scholarly journals How Lithuanian language textbooks present language to gymnasium pupils

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-225
Author(s):  
Daina Urbonaitė
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Language Textbooks ◽  
Prescriptive Grammar ◽  
Year 2000

The article analyses, how the Lithuanian school education system teaches to understand language and evaluate linguistic phenomena (linguistic diversity, different language forms and varieties) as well as language functions (communicative and function of identity). Basis of the research are the newest Lithuanian language textbooks for the last two gymnasium grades (11-12th grades), published since year 2000. Using qualitative analysis method it is being investigated, what notion of language is presented to the pupils, how much the descriptive approach to language of contemporary linguistics and knowledge about language are present in the textbooks, and to what extent there still exist attitude of the so-called traditional (prescriptive) grammar and ideas of language corrections. Language teaching at school serves double function – on the one hand, school teaches literacy, where language is understood as a tool for creation and analysing of texts. On the other hand, language in itself is a study object, about which pupils at school receive a certain understanding. Therefore, the question arises, what notion of language is being formed in the Lithuanian education system on the gymnasium level through teaching material – Lithuanian (native) language textbooks. Does the teaching material for the last two – 11-12th – grades provide knowledge about language of contemporary science, as it might be expected in the education of the 21st century? Do the pupils get introduced to science-based notion of language, as it is accepted in current linguistics, which is a descriptive science, that seeks to study and describe all the aspects of a language descriptively, based on facts, without prejudices and evaluations. Or is it on the contrary being followed the notion of language, which is characteristic of normativity and prescriptivism and which is rejected by contemporary linguistics as not scientific. The research analyses five Lithuanian language textbooks for 11-12th grades, published after year 2000, which have been selected for the analysis using the database of textbooks and other teaching materials (https://www.emokykla.lt/bendrasis/mokykis/vadoveliu-db/naujausi-vadoveliai). The main question, that is being raised with this research, is whether and to what extent scientific or non-scientific notion of language is being formed in school language textbooks, what attitude is predominant, and which notion of language is prevalent, if different attitudes exist. The method of the research is qualitative discourse analysis of the textbooks, using the qualitative data analysis program NVivo. The results of the textbooks’ analysis show, that non-scientific notion of language is dominant in the Lithuanian education system. The majority of the analysed textbooks represent this notion. The main characteristics of this notion, visible in the textbooks, are prescriptivism, romantic images of language, ideology of linguistic nationalism. However, besides the dominant normative approach to language, the scientific, descriptive approach is also visible in the textbooks, though to a lesser extent than the normative approach. One of the analysed textbooks is different from the rest ones with its exceptionally descriptive approach to language as a study object.

Teks Anekdot dalam Cerita Lisan Yong Dollah Pewarisan Orang Melayu Sebagai Alternatif Pemilihan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia

GERAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mukhlis ◽  
Asnawi Asnawi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Alternative Choice ◽  
Generic Structures ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research is entitled as "Anecdotal Text in the Oral Story of Yong Dollah Inheritance of Malays as Alternative Choice for Indonesian Language Teaching Materials". It is inspired by the collection of Yong Dollah stories as the inheritance of Malays in Bengkalis Regency which contain of humor elements. In addition, the stories have the same characteristics with anecdotal text, so that it can be applied as teaching material for Indonesia Language subject in the school. This research method was content analysis of descriptive approach. This research was conducted during six months. The technique used to collect data were documentation and interview. The data of this study were the entire generic structure and language features of anecdotal texts contained in a collection of Yong Dollah stories which consisted of 11 stories. The result showed that as following. First, there are five texts contain of complete generic structures and six texts contain of incomplete generic structure which is coda part for data 2, 3, 5, 8, and 1. Second, about language features, there are four data contains of all language features of Anecdote text, but on the other side, there are seven incomplete language features in the texts. Third, the consideration of choosing Yong Dollah as alternative material for Indonesia Language subject refers to eight indicators that are conveyed based on teachers’ perception toward Anecdote text Yong Dolla. 55 % of number of teachers claim that these texts suitable to be implemented as teaching material, but 44% of them claim neutral, and 1% claim disagree on it.

scholarly journals Educational administration system in the Islamic state period

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifa Kamel Abdullah Al - Kurdi - Khola Kamel Abdullah Al -
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
Islamic Civilization

  The target of this study is to shed a light on how the educational life was manages in the Islamic state. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach and the inductive one. The study introduction includes the terminology and components of the Islamic Educational system. The theoretical frame of the study focuses on the principals, targets, I mention and characteristics of the Islamic Educational system. The main question of the study problem centers around "How was educational system managed during Islamic State Era?" The results of the study reveal the peculiarity of each period had in managing educational life, during Islamic State era, that helped in establishing unique Islamic civilization. Based on the results of the study, recommendations and suggestions were introduced to benefit from Islamic Educational system and activate its concepts in today's Muslims reality.  

Pedagogical aspects of the child safety. Historical and cultural analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лилия Тимофеева ◽  
Liliya Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Human History ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Made In

The following work is made in the format of historical research, based on descriptive approach. It’s devoted to the pedagogical aspects of ensuring the safety of children in different periods of human history. The accumulated information potential opens up wide opportunities for identifying cause-effect relationships, patterns within the problem of child safety, analyzing the general and specific features in its solution in different periods, the mechanisms for developing corresponding segments of the education system, and forecasting its direction.

scholarly journals PEMAHAMAN HAKIKAT SAINS PADA GURU DAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Yogi Kuncoro Adi ◽  
Ari Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Primary Students ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Descriptive Approach

The nature of science has not been taught as a teaching material at school in Indonesia. This study aims to reveal the understanding of teachers and primary students about the nature of science. This study was a survey research with descriptive approach. Data were collected through closed questionnaires for teachers and students. Teachers and primary students as research subjects were located in Kuningan District. Purposive sampling was used as a sample. The results showed that both teachers and students have an understanding of the nature of science in the range of Intermediate categories. Because of the importance of understanding about the nature of science in science subjects, it is expected that further research to develop materials and learning models based on the nature of science in primary school.

scholarly journals A Thorough Scrutiny of ELT Textbook Evaluations: A Review Inquiry

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Reza Gholami ◽  
Nooreen Noordin ◽  
Shameem Rafik-Galea
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
English Language ◽  
Beating Heart ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Textbook Evaluation ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Textbook Selection ◽  
Language Textbooks ◽  
Shed Light

It is thoroughly agreed that English language textbooks stand amongst the foremost components in any language classrooms worldwide, being referred to as valid, beneficial and labor-saving tools to fulfill an extensive range of needs. An ELT textbook is not merely a set of sheets of paper fastened together to hinge at one side, but is the beating heart of any education system whereupon the whole learning revolves. Notwithstanding their interminable benefits, it is admitted that still the compiled textbooks, especially the ones prescribed in Educational systems have to be evaluated and assessed to confirm whether they fulfil the objectives they are meant for or not, as it is said no perfect textbook exists. Having dealt with evaluation in general, this research meticulously elaborates on textbook evaluation more specifically concluding that there is a dearth of inquiry on textbook selection and evaluation. Afterwards, this research introduces the most common approaches for evaluating ELT textbooks and materials. The paper culminates with concluding remarks and implications, hoping to shed light on how textbook evaluation is practiced worldwide.

scholarly journals Revealing Multimodal Resources in Teaching-Learning Process for Deaf Students

INKLUSI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Fathimah Salma Zahirah ◽  
Didi Sukyadi
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Kindergarten Classroom ◽  
Teaching Learning

Deaf students need special treatment for gaining communication skills. Regarding this problem, there has been a new method called Maternal Reflective Method (also known as MRM) that encourages the deaf students to speak using their articulation organs simultaneously with the Indonesian Sign Language. This study aims to discover how nonverbal communication, including touch, body movement, and paralanguage are implemented in a teaching-learning discourse in the kindergarten classroom for the deaf children. The method used by the teacher in delivering the teaching material is the main focus to see the variation of pedagogic multimodal resources. The modes found are also scrutinized due to their communicative implication nature; in regard to Jakobson’s framework on the language functions: referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalingual, and poetic. The results indicate that most of the time the teacher uses multimodal resources for commanding, prohibiting, and inviting the students in relation to the conative function of language.[Siswa Tuli membutuhkan penanganan khusus dalam mendapatkan kemampuan komunikasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, terdapat satu metode bernama Metode Maternal Reflektif (dikenal sebagai MMR) yang mendorong siswa Tuli untuk berbicara menggunakan organ artikulasi bersamaan dengan bahasa isyarat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah bagaimana komunikasi non-verbal, termasuk sentuhan, pergerakan tubuh, dan aspek paralingua diimplementasikan dalam wacana belajar-mengajar di kelas taman kanak-kanak untuk siswa tuli. Metode yang digunakan oleh guru dalam menyampaikan bahan ajar merupakan kunci dalam pencarian variasi sumber daya multimodal pedagogis. Moda-moda yang ditemukan juga diklasifikasikan berdasarkan ciri komunikatifnya; menggunakan teori Jakobson dalam fungsi bahasa: referensial, emotif, konatif, fatis, metalingual, dan puitis. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa guru seringkali menggunakan sumber daya multimodal untuk memerintah, melarang, dan mengajak siswa sesuai dengan fungsi konatif bahasa.]

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 589-612
Author(s):  
Nicolas Hachez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
International Context ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Eu

This chapter first outlines the important opportunities offered by the European Union’s (EU’s) commitment to human rights in light of an increasingly worrisome internal and international context, characterised by enduring conflicts and a rise in authoritarianism and populism. Building on the foregoing chapters, this chapter then reflects on the challenge faced by the EU to deliver on its commitment to human rights. This chapter examines the challenge of delivery from a triple perspective: implementation, coherence, and effectiveness. The implementation section takes a descriptive approach to the delivery challenge, by exposing the various ways in which the EU fails to concretely apply its commitment in its daily operations. The coherence section takes an analytical approach to the delivery challenge by explaining it in terms of misalignments in the EU’s institutional and policy set-up. Finally, the effectiveness section takes a normative approach to the delivery challenge by suggesting ways in which the EU’s commitment can become more successful in improving respect for human rights within and outside the Union. The chapter then concludes with recommendations.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Colors in Primary School English Textbook through Students’ Perceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Sara Kasmaienezhad-Fard ◽  
Tajularipin Sulaiman ◽  
Nor Hayati Alwi ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Education System ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Two Phases

The Malaysian education system has transformed from the traditional to the modern, albeit keeping to textbooks as the main teaching material. Among the factors determining the quality of textbooks, color is an important one, especially in primary school textbooks. Suitably applied, it will enrich classroom instruction and aid the learning process. This research was designed to run in two phases, and the data collected were analyzed by SPSS software. In the first phase, the colors used in the pictures of Year-4 English textbook were evaluated. Next, the color preferences of 384 students in the fourth grade of national primary schools were collected. Data from the first phase show that out of 901 textbook pictures, 792, 733, and 412 respectively use primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. Data from the second phase show the students highly interested in tertiary colors. The results of this study reveal important points for textbook quality improvement. Knowing what colors students like allows illustrators to consider age levels, not only when illustrating textbooks but also when creating pictures for other materials.

College is a Rich, Han, Urban, Male Club: Research Notes from a Census Survey of Four Tier One Colleges in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 456-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Wang ◽  
Chengfang Liu ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Scott Rozelle
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Education System ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Incoming Freshmen ◽  
Urban Males ◽  
Urban Male

AbstractThe opportunity to attend college and earn a degree has increased dramatically in China. However, that does not mean that everyone has an equal opportunity. Historically, there has been well-documented systematic discrimination against minorities, women and the rural poor. The main question of this paper is whether or not this discrimination has persisted since the recent expansion of China's tertiary education system. Using a census of incoming freshmen from four tier one universities, this paper assesses if certain types of students are over-represented while other types of students are under-represented. Comparing the shares of students from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds from our primary survey data with government generated census statistics, we conclude that poor, minority and rural female students are systematically under-represented. In contrast, rich, Han, urban males are dominant in college.

Selfless Passion: Kierkegaard on True Love

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingolf U. Dalferth
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Middle Term ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
True Love ◽  
Works Of Love ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractIn the Works of Love Kierkegaard answers the question what love is not by distinguishing types of love or by outlining cases or instances of how love occurs in human life (a descriptive approach) but by exploring what must be true for love to be at all (normative approach). Thus, he offers not a descriptive or conceptual but rather a hermeneutical and orienting account of love. Love as an orienting ought is sheer activity, always present, and therefore a mode of life rather than one particular activity among others. Living in this mode means loving others as a selfless self-but this can only be done when we are enabled to see ourselves and our neighbors not only as selves and other selves but as we are seen by God: as God’s neighbors. The upshot of Kierkegaard’s hermeneutical account of love is that love cannot be fully understood as a (reciprocal or onesided) I-you-relationship. Rather, such a relationship is a relationship of love only if and insofar as love-and therefore God-as the middle term enables two selves to fully relate in a you-you-relationship, a relation of true love.

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