly journals Method of calculating the design parameters of a modulator anti-lock braking system with a high flow of working fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Mikhail ZHILEVICH ◽  
Sergey ERMILOV ◽  
Denis KAPSKI ◽  
Yuriy VOVK ◽  
Oleg LYASHUK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Process

The design dimensions of the executive hydraulic cylinders of the brake system of heavy-duty mining dump trucks cause high fluid flow during the braking process. Therefore, dimensions of the anti-blocking system modulator spool pair require unique electromagnets or hydraulic amplifiers to control. These solutions do not allow the required modulator performance. Thus, a modulator scheme with a division of the flow of fluid from the source to the brake cylinders was developed. This scheme allows during emergency braking passing, an additional amount of fluid to cylinders through the valve, installed parallel to the main valve upon pressure increase phase and controlled by the pressure difference. The task is to develop a method for calculating the main structural dimensions of a modulator. The calculation of the valve of the second cascade, installed in parallel to the main stage, is carried out for the emergency braking mode with the maximum flow rate to ensure the required performance of the braking system. The balance of fluid flows equations is compiled at the key points. The flow rate of the fluid through each of the valves is determined by the Torricelli formula, and the pressure difference across the valves is assuned equal. The obtained relations allows building a family of Q-p curves, which can be used to select the diameter and stroke of the additional valve depending on the flow rate in the brake system.

Evaluation of Mini/Micro-Pumps for Micro-Chem-Lab™

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Channy Wong ◽  
Jeb H. Flemming ◽  
Douglas R. Adkins ◽  
Michael A. Plowman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Micro Pump ◽  
Head Pressure ◽  
High Head

The performance of a selective group of mini and micro-pumps has been evaluated for use in gas phase detection for the Micro-Chem-Lab™. Our major assessment criteria are: flow rate, pressure drop across the pump, and electrical current drawn by the pump. Two pumping configurations have been investigated: (1) upstream pumping to build up pressure head and (2) downstream pumping to draw vacuum. Four mini-pumps (T-Square, SP 250 EC, SP 135 FZ-4, and KNF Neuberger) have been studied. Each of these pumps has been tested to determine whether they meet our requirements of high head pressure, high flow rate, and low power consumption. We have also assessed different mechanisms for pumping gas in micro-domains — specifically, a valveless diffuser/nozzle micro-pump, a LIGA diaphragm micro-pump and a micro drag pump. However our preliminary findings reveal that these micro-pumps do not meet our minimal requirements for use in the μChemLab™.

Effect of Bubble Size and Angle of Tapered Upriser Pipe on the Effectiveness of a Two Phase Lifting Pump

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hanafizadeh ◽  
M. H. Saidi ◽  
A. Zamiri ◽  
A. Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bubble Size ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Bubble Distribution ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Different Diameters

Two phase lifting pumps are devices with the ability of lifting liquid phase by injecting the gas phase. Parameters which affect the performance of these pumps are divided into two groups. The first group contains design parameters such as diameter of the pipe, tapering angle of the upriser pipe and the submergence ratio which is the ratio of immersed length to the total length of the upriser. The second group includes operating parameters, such as the gas flow rate, bubble diameter, bubble distribution and inlet gas pressure. In this research, the performance of two phase lifting pump is investigated numerically for different submergence ratios and different diameter of the upriser pipe. For this purpose the two phase pump with a riser length of 914 mm and different diameters (6, 8 and 10 mm), and seven tapering angles (0°, 0.25°, 0.5°, 1°, 1.5°, 2° and 3°) are numerically modeled and analyzed. Different submergence ratios are used, namely: 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. The numerical results are compared with the existing experimental data in the literature showing a reasonable agreement. The results indicate that decrease in size of the bubble diameter increases mass flow rate of liquid at constant submergence ratios. The present study reports the improved performance of this pump with decrease in bubble size and increase in angle of tapered upriser pipe. Moreover, the results show that the tapered upriser pipe with 3° tapering angle gives the highest efficiency at nearly all submergence ratios. Further, the highest efficiency of the pump is shown to be at the largest submergence ratio, namely 0.8.

Experimental Study on the Fluctuation Characteristics of Pressure Drop and Mass Flux of the Two-Phase Flow in Narrow Channel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqi Chen ◽  
Qinghua Wang ◽  
Zhengang Duan ◽  
Liang-ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Liquid Mass

In this paper the study focuses on a visual investigation on the gas-water two-phase flow in a vertical circular narrow channel with 2 mm inner diameter under atmospheric pressure. Experiments were carried out with different working conditions, including different gases as gas-phase working fluids such as nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide and argon, and the gas flow rate, Q, varied between 0 ml/s (single liquid phase flow) to 9.0 ml/s, and the liquid mass flux, G, varied between 581.3 kg/m2s to 3201.8 kg/m2s. The influence of liquid mass flux, gas flow rate as well as Eo number and Mo number (using these two non-dimensional parameters to specify the effect of gas-phase properties) on the fluctuation of pressure drop and mass flux were investigated in this study. It is found that the pressure drop increases along with increasing liquid-phase flow rate with identical other working conditions, and the corresponding flow patterns are slug flow even though the liquid-phase flow rates are different. However, the pressure drop decreases at first and then increases along with gas-phase flow rate, with constant liquid flow rate (liquid mass flux), and the corresponding flow patterns include slug flow, slug-annular flow and annular flow. Based on the experimental result, it is also found that the smaller Eo number and Mo number of the gas-phase working fluid, the smaller the fluctuations of the pressure drop and mass flux would be due to the gas-phase working fluid is different.

Development of an Integrated System for the Automated Design of a Gerotor Oil Pump

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Chang ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
C. H. Jeon ◽  
Chul Kim ◽  
S. Y. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Oil Pump ◽  
Machine Element ◽  
Gerotor Pump ◽  
Main Components

A gerotor pump is suitable for oil hydraulics of machine tools, automotive engines, compressors, construction, and other various applications. In particular, the pump is an essential machine element that feeds lubricant oil in an automotive engine. The main components of the pump are the two rotors. Usually, the outer one is characterized by lobes with a circular shape, while the inner rotor profile is determined as a conjugate to the other. In this study, the design optimization has been carried out to determine the design parameters that maximize the specific flow rate and minimize the flow rate irregularity. The integrated system, which is composed of three main modules, has been developed through AutoLISP, Visual Basic language, and the CAD method, and considers various design parameters. An optimally designed model for a general type of gerotor pump has been generated and experimentally verified for its pump performances. Results obtained using the system enable the designer and manufacturer of the oil pump to be more efficient in this field.

scholarly journals Research on a Piezoelectric Pump with Flexible Valves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2909
Author(s):  
Weiqing Huang ◽  
Liyi Lai ◽  
Zhenlin Chen ◽  
Xiaosheng Chen ◽  
Zhi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Venous Valve ◽  
Output Pressure ◽  
Small Flow ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Opening And Closing

Imitating the structure of the venous valve and its characteristics of passive opening and closing with changes in heart pressure, a piezoelectric pump with flexible valves (PPFV) was designed. Firstly, the structure and the working principle of the PPFV were introduced. Then, the flexible valve, the main functional component of the pump, was analyzed theoretically. Finally, an experimental prototype was manufactured and its performance was tested. The research proves that the PPFV can achieve a smooth transition between valved and valveless by only changing the driving signal of the piezoelectric (PZT) vibrator. The results demonstrate that when the driving voltage is 100 V and the frequency is 25 Hz, the experimental flow rate of the PPFV is about 119.61 mL/min, and the output pressure is about 6.16 kPa. This kind of pump can realize the reciprocal conversion of a large flow rate, high output pressure, and a small flow rate, low output pressure under the electronic control signal. Therefore, it can be utilized for fluid transport and pressure transmission at both the macro-level and the micro-level, which belongs to the macro–micro combined component.

scholarly journals Modelling an unconventional closed-loop deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE): sensitivity analysis on the Newberry volcanic setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Doran ◽  
Theo Renaud ◽  
Gioia Falcone ◽  
Lehua Pan ◽  
Patrick G. Verdin
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Deep Borehole

AbstractAlternative (unconventional) deep geothermal designs are needed to provide a secure and efficient geothermal energy supply. An in-depth sensitivity analysis was investigated considering a deep borehole closed-loop heat exchanger (DBHE) to overcome the current limitations of deep EGS. A T2Well/EOS1 model previously calibrated on an experimental DBHE in Hawaii was adapted to the current NWG 55-29 well at the Newberry volcano site in Central Oregon. A sensitivity analysis was carried out, including parameters such as the working fluid mass flow rate, the casing and cement thermal properties, and the wellbore radii dimensions. The results conclude the highest energy flow rate to be 1.5 MW, after an annulus radii increase and an imposed mass flow rate of 5 kg/s. At 3 kg/s, the DBHE yielded an energy flow rate a factor of 3.5 lower than the NWG 55-29 conventional design. Despite this loss, the sensitivity analysis allows an assessment of the key thermodynamics within the wellbore and provides a valuable insight into how heat is lost/gained throughout the system. This analysis was performed under the assumption of subcritical conditions, and could aid the development of unconventional designs within future EGS work like the Newberry Deep Drilling Project (NDDP). Requirements for further software development are briefly discussed, which would facilitate the modelling of unconventional geothermal wells in supercritical systems to support EGS projects that could extend to deeper depths.

11H-Pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-one - A reversible Turn-on/off Fluorescent Probe for Solution and Gas-phase Detection of Acids or Basic Amines

2021 ◽  
pp. 109536
Author(s):  
João Victor L. Silva Néto ◽  
Rodolfo I. Teixeira ◽  
Ramon B. da Silva ◽  
Nanci C. de Lucas ◽  
Simon J. Garden
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
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