scholarly journals Larvicidal activity of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica against Aedes aegypti larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 9315-9320
Author(s):  
Patricia Manzano ◽  
Oscar Valmaña García ◽  
Jessica Malusín ◽  
Jenny Villamar ◽  
María Quijano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Control Water

Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that carries dengue virus, yellow fever and other diseases transmitted to humans. Organophosphorus larvicides are used to control the proliferation of this mosquito, which has generated a high degree of resistance; hence, new alternatives such as bio-larvicides formulated with plant extracts are of great interest. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti and to determine the main compounds present in it by GC-MS. In the assay, three concentrations of ethanolic extract were used (10 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1, and 50 mg L-1). This was performed thrice against a positive control (commercial larvicide: spores and endotoxic crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Serotype H-14) and negative control (water). After 72 h of incubation, it was observed higher larval mortality (93%) in the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg L-1; the extracts at 10 mg L-1 and 20 mg L-1 shown larval mortality of 47% and 70%, respectively. The majority compound determined by the GC-MS analysis was phytol (14.4% area). The results obtained in this study demonstrated the larvicidal potential of the ethanolic extract of A. indica against larvae of A. aegypti.

scholarly journals ANTI-TRYPANOSOMA ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NEEM LEAF (Azadirachta indica) ON Trypanosoma evansi IN RATS (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Siti Maghfirah ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
Al Azhar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) on parasitemia of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) Aceh local isolate. A total of 24 male rats aged three months were used in this study and randomly divided into six treatment groups equally. The negative control group (K0) without T. evansi infection and neem leaf extract, the positive control group (K1) was infected with T. evansi but no neem leaf extract given, group K2, K3, K4, and K5 were infected with 5x104 T. evansi and were given neem leaf extract after patent infection with dose of 50, 100, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW respectively. The extract was given orally for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, rat blood was drawn for parasitemia examination. The results showed that no T. evansi detected in rats in negative control group (K0), while parasitemia in group K1; K2; K3; K4; and K5 was 12,295 x106/mL; 10,495 x106/mL; 9,360 x106/mL; 5,080x106/mL; and 2,398x106/mL of blood, respectively. Percentage of inhibition of parasitemia in K2, K3, K4, and K5 reached 14.64, 23.78, 58.68, and 80.50%, respectively. Based on the result of the study, neem leaf extract of 800 mg/kg BW gave the highest reduction of parasitemia in rats infected with T. evansi.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Bacterial Suspension Bacillus thuringiensis Var Israelensis in Killing Aedes aegypti L. Mosquito Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-710
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyuni Sukesi ◽  
Sulistyawati ◽  
Eva Hendrawati ◽  
Surahma Asti Mulasari
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Prevention of transmission of this disease one of which is the chemical control with temefos, but the use of sustainable temefos can cause insect resistance and environmental damage. Therefore we need an effective and safe alternative to larvicide, the suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. Methods: This study used a type of true experimental research design with posttest only control group design. Samples used in this study are the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Concentrations used in this study were a 0.01%; Of 0.02%; Of 0.03%; 0:04% and 0.05% by the number of 25 larvae per treatment and 3 times replication. Results: Based on the Kruskal Walls obtained a value of 0.009> 0.05 means there is a stock mortality of larvae using a suspension of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, temefos and distilled. Test Mann Whitney showed that among the positive control (temefos a 0.01%) and negative control (distilled water) there are differences in the number of larvae mortality significantly, the positive control treatment with no significant difference, and between negative control and treatments armpits there are differences in the number of deaths larvae significant. The LC50 value obtained was 0.010% and the LT50 value obtained was 2,683 hours. Conclusions: The suspension of bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis is effective in killing the larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 values of 0.0105 and LT50 values on the clock to 2.683. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.706-710

scholarly journals Effect of phyto-extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) and garlic (Allium sativum) on leaf spot disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-449
Author(s):  
Asafor Henry Chotangui ◽  
Modjibaye Betigne ◽  
Marie Solange Mandou ◽  
Nelly Gaëtane Foussom Kamaleu ◽  
Eric Bertrand Kouam
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A split plot design using two exotic (“fleur” 11 var., 65-13 var.) and one local (village var.) variety of groundnut as the main factor and ten treatments comprising one negative control (sterile distilled water), one positive control (fungicide: spavozeb) and eight phyto-extracts replicated three times was applied. Treatments were applied to plots at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that CLS disease incidence ranged between 66.67% and 88.89% at 65 DAP for 10% ethanolic extract of garlic and 20% aqueous extract of garlic, respectively. Disease severity was lowest for 20% ethanolic extracts of neem seeds (14.74%) and garlic bulb (14.99%) at 65 DAP. Yield obtained from treatments of ethanolic extracts of garlic (3.62 t ha−1) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control (2.40 t ha−1) but comparable to the spavozeb treatment (3.09 t ha−1). Exotic varieties were more productive (3.13 and 3.43 t ha−1) than the more resistant local variety (2.67 t ha−1).

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis yang Telah Kedaluwarsa Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novia Kurnia Sari ◽  
E Setyaningrum ◽  
Emantis Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi efektif dan mortalitas Bti kedaluwarsa terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 di Laboratorium Zoologi II, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Lampung. Rancangan penelitian yaitu RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) menggunakan Bti kedaluwarsa sebagai faktor utama dengan 6 taraf konsentrasi : 0 ppm (kontrol positif), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, 250 ppm, 300 ppm dan Bti normal 20 ppm sebagai kontrol negatif yang terdiri dari 4 ulangan. Parameter yang di uji adalah tingkat mortalitas larva Ae. aegypti. Data di olah dengan uji ANOVA dan dilanjut uji BNT pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Bti kedaluwarsa 300 ppm merupakan konsentrasi Bti kedaluwarsa yang paling tinggi dan lamanya waktu kontak yang paling cepat menyebabkan kematian larva Ae. aegypti hingga 100%. Kesimpulannya Bti kedaluwarsa masih efektif dan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kematian larva Ae. aegypti. Kata kunci : Ae. aegypti , Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis, Mortalitas ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effective concentration and mortality of Bti who have expired mosquito larvae Ae. aegypti. This research was conducted in December 2018 at the Zoology Laboratory II, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung. This research was conducted with RAL (Complete Random Design) using Bti expiration as the main factor with 6 levels of concentration: 0 ppm (positive control), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, 250 ppm, 300 ppm and normal Bti 20 ppm as a negative control consisting of 4 replications. As a parameter is the mortality rate of larvae Ae. aegypti. Data was analyzed using ANOVA test and continued with LSD test at the 5% level. The results showed that the Bti concentration expiry of 300 ppm the highest expiration Bti concentration and the longest contact time to cause death to the larvae Ae. aegypti up to 100%. In conclusion, the Bti expired has an effective and influence on the death of the larvae Ae. aegypti. Keywords: Ae. aegypti, Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis, Mortality

scholarly journals EFIKASI EKSTRAK DAUN ZODIA (Evodia suaveolens) PELARUT HEKSANA DALAM MEMATIKAN LARVA INSTAR III Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Didi Setiyadi ◽  
Martini Martini ◽  
Mochamad Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test

DHF is a disease caused by a virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito and is one of the health problems in Indonesia. Efforts to decide the transmission of DHF by controlling the population of Aedes aegypti at the larval stage using larvaside temepos. Long-term use of temephos causes Aedes aegypti resistance and environmental damage. One of the plants that has the potential as botanical larvaside is the leaves of zodia (Evodia suaveolens). The purpose of this study was to prove the efficacy of zodia leaves of hexane solvent for killing A. aegypti larvae. This type of research is a pure experiment with the post test only control group design. The research sample is A. aegypti stage III susceptible strain. There are 7 groups consisting of 1 negative control (aquades), positive control (1 ppm temepos) and 5 treatment groups (zodia leaf extract). Data on larval mortality were counted 24 hours after treatment. The results of the one way ANOVA test showed that there were differences in mortality between test groups with a p value: 0.001 α (0.05). Zodia leaf extract probit test results showed LC50-24 hour and LC90-24 hour values of 0,443 ppm and 0,788 ppm. Zodia leaf extract with hexane solvent has efficacy as Aedes aegypti larvicide.

scholarly journals UJI DAYA ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT TERONG BELANDA (Solanum betaceum, Cav.) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Margareta Retno Priamsari ◽  
Rina Ayu Krismonikawati
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Solanum Betaceum

ABSTRACT Inflammation is a normal response to injury due to release of chemical mediators such as prostaglandins. Solanum betaceum Cav. skin contains flavonoid compounds. This study aims to determine the antiinflammatory power and the effect of variations in the dose of ethanolic extract of the skin of Solanum betaceum Cav on Swiss male strain mice caragenin-induced. The ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin was obtained using remaseration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antiinflammatory power test using edema formation method with induction of caragenin 1% intraplantar 30 minutes before administration of the test material. Tests were carried out on 25 mice records which were divided into 5 groups namely negative control (0.5% CMC Na suspension), positive control (diclofenac sodium suspension in 0.5% CMC Na dose 7 mg/kgBW) and given suspension respectively. Dutch eggplant skin ethanolic extract in CMC Na 0.5% dose 70 mg/kgBW; 140 mg/kgBW; 280 mg/kgBW orally. The parameters observed were edema thickness measured using calipers at 30 minute intervals for 360 minutes. The results of edema thickness difference are used to calculate the Area Under Curve (AUC) and the percentage of antiinflammatory power (% AIP). Dat a were analyzed statistically with the One Way Anova test and continued by the Post Hoc Test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin contains flavonoid compounds and has antiinflammatory power. The greater the dose of ethanolic extract of Solanum betaceum Cav skin, the greater the anti-inflammatory power. Keywords: Solanum betaceum Cav., antinflammation, caragenin

scholarly journals In-Vivo Effectiveness of 5% Azadirachta indica Oil Cream as Anti-Scabies

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Patihul Husni ◽  
Mayang K. Dewi ◽  
Norisca A. Putriana ◽  
Rini Hendriani
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Primary Irritation

Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has the potential to be used as an anti-parasite due to the presence of azadirachtin compound that is commonly found in the seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vivo effectiveness of neem oil as an anti-scabies. This study used an experimental method.  The effectiveness of the cream as an anti-scabies was tested on New Zealand white rabbits which were infected with scabies. Permethrin cream was used as a positive control and cream base was used as a negative control.  Cream was applied once daily and left for 8 hours. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. Dermal acute irritation test was performed by applying  0.5 g cream on the rabbit dorsal. We found that 5% neem oil cream was effective as an anti-scabies with 20-21 days recovery time. The recovery time is longer than permethrin cream (7-8 days), but shorter compared to negative control with recovery time over 30 days. Primary irritation index for 5% neem oil creams was 0, indicating negligible irritation category. In conclusion, A. indica cream was effective for the treatment of scabies although its recovery time is shorter than permethrin cream.  Keywords: effectiveness test, irritation test, neem oil cream, scabies

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ethanolic Extract of Aloe Vera Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Viki Ayu Intan Permatasari ◽  
Mutia Hariani Nurjanah ◽  
Wimbuh Tri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
High Concentrations

Since long ago Indonesia used nutritious plants as traditional medicines. Various types of plants in Indonesia can be used as alternative ingredients, one of which is aloe vera. Aloe vera contains saponin and anthraquinone, so aloe vera leaves function as antiseptic and antibacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus bacteria. This bacterium is often found as a normal germ flora in humans. Staphylococcus aureus can cause infections in humans and animals. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaves in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus by using maceration extract method. The concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with positive control (Erytromycin) and negative control (aquades). The inhibitory zone analysis is done using the table method. Test of ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus produced inhibition zones at concentrations of 60%, 80% and 100% with average diameter of 6.94 mm, 6.22 mm and 9.5 mm. The conclusion of this research is the ethanolic extract of Aloe vera leaves can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus in high concentrations

Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Etanol Ganoderma sp. Asal Pulau Lombok

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Adelina Oktaviani ◽  
Aida Muspiah ◽  
Faturrahman Faturrahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Activity Test

The use of antibiotics that are not according to the rules and antibiotics in the long term can cause resistance to bacteria. This study aims to determine the presence of antibacterial activity and the effect of increasing the concentration of ethanol extract of Ganoderma sp. against several test bacteria. Extract from Ganoderma sp. obtained by maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with ciprofloxacin as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition formed around the well. The results of the antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract Ganoderma sp. has greater inhibitory activity against gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory activity of ethanolic extract of Ganoderma sp. on the growth of test bacteria increased with increasing concentration of the extract

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BRUCEINE A ON THE LARVAE OF AEDES AEGYPTI LINNAEUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Dwi Sutiningsih ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa ◽  
Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto ◽  
Edhi Martono
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Histological Change ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Brucea Javanica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Damage

Objective: This study aimed to determine a target of action of bruceine A on the basis of its morphological and histological effects on the larvae of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus.Methods: Bruceine A was isolated from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. seeds in accordance with the Mangungsong method. Larvae of A. Aegypti (L.) in instar III to the beginning of instar IV were treated with various concentrations of bruceine A. The negative control group did not receive any treatment, whereas the positive control group received 1 ppm temefos. Dead larvae were collected after 24 h of treatment for the examination of morphological and histological changes.Results: The negative control group did not exhibit any morphological and histological changes. Larvae treated with bruceine A, however, had visible damaged heads, cuticles, digestive and respiration tracts, respiratory siphons, and setae, and they were smaller than normal larvae. Larvae treated with temefos exhibited gastrointestinal damage, narrowed breathing tubes, cuticle damage, and detached/damaged seta feathers. The necrosis of gastrointestinal epithelial cells was the major histological change exhibited by larvae treated with various concentrations of bruceine A or 1 ppm temefos.Conclusion: The targets of action of bruceine A in A. aegypti (L.) larvae are the head/caput, cuticle, setae, siphon, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.

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