scholarly journals Safety assessment of essential oils from Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) fruit from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 3865-3876
Author(s):  
Raphael Chukwuma Ekeanyanwu ◽  
Nnaemeka Emmanuel Mgbedo ◽  
Alvan Tochukwu Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
High Dose Level ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

Introduction: The essential oils of Xylopia aethiopica fruits have been reported to possess numerous biochemical effects. However, no toxicological data is available regarding the safety evaluation of the essential oils from the plant spice. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of essential oils from X. aethiopica (XAEO) fruit by acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies in experimental rodents. Methods: In assessing the safety of XAEO, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity tests were performed following OECD guidelines 425 and 407, respectively, with slight modifications. At the end of each test, hematological and biochemical analysis of the collected blood was performed. Histopathological examination of vital organs of the animals was conducted for gross findings and for comparison to controls. Results: In acute oral toxicity, signs of toxicity were observed in the initial period of the experiment which culminated in the death of the mice before the end of the experiment. The sub-acute test observations indicated that generally, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) up to the high dose level compared to the controls. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the tolerability of XAEO administered daily for 28 days up to 450 mg/kg dose.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of Pũrṇa Cantirotaya Centũram, a Siddha Medicine in Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chitra ◽  
R. S. Ramaswamy ◽  
V. Suba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
High Dose Level ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Acute Study

Pũrṇa Cantirotaya Centũram (PCC), a herbometallic formulation of Siddha medicine, consists of mercury, sulphur, and gold, processed with red cotton flower and plantain stem pith juices. To evaluate its safety, acute and 28-day repeated oral toxicity studies were performed following OECD test guidelines 423 and 407, respectively. In acute study, PCC was administered orally at 5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Animals were observed for toxic signs for 14 days. Gross pathology was performed at the end of the study. In repeated dose toxicity study, PCC was administered at 2.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. Satellite groups (control and high dose) were also maintained to determine the delayed onset toxicity of PCC. In acute toxicity study, no treatment related death or toxic signs were observed. It revealed that the LD50 cut-off value of PCC is between 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight. The repeated dose study did not show evidence of any treatment related changes in all observations up to the high dose level, when compared with the control. Histopathological examination revealed no abnormalities except mild hyperplasia of stomach in high dose group. This study provides scientific validation for the safety of PCC.

Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Assessment of a Standardized Polyherbal Preparation POL-6 in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Lalit Sharma ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Girdhari L. Gupta ◽  
Gopal Singh Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Hematobiochemical Parameters

Background: A standardized polyherbal preparation (POL-6) containing six plant extracts Hypericum perforatum, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum and Camellia sinesis have good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. The present study was carried out to evaluate the safety profile of POL-6 through acute and subacute oral toxicity models in Wistar rats. Methods: In acute safety evaluation, a single dose of 2000mg/kg of POL-6 was given orally to five rats and was observed for 14 days. In subacute safety evaluation POL-6 at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg was given orally to the rats once a day for 28 days. The animals were observed for the signs of toxicity and mortality during the study period. Results: In acute toxicity evaluation, POL-6 treatment did not show any toxic signs and mortality in animals during the observation period. In subacute toxicity studies, no changes were seen in any of the dose levels of POL-6 treatment during the total body weights, organ weights and hematobiochemical parameters examination of the rats. No lesions were seen during the gross/histopathological examination. Conclusion: The study revealed that administration of POL-6 for 28 days showed no significant treatment generated toxic effects in the animals, hence it can be considered as non-toxic if it is ingested in a time not greater than a month.

scholarly journals Acute skin irritation, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils in mice and rabbit

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (26) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengiste Berhan ◽  
Dires Kassahun ◽  
Lulekal Ermias ◽  
Arayaselassie Mahlet ◽  
Zenebe Tizazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies

scholarly journals Toxicological Investigations of Aristolochia longa Root Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nasreddine El Omari ◽  
Omar El Blidi ◽  
Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽  
Karima Sayah ◽  
Saad Bakrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is an herbaceous plant recognized in alternative medicine for its many therapeutic virtues. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacotoxicological effects of this plant in order to ensure safe clinical use. The oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of A. longa roots was performed in vivo on Wistar rats at doses of 0.8, 1.25, 2, 2.5, and 5 g/kg/day for 21 days. Clinical signs were observed throughout the experimental period, followed by measurement of body weight change, while selected biochemical parameters, as well as relative organ weights and the histology of liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues, were evaluated after 6, 11, and 16 days and then at the end of 21 days of daily administration. At repeated doses for 21 days, the extract contributed to significant weight gain, in both control and treated rats. The global analysis of hepatic and renal biomarkers showed a significant increase between control and different doses of the extract, from the first to the third week of treatment, indicating the likely toxic effect of the extract on liver and kidney function. Organ toxicity was confirmed by histopathological examination, which revealed greater renal and hepatic parenchymal changes in animals treated with a high dose beyond the 16th day. At the end of the treatment, relatively small size of intestinal villi was also observed. It was concluded that ALAE has a low toxicity potential in nonprolonged oral administrations. However, at high chronic oral doses, A. longa appears to have significant toxicity on the organs tested.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Lu ◽  
Wen Zhao ◽  
Wei-Hsien Liu ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Hanghang Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Consumer Concerns ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Dose Dependent

Probiotics have been reported to play a major role in maintaining the balance of microbiota in host. Consumption of food with probiotics has increased with consumer concerns regarding healthy diets and wellness. Correspondingly, safety evaluation of probiotics for human consumption has become increasingly important in food industry. Herein, we aimed to test the safety of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and ET-22 strains in vitro and in vivo. In results, these strains were found to be negative for mucin degradation and platelet aggregation test. Additionally, the three strains were susceptible to eight antibiotics. In accordance with bacterial reversion mutation (Ames) assay, the tested strains had no genetic mutagenicity. Finally, it was confirmed that there were no dose-dependent mortality and toxicity throughout multidose oral toxicity tests in rats. Our findings demonstrated that B. lactis BL-99 and L. paracasei K56 and ET-22 can achieve the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status as probiotics in the future.

scholarly journals Acute oral toxicity study of wound healing drink from Ocimum tenuiflorum on adult female Sprague-Dawley rats

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-393
Author(s):  
Rohini J. ◽  
Rabeta M.S. ◽  
Wan Ezumi M.F.
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum

In this study, the extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum was formulated to promote wound healing and no acute toxicity study has been reported on this type of formulation. Acute oral toxicity results of the rats after administration of 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) formulation showed no toxic effects and behavioural changes of the rats after 14 days of observation. On day 14, the rats were anaesthetized to collect the vital organs for histopathological examination. The microscopy study of the visceral organs of wound healing powder group shows no sign of toxicity in comparison to untreated rats organs. In conclusion, the result of the acute oral toxicity test of wound healing drink showed no sign of toxicity, as corroborated by a histopathological study.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity and Acute Oral Toxicity Test for Herbal Poultry Feed Supplements

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boddapati Srinivasa Rao ◽  
C. V. Chandrasekaran ◽  
H. S. Srikanth ◽  
Murugan Sasikumar ◽  
R. Edwin Jothie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Feed Supplements

Herbal products are being used and trusted globally for thousands of years for their health benefits and limited side effects. Globally, a general belief amongst the consumers is that herbal supplements are always safe because they are “natural.” But later, research reveals that they may not be safe. This raises concern on their safety and implications for their use as feed supplement or medicine. Toxicity testing can reveal some of the risks that may be associated with use of herbs, therefore avoiding potential harmful effects. The present study was designed to investigate five poultry feed supplements (PFS), EGMAX® (to revitalize ovarian activity), FEED-X™ (feed efficiency enhancer), KOLIN PLUS™ (natural replacer of synthetic choline chloride), PHYTOCEE® (natural defence enhancer), and STODI® (to prevent and control loose droppings), for their possible mutagenicity and toxicity. Bacterial reverse mutation (BRMT) and acute oral toxicity tests were employed to assess the PFS for their possible mutagenicity and toxicity. Results indicated that the PFS were devoid of mutagenic effects in BRMT and showed higher safety profile in rodent acute oral toxicity test.

scholarly journals Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-192 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations

Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE are the esterification products of glycerine and stearic acid, and are used in cosmetic formulations as emollients, emulsifiers, and stabilizers. In acute oral toxicity studies in rats, both ingredients were slightly toxic. Glyceryl Stearate in the diet of rats for three consecutive generations had no adverse effects. Five percent Glyceryl Stearate did not promote the carcinogenicity of DMBA in mouse skin. In subchronic and chronic dermal toxicity tests, Glyceryl Stearate was nontoxic to rabbits but did cause moderate irritation. Primary eye irritation studies, at concentrations up to 100%, were mildly irritating or nonirritating to rabbits. Single and Repeated Insult Patch Tests showed both ingredients to be nonsensitizing and nonirritating. Products containing 2% Glyceryl Stearate were nonphototoxic and nonphotoallergenic. On the basis of the available data, it is concluded that Glyceryl Stearate and Glyceryl Stearate/SE are safe for topical application to humans in the present practices of use and concentration.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS ORAL AKUT SINGLE DOSE FILTRAT BUAH LUWINGAN (Ficus hispida L.f.) PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) GALUR WISTAR

Mangifera Edu ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Laksmindra Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Ficus Hispida ◽  
Oecd Guideline

Genus Ficus is important plant for health benefits. Hairy fig (F. hispida) trees grow abundantly in tropical regions and fruiting throughout the year. In West Asian countries, the fruit is commonly used as food and medicinal materials. However, in Indonesia, the fruit has not been utilized. First step in exploring the potential of natural resources for consumption is toxicity test to provide information about safety and adverse effects. This research was aimed to study acute oral toxicity of young and ripe hairy fig fruits using Wistar rats as model. Procedure followed OECD Guideline Test No.420 with modification. Pure filtrate (100 %) of young or ripe fruits were administered orally at volume 1 mL/individual on day-0 in fasting animals. Control received distilled water in the same way. Parameters observed including mortality, sublethal effects, behavior/activities, body weight, complete blood count, as well as evaluation of liver, heart, and renal functions. Results showed that values for all variables fluctuated during the experiment but eventually back into normal range. However, the number of lymphocytes elevated until the end of experiment (day-14) thus increased the total leukocytes count. Accordingly, we are preparing to conduct further toxicity tests to investigate this finding. Key words : acute oral toxicity, Ficus hispida, fruit filtrate, hairy fig, single dose toxicity

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