scholarly journals Electrical сharacteristics study of heterojunction solar сells CdS/CIGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
H. Amar ◽  
◽  
M. Amir ◽  
H. Ghodbane ◽  
B. Babes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Cigs Solar Cell ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Tcad Simulations

In this work, we carried out the study of electrical characteristics with two-dimensional numerical analysis by using the Aided Design (TCAD Silvaco) software for CdS/CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) thin solar cells. Their structure is composed of a thin CIGS solar cell in the configuration: ZnO(200 nm)/CdS(50 nm)/CIGS (350 nm)/Mo. Then ZnO is used for conductive oxide contacted transparent front of the cell. For rear contact, the molybdenum (Mo) is used. The layer of the CdS window and the shape of the CIGS absorber is the n-p semiconductor heterojunction. The performance of the cell was evaluated by applying the defects created in the grain joints of polycrystalline CdS and CIGS material and CIGS/CdS interface in the model, and the physical parameters used in the TCAD simulations have been calibrated to reproduce experimental data. The J–V characteristics are simulated under AM1.5 illumination conditions. The conversion efficiency (η) 20.10% has been reached, and the other characteristic parameters have been simulated: the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.68 V, the circuit-current density (Jsc) is equal to 36.91 mA/cm2, and the form factor (FF) is 0.80. The simulation results showed that the molar fraction x of the CIGS layer has an optimal value around 0.31 corresponding to a gap energy of 1.16 eV, this result is in very good agreement with that found experimentally.

scholarly journals Electrical Characteristics Assessment on Heterojunction Tunnel FET (HTFET) by Optimizing Various High-κ Materials: HfO2/ZrO2

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Back Gate ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Tunnel Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Low Power Logic ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Tcad Simulations

In this paper, DC performance of double gate tunnel field effect transistor with heterojunction has been assessed by various III-V compound semiconductor materials using 2-D Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. Different hetero high-κ dielectric materials like HfO2 , ZrO2 have been incorporated to achieve better electrical characteristics, viz. high ON-state current drivability, improved switching ratio and high tunneling probability. In this work, lower band gap materials have been used as hetero gate dielectric to enhance mobility using band to band tunneling (BTBT), transconductance and steeper subthreshold-slope. The heterojunction TFET (HTFET) then incorporated with various hetero dielectrics (high-κ and low-κ combination), where the ZrO2 – SiO2 combination of dielectric having thickness of 2 nm both in front and back gate, attains maximum value of ION as 1.522 × 10-5 A/µm. The subthreshold swing (ss) has also been recorded best as 23.93 mV/dec in comparison with conventional homo dielectric i.e. SiO2 -SiO2 oxide throughout the 50 nm channel of HTFET as 34.22 mV/dec, can serve as better alternative tunnel FETs in low power logic applications.

The study of acoustic scattering from a single sound-permeable sphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Sh. Nasibullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Acoustic Scattering ◽  
Computer Time ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Scattering Field ◽  
Permeable Sphere ◽  
Test Verification ◽  
Good Agreement

The paper presents a generalized mathematical model and numerical investigation of the problem of acoustic scattering from a single sound-permeable sphere during the passage of two types of waves - spherical from a monopole radiation source and a plane one. In solving the Helmholtz equation, a numerical technique based on the fast method of multipoles is used, which allows achieving high accuracy of the results obtained at the lowest cost of computer time. The calculations are compared with known experimental data and a good agreement is obtained. The formulas for calculating the main characteristic of the scattering field (the total scattering cross section) for a sound-permeable sphere are generalized. The effect on this characteristic of the physical parameters of media outside and inside the sphere, such as the density and speed of sound, is shown. A numerical parametric analysis of the pressure distribution around a single sound-permeable sphere for different values of the wave radius, density, and speed of sound of the outer and inner medium of the sphere is carried out. The obtained results will later be used for test verification calculations for the numerical solution of the generalized problem of acoustic scattering of a set of sound-permeable spheres (coaxial or arbitrarily located in space).

scholarly journals Calculating the optimal hematocrit under the constraint of constant cardiac power

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Sitina ◽  
Heiko Stark ◽  
Stefan Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractIn humans and higher animals, a trade-off between sufficiently high erythrocyte concentrations to bind oxygen and sufficiently low blood viscosity to allow rapid blood flow has been achieved during evolution. Optimal hematocrit theory has been successful in predicting hematocrit (HCT) values of about 0.3–0.5, in very good agreement with the normal values observed for humans and many animal species. However, according to those calculations, the optimal value should be independent of the mechanical load of the body. This is in contradiction to the exertional increase in HCT observed in some animals called natural blood dopers and to the illegal practice of blood boosting in high-performance sports. Here, we present a novel calculation to predict the optimal HCT value under the constraint of constant cardiac power and compare it to the optimal value obtained for constant driving pressure. We show that the optimal HCT under constant power ranges from 0.5 to 0.7, in agreement with observed values in natural blood dopers at exertion. We use this result to explain the tendency to better exertional performance at an increased HCT.

scholarly journals Thermal ignition of a combustible over an inclined hot plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaika Parvin ◽  
Nepal Chandra Roy ◽  
Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Convection Flow ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Thermal Ignition ◽  
Mixed Convection Flow ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Ignition Characteristics ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractIn this study, the ignition characteristics and the flow properties of the mixed convection flow are presented. Detailed formulations of the forced, natural and mixed convection problems have been discussed. In order to avoid inconvenient switch between the forced and natural convection we introduce a continuous transformation in the mixed convection. We make a comparison between these situations which reveal a good agreement. For mixed convection flow, the ignition distance is explicitly expressed as a function of the Prandtl number, reaction parameter and wall temperature. It has been observed that owing to the increase of the aforesaid parameters, the thermal ignition distance is reduced. Numerical results are illustrated for velocity, temperature, and concentration for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the development of combustion is presented by using streamlines, isotherms and isolines of fuel and oxidizer.

TCAD Study of the Raised SiGe Source/Drain in 40nm PMOS

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhong ◽  
Yu Hang Zhao ◽  
Shou Mian Chen ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Shao Hai Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sige Layer ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Good Agreement

An embedded SiGe layer was applied in the source/drain areas (S/D) of a field-effect transistor to boost the performance in the p channels. Raised SiGe S/D plays a critical role in strain engineering. In this study, the relationship between the SiGe overfilling and the enhancement of channel stress was investigated. Systematic technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations of the SiGe overfill height in a 40 nm PMOS were performed. The simulation results indicate that a moderate SiGe overfilling induces the highest stress in the channel. Corresponding epitaxial growth experiments were done and the obtained experimental data was in good agreement with the simulation results. The effect of the SiGe overfilling is briefly discussed. The results and conclusions presented within this paper might serve as useful references for the optimization of the embedded SiGe stressor for 40 nm logic technology node and beyond.

EQUATION OF STATE FOR HOT GLUON PLASMA WITH EFFECTIVE TWO LOOPS

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (27) ◽  
pp. 1751-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN WANG ◽  
JIARONG LI ◽  
JUEPING LIU
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Finite Width ◽  
Debye Screening ◽  
Debye Mass ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Hard Thermal Loops

We present analytical results for the equation of state for hot gluon plasma obtained with an effective perturbation based on hard thermal loops resummation theory. The effective two-loop results depend on Debye screening and finite width of gluons as physical parameters. Considering next-to-leading Debye mass and finite width effects, we find the equation of state to be in good agreement with recent lattice results for T≳2T c .

Analytical and Experimental Simulation of Loose Pedestal Dynamic Effects on a Rotating Machine Vibrational Response

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Goldman ◽  
Agnes Muszynska
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Vibrational Response ◽  
Rotating Machine ◽  
Qualitative Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Periodic Changes

Abstract This report presents experimental, analytical, and numerical results describing vibrational phenomena in a rotating machine with one loose pedestal. The loose-pedestal machine rotor vibrations represent unbalance-related excited vibrations of synchronous and fractional subsynchronous regimes. In this study the loose-pedestal machine is first simulated by a simple vibrating beam excited by a shaker mounted on it. The shaker simulates an unbalanced machine rotor. The beam occasionally enters in contact with the foundation. The excited vibrations are modified by impacting occurrences, and by periodic changes in system stiffness. A new model of the impact has been developed. The results of analytical and experimental studies stand in a good agreement. They illustrate the existence of the synchronous regime and several subsynchronous fractional regimes in various excitation frequency ranges. The analysis adequately predicts the occurrence of these regimes and determines the physical parameters affecting them. The analytical and experimental results are then compared with the responses of experimental rotor rig with one bearing pedestal looseness. They show the same qualitative pattern.

scholarly journals Plane Wave Coupling to a Transmission Line Above Ground with Terminating Loads

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
L. K. Warne ◽  
S. Campione ◽  
R. S. Coats
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Simple Circuit ◽  
Transmission Line Model ◽  
Wave Coupling ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper considers plane wave coupling to a transmission line consisting of an aerial wire above a conducting ground. Simple circuit models are constructed for the terminating impedances at the ends of the line including radiation effects. We consider the following load topologies: open circuit, short circuit, and grounded rods. Results from the transmission line model with these loads show good agreement with full-wave simulations.  

scholarly journals Contact angle of water on iron ore fines: Measurement and analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.B. Huang ◽  
X X.W. ◽  
J.J. Song ◽  
C.G. Bai ◽  
R.D. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
New Model ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Iron Ore Fines ◽  
Good Agreement

The relative contact angle (?RCA) for seven iron ore fines was measured by using Washburn Osmotic Pressure method under laboratory conditions. By choosing cyclohexane as the reference that can perfectly wet iron ore particles, the relative contact angles were measured and varied from 57? to 73?. With the volume % of goethite (?G) as the variable, a new model for relative contact angle was developed. The expected relative contact angle for pure goethite is about 56?, while that for goethite free samples is about 77?. Physical properties, such as surface morphology (SMI) and pore volume (Vpore) can influence the relative contact angle. The ?G can be expressed as a function of SMI and VPore. Thus, we inferred that the relative contact angle is a function of ?G for the iron ores used. The measured relative contact angles were found to be in good agreement (Radj 2 >0.97) with the calculated ones based on the research from Iveson, et al. (2004). Comparing with the model developed by Iveson et al.(2004), the new model for contact angle proposed in this paper is similar, but more detailed with two meaningful physical parameters. The modification of physicochemical properties on iron ores would be another topic in the further study on granulation.

Determination of the limits of stable combustion at high supersonic flow velocities in a channel

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Starov
Keyword(s):  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Supersonic Speed ◽  
Combustion Limits ◽  
Criterial Description ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, analysis of existing methods application of criterial description of ignition conditions and combustion break-out for summarizing of experimental results is carried out. Experimental results are obtained at investigations of hydrogen combustion in combustor with high supersonic speed of airflow. For these conditions selection of several criterions was substantiated and they have a good agreement with new experimental results. At the same time complexity of determination of experimental physical parameters, which are included in criterions, do not allow confidently to apply them for prediction of steady-state combustion limits. Therefore further accumulation of experimental data and development of measurement methods are necessary for accurate criterions obtaining.

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