Cervical Adenitis

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Margileth
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Neck Node ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

Children with acutely tender and inflamed cervical lymph nodes are observed commonly by family physicians and pediatricians. Cervical lymphadenitis is usually associated with a systemic viral illness and subsides within a few days to 2 weeks. Bacterial adenitis, seen less often, is usually due to (β-hemolytic streptococcal or to staphylococcal infection. However, when a neck node remains enlarged following a systemic illness or when a nontender regional cervical node (adenopathy) persists longer than 2 or 3 weeks with or without associated illness, the physician and parents become worried. Concern is enhanced if the nodes increase in size or number. Infection and inflammation are the most common causes for persistent chronic (3 or more weeks' duration) lymphadenopathy in children. Whereas neoplasm is rare (1.4%) in the child or adolescent less than 17 years of age with a superficial lump on any part of the body, maligancy (Hodgkin disease, lymphoma, neuroblastoma) was found in 31 (13%) of 239 enlarged cervical nodes in similar-aged children at the same institution. Congenital and acquired cysts, pilomatrixomas, and benign neoplasms (lipoma, neurofibroma, lymphangioma) account for the majority of noninflammatory lesions in the neck in children and adolescents. However, most cervical lymphadenopathy in children is due to adenitis or reactive hyperplasia in response to an infection.

scholarly journals Causes and Presentation Of Cervical Lymphadenopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Arifullah Bangash ◽  
Syed Zafar Hassan ◽  
Ghulam Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

OBJECTIVETo determine the proportion of cervical lymphadenopathy in systemic diseases, their presentation and investigative tools.METHODOLOGYThis descriptive study was carried out from 1st July 2014 to 30 June 2017 in ENT and head and neck department Naseer Teaching Hospital and Town Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Total of 270 patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes, of either sex and of any age were approached for inclusion into the study. Patients with suspected acute inflammation were given a trial of antibiotic and followed for two weeks were excluded from the study. Excisional biopsy of the lymph nodes was performed in all these patients with six weeks or more duration.RESULTSIn our study out of 270 patients, 158 (58.5%) were males and the majority of patients (63.3%) had ages from 11-40 years. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in 145 (53.7%) patients, reactive hyperplasia in 53 (19.6%), lymphoma in 32 (11.8 %,) metastasis to cervical lymph nodes in 30 (11.1%), sarcoidosis in 7 (2.6%) and other very rare conditions as Kawasaki, Kikuchie and Rosi Dorfman were found in only one of each (0.4%). About 136 (50.4%) of the patients had involvement of multiple lymph nodes while 134 (49.6%) had single swelling. The matted lymph nodes were found in 162 (60%) whereas discrete lymph nodes were found in only 108 (40%) cases. Cold abscess was found in 19 (7%) of patients.CONCLUSIONTuberculosis is the commonest cause of cervical lymphadenopathy, with the majority of these patients having multiple lymph node involvement. In children, usually cervical lymphadenopathy is reactive or infective while in older age mostly metastatic.

scholarly journals Cervical Lymphadenopathy in a Nonagenarian Woman: What to Think?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Meireles Chaves ◽  
Fernando Nogueira ◽  
Gilberto Pires da Rosa ◽  
Sofia Tavares ◽  
Inês Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes

Tuberculosis remains a worldwide public health problem. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) or scrofula is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, affecting the cervical lymph nodes. We report the case of a 93-year-old woman presenting with cervical adenopathies with 3 months duration. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy yielded a noncaseous granulomatous process, but was negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). As the adenopathies had grown, an excisional biopsy was performed. An extensive study of infectious aetiologies was performed, including for MT, with a negative outcome. Owing to the persistence of cervical lymphadenitis with caseous granulomas, a diagnosis of TBL was strongly suspected and presumptive treatment was initiated. Afterwards, diagnostic confirmation was obtained by isolation of MT in the lymph node culture. The patient presented a favourable clinical outcome. This case highlights that a high index of suspicion is essential for the diagnosis of TBL, especially in the elderly, and emphasizes the importance of pursuing diagnostic confirmation, in which FNA and excisional biopsy plays a key role.

scholarly journals Cervical lymphadenopathy- a clinicopathological study of 50 cases in a tertiary level Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Md Zakir Hossain ◽  
Md Rafiquzzaman ◽  
Md Delwar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Ali Azad ◽  
Md Sirajul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Tubercular Lymphadenitis ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

Introduction: Cervical lymphadenopathy is common in Bangladesh and may present as diagnostic problem to the head neck surgeons. Diseases affecting cervical lymph nodes are of varying severity starting from simple curable infection to difficult incurable malignant disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the various clinical presentations of cervical lymphadenopathy and correlate histopathological findings with the clinical diagnosis. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during the period of 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013 in CMH, Dhaka on 50 patients irrespective of age and sex presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy persisting for >2 weeks. Result: In this series, tissue diagnosis by biopsy found tuberculosis (TB) 38% cases, metastatic carcinoma in 26%, non-specific reactive hyperplasia in 22% and lymphoma in 14% cases. Sixty eight percent cases were below 40 years of age. Male to female ratio in this series was 2.12: 1. Conclusion: Twenty Four (48%) cases were diagnosed clinically as tubercular lymphadenitis, 12(24%) as metastatic carcinoma, 09(18%) non-specific reactive hyperplasia and 05(10%) cases were of lymphoma which were nearly similar to histopathological diagnosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22925 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014

Cervical lymphadenitis as a result of (Hijab) pin prick in north of Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-288
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gharaibeh ◽  
◽  
Ahmed Al Wadiya ◽  
Ahmad Gharaibeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Head Cover ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction. Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. Hijab is a head cover worn by some Muslim women in the presence of any adult male outside of their immediate family, which usually covers the head, neck and chest. It is strictly forbidden to Muslim woman to unveil any single hair of her head, so they use many pins around the head to fix their Hijab. Often, while using pins they are self-pricked. Aim. The main aim of our work is to reveal a new cause of lymphadenopathy, which is not known till now. Material and methods. Retrospective study during the past five years among seventy-five female outpatients, visited our Oral and Maxillofacial clinic in dental department. Our data was collected according to medical history of patients; all female patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were using (A hijab). Results. Data collected of 75 female patients. Lymphadenopathy causes were various. Most of these causes resulted from nonspecific lymphadenitis (67 patients), 4 tuberculosis, 2 lymphoma, 2 cat scratch disease. Aetiology of 67 nonspecific lymphadenitis was 40 patients of dental cause, 10 of sore throat, 7 of acne vulgaris, 3 of mild facial injuries, and 7 of (Hijab pin pricks). Conclusion. Hijab pin prick cervical lymphadenitis in Islamic communities is not uncommon and, unexplained cervical lymphadenitis should be considered as potential cause.

scholarly journals AN AUDIT OF 90 CASES OF CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY AT TEACHING HOSPITALS

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-472
Author(s):  
MAHID IQBAL ◽  
MUHAMMAD ISMAIL KHAN ◽  
IHSANULLAH ◽  
SHARAFAT ALI ◽  
MAQBOOL UR REHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Cervical lymphadenopathy is the enlargement of cervical lymph nodes beyond 1cmin diameter. It may be due to various causes and can involve different age group and sites.OBJECTIVE: To find out various causes of cervical lymphadenopathies in the study group.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted at Departments of ENT,Head and Neck Surgery, Saidu Teaching Hospital Swat , from April 2010 to June 2013. Patients havingenlarged lymph nodes, of either sex and of any age were included in the study for the determination offrequency of various diseases in cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinically diagnosed cases of cervicallymphadenopathy as well as those patients not willing for admission were excluded from the study. Fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done in all patients for the diagnosis of various diseases.Specific investigations like pus for AFB/culture and excisional/incisional biopsy employed in patients inwhom FNAC was inconclusive.RESULTS: Out of 90 patients, 47 (53%) females and 43 (47%) were males. Most of the patients werebetween 1-10 years. Chronic granulomatous diseases especially the tuberculous cervicallymphadenopathy was the most common histological diagnosis in 32(36%) patients, lymphoma 22(24%), reactive hyperplasia in 20(22%), metastasis to cervical lymph nodes inl5 (17%), and nonspecific lymphadenitis in 2(1%) case.CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis is still the commonest cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in this regionafter excluding reactive hyperplasia.KEY WORDS: Cervical lymphadenopathy; histopathology; causes.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus-associated acute glomerulonephritis in a patient with dermatomyositis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e236695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmi Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Sourav Pradhan ◽  
Akhil Pawan Goel ◽  
Anupam Wakhlu
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Rheumatological Disease ◽  
Per Se

Staphylococcus-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) occurs as a complication of staphylococcal infection elsewhere in the body. Dermatomyositis (DM) can be associated with glomerulonephritis due to the disease per se. We report a case of a 40-year-old male patient with DM who presented with acute kidney injury, and was initially pulsed with methylprednisolone for 3 days, followed by dexamethasone equivalent to 1 mg/kg/day prednisolone. He was subsequently found to have SAGN on kidney biopsy along with staphylococcus bacteraemia and left knee septic arthritis. With proof of definitive infection, intravenous immunoglobulin 2 g/kg over 2 days was given and steroids were reduced. He was treated with intravenous vancomycin. With treatment, the general condition of the patient improved. On day 38, he developed infective endocarditis and died of congestive heart failure subsequently. Undiagnosed staphylococcal sepsis complicating a rheumatological disease course can lead to complications like SAGN, infective endocarditis and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality, as is exemplified by our case.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Otorhinolaryngology: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv C. Michael ◽  
Joy S. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Important Form

Tuberculosis affects all tissues of the body, although some more commonly than the others. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common type of tuberculosis accounting for approximately 80% of the tuberculosis cases. Tuberculosis of the otorhinolaryngeal region is one of the rarer forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis but still poses a significant clinical and diagnostic challenge. Over three years, only five out of 121 patients suspected to have tuberculosis of the otorhinolaryngeal region (cervical adenitis excluded) hadMycobacterium tuberculosisculture-proven disease. Additional 7 had histology-proven tuberculosis. Only one patient had concomitant sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. We look at the various clinical and laboratory aspects of tuberculosis of the otorhinolaryngeal region that would help to diagnose this uncommon but important form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

NONTUBERCULOUS ACID-FAST BACILLI IN CERVICAL ADENITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-697
Author(s):  
Haddow M. Keith ◽  
Lyle A. Weed ◽  
Gerald M. Needham
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Caseous Necrosis ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Bona Fide

THE TUBERCLE bacillus is the most common cause of lymphadenitis with caseous necrosis. Such a condition in the cervical region, while less frequent than in previous decades, still occurs occasionally. While other agents, for example, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Brucella, Pasteurella and Miyagawanella, are known to produce a similar histopathologic reaction, they are not commonly associated with lesions in the cervical lymph nodes, especially in children. Therefore the finding of acid-fast bacilli in such lesions has generally been considered bona fide evidence of tuberculosis, although previous reports from this clinic indicate that such is not necessarily true. It is recognized that there are other acid-fast bacilli, such as the lepra and smegma bacilli, which may or may not cause disease. In 1944 Gellerstedt reported seven cases of tuberculoid skin lesions due to atypical acid-fast bacilli. He considered these to be due to exogenous infection with acid-fast bacilli differing from the organisms found in tuberculosis, and he considered them as possibly saprophytic organisms. In 1948 MacCallum and co-workers reported six cases of skin lesions due to acid-fast organisms that were not Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The lesions did not contain tubercle follicles, giant cells or caseous material. The name "Mycobacterium ulcerans" was applied to these organisms by Australian workers. In 1954 Linnell and Nordén described skin lesions that occurred in 80 boys and girls who used a certain swimming pool in a Swedish town. The etiologic organisms were acid fast, differed from those described by MacCallum and associates and were not lepra bacilli. Guinea pigs injected with these organisms presented no evidence of lesions after 7 weeks.

Staphylococcal infection and pathomurfological characteristic of the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Samira Mammadhasan Yagubova ◽  
◽  
Elchin Chingiz Akbarov ◽  
Tarana Nadir Mirzayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Specific Symptoms

During the staphylococcal infection, changes in the interaction of glandular cells, dystrophic and disorganizing pathologies in tissues, especially acute structural and hemodynamic changes in the stroma of the glands in the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system, develop from the first day of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, on the background of a decrease in exudative processes, fibroplastic reactions are significantly activated, resulting in signs of incomplete regeneration – mainly sclerotic processes and cystic-atrophic changes in the parenchyma. Structural changes in tissues in the early stages of staphylococcal infection and the dynamics of development are characterized by specific symptoms in each of the glands. Since the pituitary gland is exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors earlier and more often than the adrenal glands, and the adrenal glands are earlier than the thyroid gland, dystrophic and destructive changes in the pituitary and adrenal glands are more pronounced at the early stage of the experiment. These morphological changes can change the hormonal status of the body and lead to dysfunction of the endocrine system as a whole – a decrease in the functional activity of the glands to some extent, and even inhibition of adenohypophyseal cells. Key words: staphylococcal infection, peritonitis, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands

Intrathoracic Disease Associated With Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex in Otherwise Healthy Children: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-742
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Gupta ◽  
Ben Z. Katz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a well described human pathogen.1 Less commonly, atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause disease in humans. Recent studies report that NTM account for one-third of all pathogenic mycobacterial isolates in the United States.2 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) is the most common NTM causing human disease.2 It is also the most common mycobacterial cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children in areas with low endemic rates of MTB infection.3 MAI/NTM infection other than cervical adenitis is unusual in children, except in those that are immunosuppressed.4 Rarely, MAI presents as mediastinal or endobronchial disease in otherwise healthy children.

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