scholarly journals STRUCTURAL TYPES OF POLYVOCATIVES AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL FEATURES IN EPISTOLARY TEXTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Kuvarova ◽  
Oleksandra Budilova
Keyword(s):  
Communication Process ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Direct Address ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Speech Genres ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Epistolary Texts ◽  
Descriptive Method

Background. An important genre-forming structural element of epistolary text is theindication of an addressee, which can come in a direct, address, metatextual or indirect address. Various ways of the addressee indication in the letter seeking to establish contact between theparties of epistolary communication, are united by the term epistolary vocative. If the addressermultiply names their addressee within one letter, such addresses build a system of addressnominations that are qualified in our research as a polyvocative. Keeping in mind the fact that such systems (polyvocatives) are very diverse and arranged in a specific way, the relevance of our linguistic research lies in their exploration and classification.Purpose. We seek to describe the structural types of the epistolary polyvocative and explorethereupon its main functions. Methods. A descriptive method was used to define the system of the letter’s constructivefeatures and to form the core of polyvocatives. Epistolary vocative typology building, and thedescription of its components’ vocabulary were done by means of linguistic modeling.Results. We have identified three structural types of the polyvocative: framed, scattered andcombined. The framed polyvocative consists of two addresses, the first of which commonly opensthe letter and the last one accompanies the final etiquette formula and the addresser’s signature. The framed polyvocative can be doubling (both addresses are similar), reduced (the second addressdoes not contain certain components of the first one), expanded (the second address contains extracomponents) and modified (the components are totally different). The scattered polyvocative contains two or more addresses spread over epistolary text, in which case the last address does not belong to the letter ending. The scattered polyvocative can be homogeneous (containing one-type addresses) or heterogeneous (containing various types of address). The combined polyvocative comprises three and more addresses; it combines the features of the framed and scattered polyvocatives and unites their functions. Discussion. The major function of the framed polyvocative is the phatic one, i. e., establishing contact between communicators through the initial address and contact termination atthe end of the letter. The scattered polyvocative seeks to maintain contact throughout the whole communication process; besides, it can also perform emotional and aesthetic functions. The components of the scattered polyvocative may mark the utterances that embody in the letter various speech genres (apology, gratitude, compliment, request etc.). This way, they can divide and integrate the text. Further research perspectives are related to exploring pragmatic traits of the epistolary polyvocative at large and its separate types in letters that function in various areas of communication

scholarly journals ANTHROPONYMIC STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Dolzhich E. A. ◽  
Dmitrichenkova S. V.
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Information Compression ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Descriptive Method

Purpose of the study: The article aims to study the anthroponymy structure of academic discourse based on the material of astronautical corpora. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of specific tasks: to define the terms “anthroponym” and “eponym”, to reveal the structural types of astronautical eponyms, and to identify the functional significance of anthroponyms and eponyms. Methodology: The method of componential analysis and the descriptive method have been used as the primary research methods applying such techniques as observation, comparison, interpretation, and generalization. The methodological basis of the research includes discourse theory, the theory of precedence, achievements of cognitive linguistics, and studies on problems of terminology. Main findings: The authors propose to consider anthroponyms and eponymous terms as precedents, which are points of reference in the change of the scientific paradigm, help to systematize scientific knowledge, and navigate in its fund. The results of the study suggest that the anthroponymy structure of academic discourse provides information compression that makes the text concise without reducing information and performs a memorial function. Applications of this study: The research attempts to contribute to the further study of the academic discourse structure and the analytical description of its components using a cognitive-pragmatic approach. Higher education teachers can use the results of the article in lectures on the theory of academic discourse. Novelty/originality of this study: Few researchers have addressed astronautical academic discourse, investigating its structural and functional features. This study is the first to analyze the astronautical eponyms as super compressed signs of the precedent research.

Penerapan Fungsi Manajemen Dalam Meningkatkan Jama’ah Shalat Shubuh Dan Shalat Jum’at

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Apriyanti Kartika Agustin ◽  
Irfan Sanusi ◽  
Herman Herman
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Coffee Break ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
Motivational Process ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Organizing Process

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan fungsi manajemen pada Masjid Al-Anshari dalam meningkatkan Jama’ah Shalat Shubuh dan Shalat Jum’at. Secara lebih rinci tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk pengetahui proses perencanaan, proses pengorganisasian, proses penggerakan dan proses pengendalian di Masjid Al-Anshari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dipandang tepat untuk digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yakni dengan cara observasi, wawancara, rekaman audio dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Masjid Al-Anshari di dalam meningkatkan jama’ah Shalat Shubuh dan Shalat Jum’at memiliki proses perencanaan berupa penyusunan unsur tujuan, unsur kebijakan, unsur kemajuan, dan unsur program. Proses pengorganisasian yang dilakukan dengan pembagian kerja melalui struktur organisasi, departementalisasi dengan deksripsi kerjanya, distribusi otoritas, dan koordinasi yang dilakukan setiap Briefing di Coffee Break. Proses penggerakan dilakukan melalui proses motivasi, proses kepemimpinan dan proses komunikasi. Proses pengendalian dilakukan dengan memperbaiki penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang ada.   This study aims to determine the application of management functions in the Al-Ansari Mosque in improving Jama'ah Shubuh Prayer and Friday Prayers. In more detail, the purpose of this research is to find out the planning process, the organizing process, the mobilization process and the control process at Al-Ansari Mosque.  This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, considered appropriate for use in this study. The data collection method is by observation, interview, audio recording and documentation study.  The results of this study indicate that the Al-Ansari Mosque in improving the congregation of the Shubuh Prayers and Friday Prayers has a planning process in the form of compilation of objectives, policy elements, progress elements, and program elements. The organizing process is carried out with the division of labor through the organizational structure, departmentalization with its work description, distribution of authority, and coordination that is carried out every Briefing at Coffee Break. The mobilization process is carried out through a motivational process, a leadership process and a communication process. The control process is carried out by correcting the existing deviations.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF REGIONAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
E.V. x E.V. Efanova
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The One

The article presents a structural and functional analysis of election campaigns in Russia. It is obvious that electoral campaigns of candidates are unfolding during the election period, which, through interaction with citizens, enlist their support and sympathy, which contributes to their achievement of the main goal - victory in the elections and, therefore, the seizure and retention of power. The election campaign, being a structural element of the electoral process, is a set of events carried out by various subjects of this process in order to win the election by attracting the votes of the electorate. In general, the electoral company, on the one hand, is a set of measures for organizing elections, regulated by law and carried out by election commissions, and, on the other, a set of actions of political actors involved in the electoral process. It was established that election campaigns have a typical structure, organizational features, political, administrative and socio-cultural characteristics at the federal and regional levels of the electoral process. Among the regional organizational and functional features of domestic election campaigns are: a high degree of intensity of the election process, the dependence of the success of regional election campaigns on the electoral activity of citizens, the orientation of candidates to the needs of the residents of the region, and a prompt response to criticism from the electoral community. The study of the features of the implementation of regional election campaigns is important for Russian reality, especially in the conditions of the ongoing formation and intensive development of the democratic political process in the Russian Federation at the present stage.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONING OF ELLIPTICAL STRUCTURES IN ENGLISH SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Hederym ◽  
◽  
Nataliya Hlinka ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article is devoted to the study of one of the most important issues in modern linguistics – the problem of elliptical sentences, namely their definition, classification, different approaches to the study of this phenomenon and functioning in English-language scientific and technical texts. One of the tasks of scientific text is the ability to convey a large amount of new information in a sufficiently limited amount of text. It is this that leads to syntactic compression (the use of an ellipse) in such texts. Syntactic compression, as we have mentioned, is one of the characteristics of the modern scientific style. Authors of scientific texts seek to reduce the amount of text by compression, while increasing its content. Ellipse is a multidimensional phenomenon in language that allows authors to make the communication process more productive by using language savings. The ellipse has an extremely large pragmatic potential in achieving an extralinguistic effect. The use of the ellipse as a means of linguistic economy in scientific and technical texts is especially appropriate because the characteristic features of scientific and technical style are its informativeness (content), logic (strict sequence, clear connection between the main idea and details), accuracy and objectivity. It is an effective way of unloading sentence matter and exempting it from meaningfully redundant or structurally redundant components that carry repetitive information, it is based on the principle of compactification of predicative units. From a stylistic point of view, the desire to save language means leads to the emergence of new constructions that enrich the language, make speech dynamic, expressive. The article considers pragmatic and linguistic features of the ellipse, its structural and functional features. The article traces an attempt to review and structure the main theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "ellipse", the study of functions that perform elliptical structures in sentence structure and analysis of functional features of elliptical structures in English scientific and technical texts.

Life Cycle Assessment of CO2 Emission of Concrete Considering Carbonation and Structural Element Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 375-379
Author(s):  
Li Na Zhang ◽  
Feng Chen Li ◽  
Xiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Construction Stage ◽  
Production Stage ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Use Stage

Concrete industry is the main contributor of CO2 emission, and abundant studies were done for evaluating life cycle CO2 during production stage, construction stage, and use stage. The uptake of CO2 due to carbonation in service life is not detailed considered. Furthermore, the uptake of CO2 in demolition stage and the influences of structural element types on CO2 uptake performance are also not detailed considered. To overcome the weak points of current study, this paper proposed a numerical procedure about life cycle assessment of CO2 emission of concrete considering carbonation and structural element types. The CO2 emission and uptake in production stage, construction stage, use stage, and demolition stage are calculated. The influences of structural element types, shapes, and sizes on CO2 uptake performance are clarified. For concrete structures with different structural types, such as frame structures and shear-wall structures, the relative ratios for different structural element are different, hence the CO2 uptake ability are also different.

scholarly journals CORPORATE CULTURE IN A MEDICAL INSTITUTION

10.23856/4619 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fisenko
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Descriptive Method

The study outlines the prerequisites for the formation of corporate culture in various medical institutions, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of the Viva clinics’ network, which influenced its position in the intra-corporate communication process. Proposals have been formulated to improve the corporate culture, which takes into account all the shortcomings that are significant for medical staff. The latter were identified through a survey conducted among clinics’ network staff. The project includes several corporate events, improvement of working conditions and communication of staff, creation of intra-corporate media and software communication tools. Both general scientific and special methods of data processing were used in the work. In particular, the analytical-synthetic method of terminological analysis, comparative method, and generalization method was used, which made it possible to determine the degree of study of the topic, to outline the general issues. Induction and deduction methods were also used. The method of survey and questionnaire was used to assess the corporate culture of the Viva clinics’ network. The method of comparison was used to assess the advantages and disadvantages of competitors. The descriptive method was used to present the recommended part of the study.

scholarly journals In vitro assembly of prenucleolar bodies in Xenopus egg extract.

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bell ◽  
M C Dabauvalle ◽  
U Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Xenopus Egg Extract ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Xenopus Egg ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Nucleolar Components

Nuclei assembled in Xenopus egg extract from purified DNA or chromatin resemble their natural counterparts in a number of structural and functional features. However, the most obvious structural element of normal interphase nuclei, the nucleolus, is absent from the in vitro reconstituted nuclei. By EM, cytological silver staining, and immunofluorescence microscopy employing antibodies directed against various nucleolar components we show that nuclei assembled in vitro contain numerous distinct aggregates that resemble prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) by several criteria. Formation of these PNB-like structures requires pore complex-mediated nuclear transport of proteins but is independent of the genetic content of the in vitro nuclei as well as transcriptional and translational events. Our data indicate that nuclei assembled in vitro are capable of initiating early steps of nucleologenesis but that the resulting PNBs are unable to fuse with each other, probably due to the absence of a functional nucleolus organizer. With appropriate modifications, this experimental system should be useful to define and analyze conditions promoting the site-specific assembly of PNBs into a coherent nucleolar body.

scholarly journals Functional and Language Features of Nicknames of German-Speaking Users of Humorous Internet Sites

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Elena Valerevna Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Specific Area ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Descriptive Method

The author of the article outlines that nicknames represent a relatively new linguistic phenomenon in virtual communication, which has been the subject of many contemporary studies. However, some aspects of this phenomenon, as well as the spheres of the Internet in which nicknames function, remain insufficiently explored. The aim of the work is to solve the question whether nicknames of users of entertainment sites have special structural, semantic and functional features that distinguish them from users of other resources. To solve the above-mentioned question an attempt to identify and describe the features of nicknames of only one specific area – German-language humorous websites has been made by the author of the article. Methods. In the course of the research, the following methods were applied: structural analysis, statistical method, descriptive method, observation, comparison, generalization, systematization and interpretation, as well as the method of quantitative experimental data processing. Results of the research. In the course of the research more than 200 nicknames were collected and analyzed according to various criteria: by their language affiliation, by structural and semantic methods of their creation, by age and gender of the users. The author supposes that nicknames should be considered in the context of the particular Internet resources, as the discursive specificity of sites determines, first of all, the semantic feature of nicknames. It is emphasized that the main function of humorous websites is humor and entertainment, so the dominant motives for creating nicknames will be laughter and principled lightness. The author also pays special attention to the fact that unlike other types of nicknames, humorous virtual names are not intended to arouse interest and sympathy, but perform primarily identifying and pragmatic functions.

scholarly journals MENACE IN THE SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF THE SENTENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Kuravska N.Yu. ◽  
Tykha U.I.
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
The Status ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Purpose. The article deals with the studying of semantics of menace as the means of expression of volitive modality. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence, semantic structure, functional and semantic specificity of menace; to analyze a menace situation in the system of its components, to examine the means of its expression in modern Ukrainian fiction.Methods. We have used method of theoretical and conceptual analysis for critical analysis of concepts available in Ukrainian and foreign linguistics regarding menace, method of continuous fixation of menace utterances from the texts of modern Ukrainian fiction, descriptive method and method of internal interpretation to establish differential features of menace, methods of semantic and functional-pragmatic analysis to characterize the functional-semantic features of menace and the means of its expression in modern Ukrainian fiction, method of contextual analysis, which assumes the existence of some context in which we study and analyze the semantics of menace.Results. The essence, semantic and functional peculiarity of menace compared to other modal manifestations is determined. Menace is a complicated linguistic phenomenon. Its origin is connected with the necessity of representation of the modal meaning of threat. Menace is a special type of volitive modality that realizes semantics of threat by a complex of different means. Menace is characterized by the independence of semantic structure, functional, communicative and pragmatic specificity, diversity of structural types. The peculiarities of the Ukrainian language in semantic and grammar meaning are also indicated.Conclusions. Menace is a mitigatory type of volitive modality, aimed at satisfying the needs, desires and interests of the speaker, and menace utterances are characterized by freedom of choice of the addressee, as he/she makes a decision as to the fulfillment of the action which is beneficial to the addresser. In a menace situation, the status of participants in the communicative process is not significant, and the action is performed by the addressee; menace utterances can be used both in formal and informal situations, they are initiative and normative. Verbal (lexical-semantic, morphological, syntactic) and non-verbal means are used to express menace, that prove and demonstrate illocutionary power of threat.Key words: menace modality, menace semantics, menace, menace utterance, menace situation, menace meaning. Мета. Стаття присвячена вивченню семантики менасива як засобу вираження модальності волевиявлення. Метою стат-ті є розкриття сутності менасива, визначення його семантичної структури і функціонально-семантичної специфіки; розгляд менасивної ситуації в системі її складників; аналіз різнорівневих засобів вираження менасива в художніх текстах сучасної української мови.Методи. У статті використано метод теоретико-концептуального аналізу для критичного аналізу концепцій, наявних в українському й зарубіжному мовознавстві стосовно менасива, метод суцільної фіксації менасивних висловлень із художніх текстів сучасної української мови, описовий метод із використанням прийому внутрішньої інтерпретації для встановлення диференційних ознак менасива, методики функціонально-семантичного й функціонально-прагматичного аналізу для харак-теристики функціонально-семантичних особливостей менасива та засобів його вираження в художніх текстах сучасної укра-їнської мови, а також для дослідження менасива в дії, у процесі його функціонування, метод контекстуального аналізу, який передбачає наявність деякого контексту, у якому вивчаємо й аналізуємо семантику менасива.Результати. У статті розкрито сутність, семантичну й функціональну своєрідність менасива на тлі інших модальних виявів. З’ясовано, що менасив є складним лінгвістичним явищем, виникнення якого пов’язане з необхідністю оформлення одного з видів модальних значень, а саме значення погрози. Визначено, що менасив є особливим типом волевиявлення, що реалізує семантику погрози сукупністю різнорівневих засобів. З’ясовано, що для менасива характерні незалежність семан-тичної структури, функціональна, комунікативна і прагматична специфіка, різноманітність структурних типів. У статті також показано специфіку української мови в семантико-граматичному сенсі.Висновки. Автори статті дійшли висновку, що менасив є одним із типів модальності пом’якшеного волевиявлення, спря-мований на задоволення потреб, бажань та інтересів мовця, а для менасивних висловлень характерна наявність свободи вибо-ру в адресата, оскільки він ухвалює рішення про виконання / невиконання дії, яка є бенефактивною для адресанта. У менасив-ній ситуації статус учасників комунікативного процесу несуттєвий, а каузовану дію виконує адресат; менасивні висловлення можуть уживати як в офіційній, так і в неофіційній обстановці, вони є ініціативними й нормативними. Для вираження мена-сива використовують вербальні (лексико-семантичні, морфологічні, синтаксичні) і невербальні засоби, які засвідчують і вияв-ляють іллокутивну силу погрози.Ключові слова: менасивність, менасивна модальність, менасивна семантика, менасив, менасивне висловлення, менасив-на ситуація, менасивне значення.

scholarly journals LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF FINAL ETIQUETTE FORMULAS IN RUSSIAN LETTERS OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Anastasija Podoprigora
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Indirect Indication

The purpose of the study is to define the lexical and grammatical features of the final etiquette formulas in Russian letters of the 18th century, to describe the functional and semantic types of formulas, to characterize their syntactic structure. The object of study is letters addressed to different persons by the outstanding Russian commander A. V. Suvorov and Princess E. R. Dashkova. The research material is 120 enclosed etiquette formulas extracted from letters with a continuous sampling method. The descriptive method of research has been used in the article. Practical application is possible in the process of teaching the stylistics of the Russian language. Conclusions: The final etiquette formulas are an important structural element of the ending of a letter, usually preceding the signature of the addressee. We have identified the following functional-semantic types of final etiquette formulas in Russian letters of the 18th century: 1) formulas of forgiveness; 2) formulas of wishes (wishes of physical and mental health, God's help and blessing); 3) parakinesthetic final etiquette formulas (verbal transmission of a gesture or an action); 4) honorific final etiquette formulas (direct or indirect indication by the addressor the addressee's positive qualities). The basis of the construction of the final etiquette formulas often lies in one or another speech cliche, however these cliches are spread by dependent syntactic components, as a result of which the final etiquette formulas in the letters under study are diverse in their syntactic structure. The perspective of the present study is in the research of the dynamics of the final etiquette formulas of writing in the epistolary of the 18th – 20th centuries, as well as in a more detailed explanation of the pragmatics and functioning of the etiquette formulas depending on the nature of the communicative situation.

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