scholarly journals Levelised cost of hydrogen production in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
I.Ch. Leshchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
The Cost

The overview of decarbonization technologies of the gas industry, particularly Power-to-Gas technologies using renewable or excess electricity to produce hydrogen via water electrolysis is presented. Also, a comparative analysis of the main types of electrolyzers for hydrogen production – alkaline and with proton exchange membrane (PEM) is presented, and the conclusion that the PEM electrolyzers using renewable electricity is advisable for implementation in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of available most reasonable data sources regarding estimates of "green" hydrogen production cost is presented. The article also presents the mathematical formulations for levelised hydrogen production cost calculation and input data for calculation. The input data were obtained based on cited sources and own estimations taking into account Ukrainian specific conditions, i.e. PEM electrolyzer operating conditions. The results of the own calculation and ones performed by the cited authors are given. The results of the calculations showed that the key initial parameters that affect the cost of hydrogen production in Ukraine, as in other countries, are capital costs, the cost of electricity, and the electrolyzer load factor. The increase of load factor decreasing levelised cost of hydrogen production, which is important to account for the design of hydrogen production facility. In particular, the production cost of hydrogen using PEM electrolyzer could be reduced from 15.73 $ US/kg H2 to 7.34 $ USA/kg H2 if electricity supplied by NPP at night at "night tariff" will be used instead of electricity from the photovoltaic plant. The results of calculations showed that the obtained hydrogen production costs in Ukraine for both cases - the use of electricity from renewables and from the grid are comparable to European estimates of the hydrogen production costs. Keywords: decarbonization, gas industry, electrolyzer, hydrogen production, weighted-average levelised cost

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Nuclear Hydrogen Production Using IAEA-HEEP 4 Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 2048 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
E Dewita ◽  
R Prassanti ◽  
K S Widana ◽  
Y S B Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Heat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Hydrogen is a commercially important element. Basically, there are several methods of hydrogen production that have been commercially used, such as Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE), and thermochemical cycles, like Sulphur-Iodine (SI). Among these methods, SMR is the most widely used for large-scale hydrogen production, with conversion efficiency between 74–85% and it has commercially used in some fertilizer industries in Indonesia. Steam reforming is a method to convert alkane (natural gas) compounds to hydrogen and carbon dioxide (synthetic gas) by adding moisture at high pressure and temperature (35-40 bar; 800-900°C). These hydrogen production technologies can be coupled with different nuclear reactors based on the heat required in the process. The High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) using helium as a coolant, has a high outlet temperature (900°C), so it can potentially be used to supply for process heat for hydrogen production, coal liquefaction/gasification or for other industrial processes requiring high temperature heat. Hydrogen production cost from SMR method is influenced by a range of technical and economic factors. The fuel component of natural gas needed in the SMR method can be replaced by nuclear heat from a nuclear power plant (NPP) operating in cogeneration mode (i.e. simultaneous producing electric power and heat), hence contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the process. In the SMR method, fuel costs are the largest cost component, accounting for between 45% and 75% of production costs. Therefore, there is opportune to assess the economics of hydrogen production by using nuclear heat. The economic evaluation is done by using IAEA HEEP-4 Software. The results comprise cost break up for 2 cases, coupling SMR process for hydrogen production with: (1) 2 HTGRs of 170 MWth/unit; and (2) 1 HTGR of 600 MWth/unit. The cost of hydrogen production is highly depend on the scale of the NPP as energy source and results indicated that hydrogen production cost of the 1 HTGR Unit600 MWth (Case 2) has a lower value (1.72 US$/kgH2), than the cost obtained when 2 HTGR units of 170 MWth each (case 1) are considered (2.72 US$/kgH2). For comparison, the hydrogen production cost by using SMR with carbon capture and storage (CCS) with natural gas as fuel is 2.27 US$/kgH2.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Metode Simpleks Pada Optimalisasi Biaya Bahan Baku (Studi Kasus: Ukm Najmah Klappertart)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
D Damayanti ◽  
A I Jaya ◽  
Resnawati
Keyword(s):  
Simplex Method ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Optimal Cost ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to obtain an the optimal production costs of Klappertart based on the basic ingredients comparing the production cost of Klappertart in Najmah Klappertart with production costs using the simplex method. The result showed that the optimal costs is ,-. This result is equal to the total cost of klappertart by SMEs Najmah Klappertart, so it can be concluded that the cost of production klappertart based on the basic ingredients on SMEs Najmah Klappertart were optimal. Keywords      : Optimal Cost, Basic Ingredients, Production Costs. (A-Z), Simplex Method  

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION COST IN UD. USAHA BARU WITH FULL COSTING METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Suprianto Suprianto ◽  
Bina Andari ◽  
Yely Sulistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to evaluate the calculation of cost of production. The accuracy of the calculation of cost of production is influenced by the suitability in the accumulation and calculation of production costs which includes the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs and other costs (factory overhead costs). This research was conducted at UKM UD. Usaha Baru which aims to determine the calculation of cost of production at UD. Usaha Baru and to find out whether the calculation of cost of production is in accordance with the full costing method. The technique (method) of data analysis used in this study is quantitative analysis. Data collection techniques use interview techniques directly to obtain information from the number of units of monthly production, raw material costs, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs, as well as other information relating to the calculation of cost of production. Based on the evaluation results for the calculation of raw material costs and labor costs are in accordance with the full costing method. However, the calculation of factory overhead costs is not in accordance with the full costing method because there are costs that have not been included in the calculation of production costs.

scholarly journals The effect of changes in opportunity costs and prices of some agricultural products such as sugar beet, corn,wheat etc. used for bioethanol production on the cost of bioethanol production is not adequately known in Turkey.. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the bioethanol production cost items and unit production costs and also to put forth the effects of variations in raw material prices on cost of bioethanol.. The research data were collected via personal interviews from active bioethanol plants in Turkey. The results of previous studies and documents of related institutions and organizations were also used. The study followed classical cost analysis approach to calculate production cost. Scenario analysis was performed when exploring the effect of raw material prices on bioethanol production cost. Research findings showed that production cost per litre bioethanol produced from sugar beet molasses, corn, wheat and corn-wheat mixture were 2.50 TL, 2.84 TL, 2.95 and 2.84 TL, respectively. The share of raw material expenses in bioethanol cost per liter varied associated with the crops used in the process, it was 28.55% for bioethanol produced from sugar beet molasses, 44.81% for bioethanol produced from corn-wheat mixture and 44.87% bioethanol produced from corn. The research results also showed that the changes that occur in raw material prices significantly affected the bioethanol production cost and opportunity cost of crops created difficulties in biomass supply. Implementing the suitable policies and strategies and making the necessary arrangements in legislation would enhance the economic sustainability of bioethanol production in Turkey.

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Selime Canan ◽  
Vedat Ceyhan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Beet Molasses ◽  
Sugar Beet Molasses ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Cost

Life Prediction of Cutting Tool by the Workpiece Cutting Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemia Gomes de Mattos de Mesquita ◽  
José Eduardo Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Arimatea Quaresma Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
The Cost

Stops to exchange cutting tool, to set up again the tool in a turning operation with CNC or to measure the workpiece dimensions have direct influence on production. The premature removal of the cutting tool results in high cost of machining, since the parcel relating to the cost of the cutting tool increases. On the other hand the late exchange of cutting tool also increases the cost of production because getting parts out of the preset tolerances may require rework for its use, when it does not cause bigger problems such as breaking of cutting tools or the loss of the part. Therefore, the right time to exchange the tool should be well defined when wanted to minimize production costs. When the flank wear is the limiting tool life, the time predetermination that a cutting tool must be used for the machining occurs within the limits of tolerance can be done without difficulty. This paper aims to show how the life of the cutting tool can be calculated taking into account the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and depth of cut), workpiece material, power of the machine, the dimensional tolerance of the part, the finishing surface, the geometry of the cutting tool and operating conditions of the machine tool, once known the parameters of Taylor algebraic structure. These parameters were raised for the ABNT 1038 steel machined with cutting tools of hard metal.

scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Dan Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Pada PT. Mutifa Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
John Fisher Gulo ◽  
Kamil Mustafa ◽  
Ninny Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

<p>The cost of production is needed to determine the cost of production of a product. Costs incurred to produce the product must be clear, so that the determination of the cost of production would be appropriate. Imprecision in calculating the cost of production will be misleading in making management decisions. Data collection methods used in this study include: Documentation, Interview, Observation. This study analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis comparing the theory with actual results of the company. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production using the full costing method. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production, all costs incurred are treated as production costs, both the cost of major raw materials, cost of auxiliary materials, packaging materials costs and production overhead. Classification of production costs in accordance with the theory that exists is composed of material costs, labor costs and production overhead costs. Total production cost per month of each element calculation the average monthly cost is Rp. 73.111.118,260,- and the average number of finished products Paracetamol tablet 500 mg tablet is as much 566,666.67 per month. Based on data on average production costs in 2009, then the production cost per tablet is .Rp. 129,019.</p>

scholarly journals Strategi Penetapan Harga Jual Produk Melalui Perhitungan Cost of Goods Manufacture Menggunakan Process Costing Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Popon Rabia Adawia ◽  
Aprilia Puspasari
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Process Cost ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to help SMEs for shoe products in calculating the Cost of Goods Manufacture (COGM) appropriately using the process costing method as a strategy to determine the selling price of competitive shoes so that it is hoped that the business can continue. The research was conducted at one of the MSME Shoe Products, namely the Amira Collection, which is located in East Karawang. The comparative descriptive method is used to describe the production costs that occur in the production process including costs to buy raw materials, auxiliary materials, labor costs and factory overhead costs. The COGM calculation results show the variance (difference) between the company's COGM calculation system and the COGM calculation system using the process costing method where the company's COGM calculation results are lower. Keywords: Process Cost; Cost Of Goods Sold; Production Cost; Selling Price.

EVALUASI PENERAPAN METODE JOB ORDER COSTING DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI (Studi Kasus pada PT. Organ Jaya)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Jeffry .
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Overhead Cost ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Production Calculation ◽  
The Cost

PT . Jaya organ producing products based on orders received from customers , and therefore in determining the cost of production of PT . Jaya organs using job order costing. Production cost consists of raw material costs , direct labor costs and factory overhead costs. For the calculation of the cost of raw materials PT . Organ jaya calculate based on the existing formula , but for the cost of direct labor and factory overhead costs PT . Jaya organs not calculate accurately match the job order costing method . Both the cost is calculated based on the rates , so the cost of direct labor and factory overhead costs are absorbed by the product orders can not be calculated specifically. With job order costing method , PT . Organ Jaya will easily find the cost of production for each order , because in the calculation of the cost of production is not affected by the initial inventory of final goods as well as ordered , then the cost of production is the basis for determining the cost of production . Calculation of cost of production is carried out by PT . Jaya organ still manually so that the resulting lack of accurate information , in this case PT . Jaya organs not use time sheet and job cost ticket as a medium in the calculation of production costs in order to determine the cost of production . Keyword : Job order costing-overhead cost

Feasibility Study of Refuelling Infrastructure for Compressed Hydrogen Gas Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Trucks in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahiba Yaïci ◽  
Michela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Truck ◽  
The Cost

Abstract In view of serious environmental problems occurring around the world and in particular climate change caused significantly by dangerous CO2 emissions into the biosphere in the developmental process, it has become imperative to identify alternative and cleaner sources of energy. It is now indisputable that there cannot be sustained development or meaningful growth without a commitment to preserve the environment. Compressed hydrogen is being considered as a potential fuel for heavy-duty applications because it will possibly substantially reduce toxic greenhouse gas emissions. The cost of hydrogen will be a main element in the acceptance of compressed hydrogen internal combustion vehicles in the marketplace since of its effect on the levelized cost of driving. The cost of hydrogen at the pump is determined by its production cost, which is mainly a function of the feedstock and process utilised, the distribution cost and the refuelling station cost. This paper investigates the feasibility of implementing a nationwide network of hydrogen refuelling infrastructure in order to accommodate a conversion of Canada’s long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet from diesel fuel to hydrogen. This initiative is taken in order to reduce vehicle emissions and support Canada’s commitments to the climate plans supporting active transportation infrastructure, together with new transit infrastructure, and zero emission vehicles. Two methods, Constant Traffic and Variable Traffic, along with data about hydrogen infrastructure and vehicles, were developed to estimate fuelling requirements for Canada’s long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet. Furthermore, a thorough economic study was conducted on various test cases to evaluate how diverse variables affects the final selling price of hydrogen. This provided insight with the understanding of what factors go into pricing hydrogen and if it can compete against diesel in the trucking market. Results revealed that the cost to purchase hydrogen is the greatest factor in the pump price of hydrogen. Due to the variability in hydrogen production, however, there is no precise cost, which makes predictions difficult. Moreover, it was found that the pump price of hydrogen is, on average, 239% more expensive than diesel fuel. Future work should concentrate on the costs and logistics of high-capacity hydrogen refuelling stations, which is required to deliver fuel to a fleet of long-haul, heavy-duty trucks. A breakdown of hydrogen production costs, with regard to the Canadian landscape and the requirements of a long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet, may possibly give further accurate predictions of those made in this study.

Multi Objective Optimization of Direct Coupling Photovoltaic-Electrolyzer Systems Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Maroufmashat ◽  
Farid Sayedin ◽  
Sourena Sattari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Imperialist Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer

Photovoltaic-electrolyzer systems are one of the most promising alternatives for obtaining hydrogen from a renewable energy source. Determining size and the operational conditions are always a key issue while coupling directly renewable electricity sources to PEM electrolyzer. In this research, the multi objective optimization approach based on an imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), which is employed to optimize the size and the operating conditions of a directly coupled photovoltaic (PV)-PEM electrolyzer. This allows the optimization of the system by considering two different objectives, including, minimization of energy transfer loss and maximization of hydrogen generation. Multi objective optimization of PV/EL system predicts a maximum hydrogen production of 7930 gr/yr for energy transfer loss of 16.48 kWh/yr and minimum energy transfer loss of 5.21 kWh/yr at a hydrogen production rate of 7760 gr/yr for a the given location and the PV module.

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