Degradation and thermodynamic adsorption process of carbofuran and oxadicyl in a Colombian agricultural soil profile

Carbofuran and oxadixyl pesticides are used in Colombia to control pests and fungi, but their mobility through the soil profile is poorly understood. This study showed degradation and adsorption processes of these compounds in a Melanudands soil (0-100 cm) from Colombia using laboratory incubation and the batch equilibrium methods. First-order kinetic models indicated that the degradation rates of carbofuran (0.013-0.006 day-1) and oxadixyl (0.013-0.008 day-1) decreased at deeper soil layers, suggesting that the pesticides were more persistent in the sub-surface (60-100 cm) than in the surface layers (0-40 cm). The thermodynamic approach showed that the adsorption of both pesticides was similar, an exothermic and spontaneous process. The carbofuran and oxadixyl coefficient of distribution (5.8-0.3 L kg-1) and the percentage of adsorption (71.2-11.3%) were very similar in the surface layers (0-40 cm) and decreased with the soil depth. The organic carbon (OC) and clay content showed a positive correlation with the pesticide adsorption throughout the soil profile; therefore, mathematical equations were developed from multiple linear regression models for these soil properties and initial concentration. The equations were important to the estimation of the mobility of the compounds using leaching models under laboratory and field conditions.

Download Full-text

Adsorption, dissipation, and movement of fluometuron in three southeastern United States soils

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500092663 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 183-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

William T. Willian ◽

Thomas C. Mueller ◽

Robert M. Hayes ◽

Charles E. Snipes ◽

David C. Bridges

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Clay Content ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Field And Laboratory Conditions

Fluometuron adsorption and dissipation under field and laboratory conditions, and distribution within the soil profile was determined in 3 soils from Tennessee, Mississippi, and Georgia that are representative of the cotton-growing regions of the southeastern United States. Fluometuron adsorption was correlated with organic matter, but not with clay content or soil pH. First-order kinetics explained fluometuron dissipation under field and controlled conditions (r2≥ 0.82). Field dissipation of fluometuron was slower under dry conditions. Fluometuron was not detected below 15 cm in the soil profile in any soil, and concentrations in the 8- to 15-cm soil zone were < 15 ppbw 112 d after treatment. Fluometuron dissipation was more rapid in soil from the 0- to 8-cm depth in Tennessee soil than in Mississippi soil under controlled conditions. Dissipation was more rapid under field conditions than under laboratory conditions at 2 of 3 locations. Fluometuron half-lives in soils from the 0- to 8-cm depth ranged from 9 to 28 d under field conditions and from 11 to 43 d in the laboratory. Fluometuron dissipation in soils from 30- to 45- and 60- to 90-cm depths was not different among soils, with half-lives ranging from 58 to 99 d under laboratory conditions. Fluometuron half-life was positively correlated with soil depth and inversely correlated with organic matter. These data indicate that organic matter, soil depth, and environmental conditions affect fluometuron dissipation.

Download Full-text

Evaluating Biochar Impact on Topramezone Adsorption Behavior on Soil under No-Tillage and Rotary Tillage Treatments: Isotherms and Kinetics

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16245034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (24) ◽

pp. 5034

Author(s):

Uwamungu ◽

Nartey ◽

Uwimpaye ◽

Dong ◽

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Adsorption Equilibrium ◽

Clay Content ◽

Adsorption Behavior ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

No Tillage ◽

Infra Red ◽

Pesticide Adsorption ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The evaluation of biochar application on the adsorption behavior of topramezone on soil under no-tillage (NT) and rotary tillage treatments (RT) has been assessed. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) (BET) were used for the biochar characterization. Batch experiments were carried out in a laboratory to assess the adsorption of topramezone on soil through equilibrium and kinetic modeling under biochar addition. The clay content has been found to be higher under NT (18.24 ± 0.01) than under RT (15.91 ± 0.02). The total organic carbon was higher under NT. The topramezone adsorption equilibrium reached after 8 and 12 h, for NT and RT, respectively. The kinetic and thermodynamic analyses showed the adsorption under both treatments matched with pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models, respectively. After biochar addition, the pesticide adsorption capacity (40 < 25 < 15 °C) increased with decreasing temperature suggesting an exothermic adsorption process while negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG); −1848.07 and −366.531 J mol−1; for the soil under NT and RT at 25 °C, respectively, indicated spontaneous adsorption. Negative entropy values (ΔS); −21.92 and −78.296 J mol−1K−1, for NT and RT, respectively, explained a decreased randomness process. The enthalpy was higher (p < 0.05) under RT (−23,274.6 J mol−1) than under NT (−1313.73 J mol−1). Conclusively, it was shown that the topramezone adsorption capacity was higher under NT, and biochar addition increased more pesticide adsorption under NT than under RT.

Download Full-text

Effects of organic matter and clay content in soil on pesticide adsorption processes

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif0901051d ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rada Djurovic ◽

Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽

Tijana Djordjevic

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Clay Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Pesticide Adsorption

The effect of organic matter and clay content on the adsorption of atrazine, acetochlor, clomazone, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in soil samples was studied. In order to determine whether and to what degree different soil properties affect the process of determination of selected pesticides, three soils with different clay and organic matter contents were used. An optimized liquid-solid extraction procedure followed by SPME measurement was applied to analyze the selected pesticides in soil samples. Detection and quantification were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Relative standard deviation (RSD) values for multiple analyses of soil samples fortified at 30 ?g/kg of each pesticide were below 19%. Limits of detection (LODs) for all compounds studied were less than 2 ?g/kg. The results indicate that soils with different physic-chemical properties have different effects on the adsorption of most pesticides, especially at higher concentration levels.

Download Full-text

Methods for determination of pesticide adsorption properties and examination of their mobility in soil

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1102089d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 89-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rada Djurovic

Keyword(s):

Soil Profile ◽

Free Fraction ◽

Adsorption Properties ◽

Batch Method ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Pesticide Adsorption ◽

As Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Pesticide destiny in soil depends on a number of factors, as well as on presence and intensity of the processes such as adsorption, degradation, evaporation, rinsing and leaching. Since adsorption processes govern concentration of the free fraction of pesticide molecules, researches in this area are primarily focused on examination of this process, more precisely on determination of adsorption constants and adsorption/desorption isotherms which provide determination of the most responsible soil properties for the retention of the tested pesticides in the soil. Since rinsing across the soil profile is the most frequent and its intensity is indirectly determined by intensity of adsorption processes, determination of adsorption constants of pesticides provides determination of rinsing potential for these substances across the soil profile. Methods for determination of pesticides adsorption properties and examination of their mobility in soil, primarily across the soil profile, are presented in the paper. Special emphasis is placed on the ?batch? method, which is currently the most common, and which was actually proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

Download Full-text

The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 779

Author(s):

Václav Voltr ◽

Ladislav Menšík ◽

Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽

Martin Hruška ◽

Eduard Pokorný ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Hot Water ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

Download Full-text

Effective Magnetic MOFs Adsorbent for the Removal of Bisphenol A, Tetracycline, Congo Red and Methylene Blue Pollutions

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1917

Author(s):

Guangpu Zhang ◽

Rong Wo ◽

Zhe Sun ◽

Gazi Hao ◽

Guigao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Congo Red ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Entropy Change ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Infrared Spectrometer

A magnetic metal−organic frameworks adsorbent (Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al)) was prepared by a typical solvothermal method for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA), tetracycline (TC), congo red (CR), and methylene blue (MB). The prepared Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al) composite adsorbent was well characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The influence of adsorbent quantity, adsorption time, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of the mentioned pollutants were also studied by a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The adsorption capacities were found to be 160.9 mg/g for BPA, 47.8 mg/g for TC, 234.4 mg/g for CR, 70.8 mg/g for MB, respectively, which is superior to the other reported adsorbents. The adsorption of BPA, TC, and CR were well-fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, while MB followed the Freundlich model, while the adsorption kinetics data of all pollutants followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The thermodynamic values, including the enthalpy change (ΔH°), the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°), and entropy change (ΔS°), showed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic entropy-reduction process for BPA, but spontaneous and endothermic entropy-increasing processes for the others. The Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al) was also found to be easily separated after external magnetic field, can be a potential candidate for future water treatment.

Download Full-text

The Development of the Soil Profile in North Wales as Illustrated by the Character of the Clay Fraction

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600007413 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 618-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. W. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Ferric Oxide ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

General Tendency ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Molecular Ratio ◽

The Past ◽

North Wales

1. The changes in composition of the clay fraction in different horizons of some typical North Welsh profiles have been studied.2. The changes in the molecular ratio of silica to sesquioxides (SiO2/Al2O3+ Fe2O3) throughout a soil profile afford an indication of the nature of the eluviation which has affected the mineral portion of the soil.3. The data for North Welsh soils indicate a general tendency to enrichment of the lower layers in sesquioxides, particularly ferric oxide, at the expense of the surface layers.4. The silica-sesquioxide ratio of the clay fraction is an important aid to series definition.5. The soils of North Wales, particularly in the uplands, have probably been subjected to considerable erosion in the past. The profiles are therefore considered to be more or less truncated.

Download Full-text

Variation in Salinity through the Soil Profile in South Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ◽

10.3329/jbas.v42i1.37829 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 11-23

Author(s):

Mohammad Asadul Haque

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Ph Value ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Salt Accumulation ◽

Top Soil ◽

Academy Of Sciences

The spatial variability of salt accumulation through the soil profile was studied at Latachapali union of Kalapara upazila, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. The soil samples were collected from 30 locations covering six villages of the union: Kuakata, Malapara, Fashipara, Khajura, Mothaopara and Tajepara. Five locations were randomly selected from each village. From each location soil samples were collected from three soil depths at 0-2 cm, 2.1-4 cm and 4.1-6 cm. Electrical conductivity of top 0-2 cm soil depth was 20.49 dS/m, in 2.1-4 cm soil depth was 7.14 dS/m and in 4.1-6 cm soil depth 4.15 dS/m. The study soils were strongly acidic having pH value 4.73, 4.99 and 5.20 in 0-2, 2.1-4 and 4.1-6 cm soil depth, respectively. The highest of 8.8 Na:K ratio was found in 0-2 cm soil depth. The Na:K ratio gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth, having 6.59 in 2.1-4 cm and 5.42. in 4.1-6 cm soil depth. The results clearly reveal that the top soil is very much sensitive to salt stress. Based on the electrical conductivity and Na:K ratio the Fashipara, Kuakata and Tajepara village were found seriously affected by salinity.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 11-23, 2018

Download Full-text

Removal of Chromium and Nickel from Electroplating Wastewater Using Magnetite Particulate Adsorbent: (1) Effect of pH, Contact Time and Dosage, (2) Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v10n7p222 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 222 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Donatus Dube ◽

Champaklal T. Parekh ◽

Bothwell Nyoni

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

City Council ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Heavy Load ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Electroplating Process

Wastewater discharged into municipal sewer systems from electroplating process plants contains a heavy load of metal ions and often requires pre-discharge treatment. Treatment of wastewater to reduce the concentration of metal ions employing an adsorption process has been studied using a wide range of adsorbents. In this work, the concentrations of chromium and nickel ions in wastewater samples from a local electroplating shop were found to be above the limits set out by the Bulawayo City Council, and the Environmental Management Agency, a statutory agency under the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Government of Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the removal of chromium and nickel ions from the wastewater using magnetite as an adsorbent is studied. Magnetite particulate adsorbent used in this experiment has demonstrated to be an effective adsorbent material. At the optimum process operating pH of 4 – 7 the absorbent was able to achieve removal rates of up to 99% for chromium and 98% for nickel. The adsorption processes for chromium and nickel have been proven to be physical in nature using the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model. Also, the adsorption kinetics data fit well with pseudo second-order kinetic model.

Download Full-text

Calcium, magnesium and potassium in mineral soils from the southern half of Finland

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72945 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 254-261

Author(s):

Armi Kaila

Keyword(s):

Clay Content ◽

Total Content ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Clay Soils ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Surface Soils ◽

Exchangeable Ca ◽

Heavy Clay ◽

Southern Half ◽

Mineral Soils

210 samples of mineral soils from the southern half of Finland with mainly an acid precambrian bedrock, were analysed for the total contents of Ca, Mg and K, and for the portion of these nutrients which could be exchanged by N NH4OAc (pH 7), dissolved by 0.1 N HCI at room temperature, or released by N HCI at 50° C. The total content of Ca was lowest in samples of heavy clay, 0.78±0.14 % in the surface soils and 0.92±0.10 % in the deeper layers. The mean content in the groups of other soils was at least about 1.1 %. The total content of Mg increased with an increase in the clay content (r = 0.81***). It ranged from 0.6±0.1 % in the sand and fine sand samples to 1.53±0.19 % in the heavy clay soils of the surface layers and to 1.89±0.12 % in those of the deeper layers. Also in the groups of loam and silt soils and of the coarser clay soils, respectively, the Mg content was in the deeper layers higher than in the surface soils. The total content of K also increased with the clay content (r=0.73***) from 1.7±0.1 % in the sand and fine sand soils to 2.74±0.21 % in the heavy clay soils of the surface layers and to 3.10±0.07 % in those of the deeper layers. The portion of exchangeable Ca was relatively high: in the groups of surface soils from more than one tenth to one third of the total amount. The corresponding average amounts released by even the more drastic treatment with acid were not markedly higher. Only a few per cents of total Mg were exchangeable and slightly higher amounts were dissolved by 0.1 N HCI, whereas the treatment with N HCI at 50° C released about half of the total Mg. Exchangeable K and K dissolved by 0,1 N HCI did not exceed 1 % of the total K, except slightly in the heavy clay soils; the average amounts released by N HCI ranged from 5 to 18 % of the total K. The plant availability of these nutrients was discussed.

Download Full-text