Potential Impact of Linking an Emergency Department and Hospital-Affiliated Clinics to Immunize Pre-School-Age Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Bell ◽  
Nereida I. Lopez ◽  
Jennifer Pinto-Martin ◽  
Rosemary Casey ◽  
Frances M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
Clinic Visits

Objective. To determine whether the use of an urban pediatric emergency department (ED) to immunize pre—school-age children would result in an improvement in the percentage fully vaccinated by the end of the second year of life. Design. A retrospective cohort study of two groups: (1) 100 consecutive children (ED group) enrolled at one of two hospital-affiliated primary care clinics were chosen from the ED patient logs if their second birthday occurred in the 12 months prior to November 1990; and (2) 91 age-matched control children (control group) were chosen at random from the same hospital-affiliated clinics' enrollment logs without regard to ED use. The health care provided during the first 2 years of life for each group was compared. Results. The mean number of visits to the ED in the first 2 years of life by the ED group was significantly greater than that of the control group (2.9 [SD] ± 2.5 vs 1.1 ± 1.4; P < .001) during the first 2 years of life. In 67% of ED visits, children would have been well enough to receive a vaccination. Both groups had similar types and numbers of visits to the primary clinics. For example, the ED group had 10 ± 5 visits by age 2 years compared with the control group, which had 9 ± 4 visits. There was no significant difference in actual immunization percentages achieved in the clinic, with 62% of the ED group having received four diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccinations; three oral poliovirus vaccinations; and one measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination by age 2 compared with 69% of control children. There were more missed vaccination opportunities during clinic visits in the ED group (7.4 vs 4.6 per 100 clinic visits; P < .01). If immunizations were offered in the ED to those children who needed them, immunization percentages would have been increased an average of 20% compared with percentages achieved in the clinic alone. Conclusion. Routine vaccinations in the ED would significantly increase immunization percentages in children enrolled in two hospital-affiliated clinics. Close linkage and coordination between the ED and hospital-affiliated clinics may improve preventive health care in urban children who use EDs.

scholarly journals Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Gisele Tobias da Silva ◽  
Maiara Aurichio Santos ◽  
Claudia Maria de Freitas Floriano ◽  
Elaine Buchhorn Cintra Damião ◽  
Fernanda Vieira de Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Therapeutic Play ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of Dramatic Therapeutic Play (DTP) technique on the degree of anxiety in hospitalized school-age children. Method: Randomized clinical trial performed in two hospitals ofSão Paulo, between May and October 2015. The intervention consisted of the application of DTP and the outcome was evaluated through the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) instrument. The Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Corrected t, Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used in the analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: In all, 28 children participated in the study. The majority of children (75%) had a low anxiety score, with a mean CD: H score of 73.9 and 69.4 in the intervention and control groups respectively, and with no significant difference. Conclusion: Children submitted to DTP had the same degree of anxiety as those in the control group. However, it is suggested that new studies be performed with a larger number of children in different hospitalization scenarios.

Primary school-based nutrition education intervention on nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices among school-age children in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Janet Antwi ◽  
Agartha Ohemeng ◽  
Laurene Boateng ◽  
Esi Quaidoo ◽  
Boateng Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
School Age ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a six-week nutrition education intervention on the nutrition knowledge, attitude, practices, and nutrition status of school-age children (aged 6–12 years) in basic schools in Ghana. Short-term effects of nutrition education training sessions on teachers and caregivers were also assessed. Pre-post controlled design was used to evaluate the program. Intervention groups had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores (8.8 ± 2.0 vs. 5.9 ± 2.1, P < 0.0001) compared to controls in the lower primary level. A higher proportion of children in the intervention group strongly agreed they enjoyed learning about food and nutrition issues compared to the control group (88% vs. 77%, P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in dietary diversity scores (4.8 ± 2.0 vs. 5.1 ± 1.4, P = 0.184) or in measured anthropometric indices (3.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.08). A marginally lower proportion of stunted schoolchildren was observed among the intervention group compared to the control group (3.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.080). Nutrition knowledge of teachers and caregivers significantly improved (12.5 ± 1.87 vs. 9.2 ± 2.1; P = 0.031) and (5.86 ± 0.73 to 6.24 ± 1.02, P = 0.009), respectively. Nutrition education intervention could have positive impacts on knowledge and attitudes of school children, and may be crucial in the development of healthy behaviors for improved nutrition status.

scholarly journals The effect of storytelling on fear in school-age children during hospitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Mutiara Dewi ◽  
Nani Nurhaeni ◽  
Happy Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Age ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Hospitalization places children in conditions that may nurture fears of new surroundings, strangers, and unknown actions. Storytelling can be administered as a distraction from the fears that a child experiences during treatment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of storytelling against fear due to hospitalization in school-age children admitted to the hospital. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design and the method used was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects in this study consisted of two groups namely the intervention and the control groups. The total number of respondents was n=32 and located at the Maternity and Children Hospital in Indonesia. Bivariate analysis showed that storytelling intervention had a significant relationship with the fear of hospitalization among the hospitalized school-age children (p-value=0.001< 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the fear score in the intervention and the control groups (p-value=0.001<). Therefore, applying storytelling in the nursing intervention of pediatric patients in hospitals can be recommended to minimize the fear in children.

scholarly journals Integrated Sanitation and Hygiene Program to Curb the Case of Helminthiasis: An Experimental Study Among School-Age Children in a Coastal Town in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Bercasio Botabara-Yap ◽  
Leomel Jezter Bellosillo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Approximately 24% of the world’s populations, mostly school-age children, are infected with soil-transmitted helminthes; with the majority in tropical and subtropical areas. The Philippine islands are endemic to soil-transmitted helminth with approximately 25 million Filipinos at risk of acquiring the infection. Despite the deworming program of the Department of Health (DOH), re-infection is very common. This study investigated the effect of integrated sanitation and hygiene program among the second grade students of a coastal town in the Philippines. Methods: Utilizing quasi-experimental study, two group pretest and posttest design, 70 participants from the elementary school of a coastal town in the Philippines were chosen randomly to join the study.  Results: Overall result showed that experimental group maintained a zero re-infection during the first and second months after the intervention; while the control had one case of re-infection. Moreover, result showed significant difference during pretest and posttest on knowledge (p = <0.05) and self-efficacy (p = <0.05) but not significant on practice (p = 0.77). Analyzing the two groups, significant difference was noted between the experimental and control group on knowledge (p = <0.05) and self-efficacy (p = <0.05), with the experimental group faring better after one and two months post intervention; but no significant difference was noted on practice, one and two months post intervention (p = 0.56, 0.43). The odds of the experimental group acquiring helminthiasis was 68% lower than the control group but is not considered significant (OR = 0.32; p = 0.49). Discussion: The program was successful in reducing the re-infection of helminthiasis and is recommended that continuous health education on hygiene and sanitation must be considered in the home and school.  

scholarly journals The Relation between Physiological Parameters and Colour Modifications in Text Background and Overlay during Reading in Children with and without Dyslexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Tamara Jakovljević ◽  
Milica M. Janković ◽  
Andrej M. Savić ◽  
Ivan Soldatović ◽  
Gordana Čolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Saccade Duration ◽  
40 Hz

Reading is one of the essential processes during the maturation of an individual. It is estimated that 5–10% of school-age children are affected by dyslexia, the reading disorder characterised by difficulties in the accuracy or fluency of word recognition. There are many studies which have reported that coloured overlays and background could improve the reading process, especially in children with reading disorders. As dyslexia has neurobiological origins, the aim of the present research was to understand the relationship between physiological parameters and colour modifications in the text and background during reading in children with and without dyslexia. We have measured differences in electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activities (EDA) and eye movements of the 36 school-age (from 8 to 12 years old) children (18 with dyslexia and 18 of control group) during the reading task in 13 combinations of background and overlay colours. Our findings showed that the dyslexic children have longer reading duration, fixation count, fixation duration average, fixation duration total, and longer saccade count, saccade duration total, and saccade duration average while reading on white and coloured background/overlay. It was found that the turquoise background, turquoise overlay, and yellow background colours are beneficial for dyslexic readers, as they achieved the shortest time duration of the reading tasks when these colours were used. Additionally, dyslexic children have higher values of beta (15–40 Hz) and the broadband EEG (0.5–40 Hz) power while reading in one particular colour (purple), as well as increasing theta range power while reading with the purple overlay. We have observed no significant differences between HRV parameters on white colour, except for single colours (purple, turquoise overlay, and yellow overlay) where the control group showed higher values for mean HR, while dyslexic children scored higher with mean RR. Regarding EDA measure, we found systematically lower values in children with dyslexia in comparison to the control group. Based on the present results, we can conclude that both pastel and intense background/overlays are beneficial for reading of both groups and all sensor modalities could be used to better understand the neurophysiological origins in dyslexic children.

PERIPHERAL BRAIN

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Jill M. Baren ◽  
James S. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Emergency Drugs ◽  
Emergency Equipment

This section of Pediatrics in Review is designed to be clipped or duplicated and filed in a handy place in the office, clinic, or emergency department, providing a convenient and concise reference. All offices in which children are examined should have pediatric emergency equipment, supplies, drugs, policies, and procedures. The equipment, supplies, and drugs kept in the office will depend on the spectrum of ill or injured children seen in the practice. However, a source of oxygen, basic resuscitation drugs (suited to the patient population and experience of the health-care providers), and a dosage chart or weight-based dosing tape (Figure 1) should be available in all offices. The following list of drugs is fairly comprehensive and is organized according to sign or symptom needing treatment. Health-care providers should become familiar with the information regarding specific drugs that they use commonly, eg, choose a short-acting benzodiazepine such as diazepam or lorazepam for treating status epilepticus. The intraosseous (IO) route of drug administration can be used for the majority of emergency drugs listed in the chart that suggest administration by the intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) routes. The IO route is appropriate for children age 6 years and younger and should be reserved for those circumstances where failure to achieve vascular access might result in loss of life or limb (ie, anaphylaxis, cardiopulmonary arrest).

scholarly journals Effect of implementation intention on walking in people with diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Vieira da Silva ◽  
Thaís Moreira São-João ◽  
Marilia Estevam Cornelio ◽  
Fábio Luiz Mialhe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Implementation Intention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of implementation intentions as an intervention strategy to promote walking in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We conducted a controlled and randomized trial, with 12 months of follow-up, involving 65 people with T2DM recruited from primary health care units and allocated them in the control group (CG, n = 32) and intervention group (IG, n = 33). The IG received the implementation intention strategy to promote walking and the CG remained in follow-up for conventional treatment in primary health care. The researchers were blinded by anthropometric measurements and the filling of the instruments. RESULTS: After twelve months of follow up, the IG presented a statistically significant increase in the leisure time physical activity when compared with the CG (p = 0.0413) and showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.0061). No significant difference was observed regarding body mass index and glycated hemoglobin among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation intention was effective in promoting walking and improving clinical indicators in adults with T2DM.

scholarly journals Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge among Primary School Children in Fayoum Governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Rabab Gad Abd El-Kader ◽  
Hanem Awad Mekhamier ◽  
Azza El-Sayed Ali Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Study Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fayoum Governorate

Background and aim: Improving the eating habits of children is essential to reduce the future burden of non-communicable illnesses. Nutritional diseases affect higher than 30% of school age children. This study aimed to assess the dietary habits and nutritional knowledge among primary school age children in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt.Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized. Setting: The study was implemented in three governmental mixed primary schools in EL-Fayoum city; Egypt, that were selected randomly. Sample: Cluster random sample techniques used for selecting of the study group consisted of 300 students aged from 10-12 years for both sexes attending grade five and six. Tools: three tools of data collection consisted of: 1- self-administered questionnaire comprised socio-demographic data of the students and parents, and students’ knowledge about nutrition, 2- the students’ dietary habits as consumption of the breakfast, drinking water, 3- Health assessment sheet to assess the students’ nutritional status including weight, height, BMI, and appearance.The study findings revealed that 69.3% of the study group were underweight, 36.3% were stunted, and 6.7%, 3.3% were overweight and obese respectively. About 45% had fair knowledge while 34% had good knowledge about the nutrition. More than half of the students had unhealthy dietary behavior and appearance. There was a statistically significant difference (P: 0<0.00) between the academic performance of the school children and their HAZ while there was no statistically significant difference between the academic performance of the students and their WAZ (P: 0.264).Conclusions: underweight is highly prevalent among the primary school students followed by stunting. Most of the students had unhealthy dietary habits and unhealthy appearance while around half of them had fair knowledge about nutrition. The current study recommended developing a nutritional health program for primary school children about the proper nutrition.

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