The "Angel Dust" States: Phencyclidine Toxicity

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Sidney Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Drug Of Abuse ◽  
Polydrug Abuse ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Drug ◽  
Unusual Amount ◽  
Own Name

Phencyclidine (1-[1-phenylcyclohexyl]piperidine, PCP, hog, sheets, angel dust, Sernylan, and many other common names) is a primate anesthetic that has emerged as a common drug of abuse and as a medical emergency problem during the past few years. Phencyclidine abuse is primarily a youthful activity. It is associated with multiple clinical states, an unusual amount of aggressive behavior, and a variety of problems in management.1 Thirty years ago phencyclidine was developed as an intravenous anesthetic for humans, but the frequency and intensity of emergence deliriums made it unsuitable. It is currently used as a veterinary anesthetic. Because of the availability of its precursors, its ease of manufacture, and its relative inexpensiveness, it became a common street drug during the late 1960s. At that time it was sold when mescaline, psilocybin, or tetrahydrocannabinol was requested, and it served as a virtually universal adulterant for hallucinogens. Not highly regarded among users of psychedelics, it was only infrequently purchased under its own name. During the past few years the picture has changed. Now it is a preferred substance, the most widely available and used hallucinogen. It usually is consumed as part of a polydrug abuse pattern along with alcohol, sedatives, and marihuana. PREVALENCE The extent of its usage is not easily assessed, the wide variety of names and of dosage forms make surveys imprecise.

A Review on Fast Dissolving Tablet

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar T. Malsane ◽  
Smita S. Aher ◽  
R. B. Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention due to patient compliance. Usually, elderly people experience difficulty in swallowing the conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions and suspensions because of tremors of extremities and dysphagia. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “Fast dissolving tablets” (FDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The review describes the various formulation aspects, superdisintegrants employed and technologies developed for FDTs, along with various excipients, evaluation tests, marketed formulation and drugs used in this research area.

Novel Findings of Anti-cancer Property of Propofol

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Wang ◽  
Chien-shan Cheng ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Xiaowei Ding ◽  
Minmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Attention

Background: Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, is traditionally applied for sedation and general anesthesia. Explanation: Recent attention has been drawn to explore the effect and mechanisms of propofol against cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of propofol in cancer have been studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Conclusion: This review focused on the findings within the past ten years and aimed to provide a general overview of propofol's malignance-modulating properties and the potential molecular mechanisms.

Canadian Geotechnical Research Site No. 1 at Gloucester

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C McRostie ◽  
C B Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Site ◽  
Sensitive Clay ◽  
Unusual Amount ◽  
Tools And Techniques

A parcel of land just south of Ottawa at Gloucester has been the site of an unusual amount of geotechnical research over the past 45 years. The parcel was recently to have been placed on the open real estate market but has been saved for scientific purposes and is now designated as "Canadian Geotechnical Research Site No. 1 at Gloucester". This paper presents an outline of the research that has been conducted at the site, in four general divisions, namely compressibility, strength, deformation, and soil property improvement. It is hoped that the site will stimulate the development and evaluation of new tools and techniques, foster scientific cooperation and information exchange, and allow the results of research involving the site to improve the state of practice, education, and research.Key words: sensitive clay, compressibility research, strength research, deformation research, soil improvement research.

Pharmaceutical Considerations of Nitroglycerin

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Yacobi ◽  
Anton H. Amann ◽  
David M. Baaske
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses

During the past few years, there have been rapid changes in the pharmaceutical uses of nitroglycerin. New dosage forms and new delivery systems have become available, which have resulted in potential confusion to all concerned with the proper use of these systems. The goal of this review is to prevent confusion and to bring all the relevant information together. The various analytical techniques available for quality control of the dosage forms and for the study of the pharmacokinetics are reviewed, with the intent of enabling the reader to identify pertinent references rapidly. The interaction of nitroglycerin with packaging and plastic delivery devices is also reviewed so that the reader can make informed choices. Finally, the clinical pharmacy and pharmacokinetics are reviewed so as to bring the reader up to date in that area. After reading this article, the areas of nitroglycerin research that still need to be explored should be apparent.

Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: A Pharmacotherapeutic Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-178
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Pesaturo ◽  
Peter N. Johnson ◽  
E. Zachary Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
New Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endothelin Antagonists ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Hypertension In Children ◽  
Prostacyclin Analogues

Pulmonary hypertension in children is a disorder associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial pressure, decreased cardiac output, and right-sided cardiac dysfunction that is caused by numerous etiologies. Although treatment will vary with underlying cause, pharmacological treatment has historically included inhaled nitric oxide and prostacyclin analogues. Over the past several years new agents have been added to the treatment armamentarium, including phosphodiesterase V inhibitors (eg sildenafil) and endothelin antagonists (eg bosentan). Further, more agents are currently under investigation for pulmonary hypertension in children including immunosuppressives and other endothelin antagonist entities. Limitations to treatment include the availability of appropriate, robust pediatric pharmacological data and constraints with dosage forms.

scholarly journals A clinical study on ectopic pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4776
Author(s):  
Mamata Soren ◽  
Ranjita Patnaik ◽  
Bismoy Kumar Sarangi
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surgical Emergencies ◽  
Β Hcg ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency; therefore, it is imperative to diagnose the unruptured ectopic pregnancy such that timely intervention will prevent morbidity and mortality Today with availability of monoclonal β-HCG, high resolution transvaginal scan and laparoscopy it is possible to make early diagnosis even before rupture.Methods: Prospective study of two years duration with sample of 72 cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy observed and treated out of total 20193 pregnant women admitted were included in this study.Results: The incidence was 0.36%, maximum between the age group of 26-30 years (33.3%). Risk factors were tubectomy (30.56%), D and C (6.94%), PID (5.6%), previous ectopic (1.39%), IUCD (2.78%). The typical triad of amenorrhoea, pain abdomen and bleeding was observed in 54.2% of cases. 19 patients were brought in shock (26.4%). Ultrasonography done in 56 cases.Conclusions: There is an increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy but a decrease in maternal mortality during the past two decades. Although the early diagnostic tools were available, we had to manage most of our patients as surgical emergencies, as they were brought late in the trial, with established diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Physicians should be sensitive to the fact that in the reproductive age group any women presenting with pain in the lower abdomen, diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy should be entertained irrespective of the presence or absence of amenorrhoea, whether or not she has undergone sterilization. 

scholarly journals International and russian experience in treating children’s flu

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
V. F. Uchaikin ◽  
O. V. Kladova ◽  
F. S. Kharlamova ◽  
N. L. Valts ◽  
Yu. V. Kompaniets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Extensive Clinical Experience

The article presents an extensive clinical experience about the treatment and prevention of influenza by oseltamivir for children and adults including high-risk group patients through different countries around the world over the past 17 years. The article reveals the causes of resistance to oseltamivir with a relative evolution proportion. The new domestic drug Nomides (oseltamivir), which manufactured by Pharmasintez JSC (Russia) in accordance with the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), has been represented in the article by unique dosage forms 30 and 45 mg on the Russian market for childrens older than one years old.

scholarly journals Організаційно-правове вивчення стану формування, розвитку та розповсюдження полінаркоманії у світі та в Україні

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Аліна Осинцева
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Polydrug Abuse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Alcohol Ethyl

Over the past decade, the dynamics of the prevalence of substance abuse with various classification and legal groups, the growth of illegal circulation of psychoactive substances, falsification of psychoactive alcoholic beverages, alcohol, delinquency and polydrug abuse have become almost epidemic, with combined abuse of psychoactive substances registered mainly among young people. The goal or the study was to review scientific sources on the current state of the problem of formation, development and spread of polydrug abuse in the world and in Ukraine on the principles of medical and pharmaceutical law. To achieve this goal, the methods of regulatory, documentary, comparative, graphical and tabular analysis were used. A review of scientific observations of scientists from around the world and Ukraine found that in the initial stages of polydrug addiction begins with the simultaneous use of psychoactive substances such as alcohol (ethyl alcohol), psychoactive alcohol-containing liquids, beer, psychoactive drugs, tobacco. Explained that the simultaneous (combined, consistent) use of psychoactive substances of different classification and legal groups and psychoactive alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, beer, psychoactive drugs are widespread among different contingents in the early stages of formation and development of polydrug addiction. Established that the most common alcoholic beverage is beer, which contains a combination of several psychoactive substances, so beer addiction is actually a polydrug addiction, it forms and develops faster, and its pharmaceutical correction is more difficult.

scholarly journals Psychological Support for Overcoming the Consequences of Aggressive Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
S. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breathing Techniques ◽  
Definition Of

This article describes the meaning of the terms „aggression“, „aggressive“ and „aggressive behavior“. It specifies the nature and basic principles of psychological counseling. It aims to present techniques and best practices for overcoming the consequences of aggressive behavior. It describes a number intervention methods such as separation of the role functions from the personal reactions; progressive muscle relaxation, pragmatism to the manifestations of undesirable behavior, breathing techniques, visualization of positive images, method of biological feedback, meditation, neuro-linguistic programming, realistic approach to events, situations and persons involved in them, clear definition of their capabilities and competencies. These ways of influence are illustrated by describing two specific cases. They are suitable for both individual and group counseling. An examination of the symptoms and consequences of the aggressive behavior provides essential information on the experiences of the counselor’s clients as well as their relationship to the past, present and future.

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