scholarly journals Factors in Labor Activity of Modern Russian Technical Intelligentsia

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-349
Author(s):  
Ekaterina I. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Modern Russian

Introduction. The real situation in the economic, political and educational spheres hinders the development of intellectual and professional resources of technical intelligentsia. The purpose of the study is to identify objective conditions and subjective factors that determine the labor activity of modern Russian technical intelligentsia as a personnel basis for socio-economic changes and innovative transformations in the country. Materials and Methods. Official statistics and legislative acts were used as the materials for an analysis of the objective conditions. The methodological principles of historicism and socio-historical continuity, the methods of mathematical statistics were applied. When interpreting subjective factors, the empirical data obtained using the methods of the mass survey “Modernization of the Economy and Technical Intelligentsia” and the expert survey “Innovative Activity of Technical Intelligentsia” were examined. The surveys made it possible to reveal technical intelligentsia’s opinion – an assessment of current events in terms of adaptation to market relations and crises of recent years, job satisfaction, material remuneration for one’s work, value orientations. Results. The study made it possible to identify the objective conditions (the economic situation of the country, the state of institutions of education, etc.) and the subjective factors (the degree and level of labor adaptation of technical intelligentsia to the ongoing socio-economic transformations of recent decades, job satisfaction, etc.) that characterize modern Russian technical intelligentsia. The performed analysis of these conditions and factors indicates the difficulties for implementing a large-scale innovative breakthrough both in Russia’s economy and society as a whole. Discussion and Conclusion. Modern objective conditions determining the development of technical intelligentsia do not contribute to the completion of its traditional social mission – to be the pillar of scientific, technological and innovative transformations. The article is of practical importance for government agencies at various levels, for public organizations working to improve policies in the field of innovation in industry, science and education. Empirical data can be used for further scientific interpretations, as well as for diagnostics and advice on targeted support to enterprises and organizations in the productive sector.

scholarly journals How does the position of firms in the supply chain affect their performance? An empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Arora ◽  
Alexandra Brintrup
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Focal Firm ◽  
Cooperative Competition ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between a firm and its supply chain has been well studied, however, the association between the position of firms in complex supply chain networks and their performance has not been adequately investigated. This is primarily due to insufficient availability of empirical data on large-scale networks. To addresses this gap in the literature, we investigate the relationship between embeddedness patterns of individual firms in a supply network and their performance using empirical data from the automotive industry. In this study, we devise three measures that characterize the embeddedness of individual firms in a supply network. These are namely: centrality, tier position, and triads. Our findings caution us that centrality impacts individual performance through a diminishing returns relationship. The second measure, tier position, allows us to investigate the concept of tiers in supply networks because we find that as networks emerge, the boundaries between tiers become unclear. Performance of suppliers degrade as they move away from the focal firm (i.e., Toyota). The final measure, triads, investigates the effect of buying and selling to firms that supply the same customer, portraying the level of competition and cooperation in a supplier’s network. We find that increased coopetition (i.e., cooperative competition) is a performance enhancer, however, excessive complexity resulting from being involved in both upstream and downstream coopetition results in diminishing performance. These original insights help understand the drivers of firm performance from a network perspective and provide a basis for further research.

scholarly journals Sampling weights in multilevel modelling: an investigation using PISA sampling structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Mang ◽  
Helmut Küchenhoff ◽  
Sabine Meinck ◽  
Manfred Prenzel
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Software Programs

Abstract Background Standard methods for analysing data from large-scale assessments (LSA) cannot merely be adopted if hierarchical (or multilevel) regression modelling should be applied. Currently various approaches exist; they all follow generally a design-based model of estimation using the pseudo maximum likelihood method and adjusted weights for the corresponding hierarchies. Specifically, several different approaches to using and scaling sampling weights in hierarchical models are promoted, yet no study has compared them to provide evidence of which method performs best and therefore should be preferred. Furthermore, different software programs implement different estimation algorithms, leading to different results. Objective and method In this study, we determine based on a simulation, the estimation procedure showing the smallest distortion to the actual population features. We consider different estimation, optimization and acceleration methods, and different approaches on using sampling weights. Three scenarios have been simulated using the statistical program R. The analyses have been performed with two software packages for hierarchical modelling of LSA data, namely Mplus and SAS. Results and conclusions The simulation results revealed three weighting approaches performing best in retrieving the true population parameters. One of them implies using only level two weights (here: final school weights) and is because of its simple implementation the most favourable one. This finding should provide a clear recommendation to researchers for using weights in multilevel modelling (MLM) when analysing LSA data, or data with a similar structure. Further, we found only little differences in the performance and default settings of the software programs used, with the software package Mplus providing slightly more precise estimates. Different algorithm starting settings or different accelerating methods for optimization could cause these distinctions. However, it should be emphasized that with the recommended weighting approach, both software packages perform equally well. Finally, two scaling techniques for student weights have been investigated. They provide both nearly identical results. We use data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 to illustrate the practical importance and relevance of weighting in analysing large-scale assessment data with hierarchical models.

Assessment of the technical condition of underground structures of the largest hydroelectric power station in the North Caucasus, the Chirkeyskaya HPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. KAVKAZKY ◽  
◽  
Yana V. MEL’NIK ◽  
Alexey P. LEIKIN ◽  
Andrey V. BENIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North

Objective: Chirkeyskaya HPP is by far the most powerful hydroelectric power plant in the North Caucasus with the highest arched dam in Russia and the second highest dam in the country after the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. This explains why it is called the pearl of the Caucasus. Methods: For the operation and maintenance of this unique structure, a large-scale complex of underground structures for various purposes was built, the technical condition of which must be constantly monitored. To carry out work on the survey of underground structures, the management of the design and survey institute of JSC “Lengidroproekt” decided to attract specialists from the Department of Tunnels and Subways and the Test Center “Strength” of Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University. The work was successfully carried out at the end of 2015. Results: The safety of underground structures was objectively assessed. Recommendations for the repair and further comprehensive reconstruction of the Chirkeyskaya HPP have been developed. Practical importance: Carry out work on the survey of underground structures of Chirkeyskaya HPP is allowes elaborate of complex measures on safety from Chirkeyskaya HPP.

Experimental modeling and clinical technology of photodynamic therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Daria Aleksandrovna Krapivnitskaya ◽  
Kseniya Vyacheslavovna Kuznetsova ◽  
Igor Valentinovich Barskov ◽  
Vladimir Germanovich Taktarov ◽  
Vladimir Yurievich Pereverzev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Regenerative Processes ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In recent years, the amount of large-scale experimental and clinical studies has increased considerably leading to the development of techniques and their widespread use both in their field and serving as a basis for the combination of even paradoxically incompatible areas of experimental and clinical medicine. The authors consider one of the main objectives of this work to identify a stable correlation between experimental pathomorphological study in ischemic tissue lesion and a therapeutic effect in dermatology in various pathological processes since the fundamental method in both cases is represented by a photochemical effect on the central nervous system and skin. These studies are not only of theoretical value but also of great practical importance both for neurological (search for medicines used to stimulate regenerative processes in ischemic pathology) and dermatological clinical aspects (ablation method of photodynamic therapy for various skin lesions).

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodological principles of natural sciences and mathematical education (STEM-education)

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Olena Patrikeeva ◽  
Svitlana Gorbenko ◽  
Oksana Lozova ◽  
Iryna Vasylashko
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Interactive Methods ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article presents the results of theoretical and practical analysis of the problem of STEM education in Ukraine. The authors assume that the definition of theoretical and methodological principles of this problem will help create conditions for the effective completion of educational and upbringing tasks in educational institutions. The article reveals the main conceptual principles of the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine 05.082020 № 960-r «On approval of the Conception of natural sciences and mathematical education development (STEM-education)». Implementation of this Conception is envisaged by 2027. This Conception is aimed at the development of STEM-education, its large-scale implementation at all levels of education, establishing partnerships with employers and research institutions and their involvement in the development of natural sciences and mathematical education. The article also reveals the main theoretical and methodological principles of STEM-education such as: methodological principles, resource principles, organizational conditions and human resources, which ensures the success of the implementation of innovative learning in the education system. Creating an educational STEM-environment in an educational institution is one of the main tasks of the current stage of development of STEM-education. The educational STEM-environment of an educational institution is a set of intellectual and material conditions for the implementation of research results, technologies, engineering and integrated knowledge that ensure the self-development of a free and active personality and the realization of creative potential of students. STEM-education is implemented under the conditions of integration of all types of education on the basis of online platforms, media products, STEM-centers or laboratories, virtual STEM-centers, using non-standard methods, such as: STEM-excursions, interactive quests, contests or competitions in areas such as Internet of Things and robotics, STEM -festivals of makers and inventors, scientific picnics, hackathons, etc. The authors assume that the use of the above innovative and interactive methods and forms of work, organically combined with the peculiarities of educational activities, will effectively meet requirements of the Conception of natural sciences and mathematical education development (STEM-education), will allow students to form skills of research and engineering, invention and entrepreneurship, will provide support to students in their professional self-determination.

scholarly journals Citizen ownership of the state: A measure using election promise implementation score

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Azad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The State ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
The Usa

<p><i>This paper introduces a measure of citizen ownership of the state, which works with empirical data. The paper defines citizen ownership of the state as a condition where whatever the majority of citizens want is implemented. In the present-day large scale state, whatever the majority of citizens want is expressed in the election promises of the winning party, alliance or individuals. The paper argues that the level of implementation of election promises is a measurement of citizen ownership of the state. It models the authority of a representative government to a power of attorney. The citizen as principal awards a power of attorney to the winning party, alliance or individuals as an agent in their election. In the election, the set of election promises of the agent becomes the only written part of the power of attorney. The 2008-2012 tenure of US President Barack Obama is used to test how the methodological approach works with empirical data. The test finds the citizen ownership of the state in the USA at 70.7 percent and the party intrusion into the ownership at 29.3 percent during the tenure.</i>.</p>

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIALISM IN EMPLOYEE'S ATTITUDES

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Alas
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Satisfaction Of Needs

This paper compares people from former socialist countries with those of non‐socialist countries according to their attitudes toward society, trade unions, work and the organisations they work for ‐ based on empirical data from 15 countries. Results indicate that intrinsic factors of job satisfaction in the traditional capitalist countries have a greater correlation with feelings toward the company and general job satisfaction than extrinsic factors. The opposite is true of former socialist countries. Countries with a socialist past have to deal with the satisfaction of needs at a lower level than traditional capitalist countries and this consequently influences attitudes and expectations toward society, trade unions, organisations and work.

scholarly journals E hic of the responsibility in the cultural and moral position of modern Russian youth: the transformation of the moral in the complex society

2012 ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
N. N. Zarubina
Keyword(s):  
Value Orientations ◽  
Complex Society ◽  
Moral Position ◽  
Modern Russian

The author analyses the transformations of the morality in today's complex society. On the example in the changes in value orientations of modern Russian youth is shown that the growth of social irresponsibility is a serious challenge for the country's development.

scholarly journals Synergistic Approach To The Educational Process And Its Peculiarities

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Makhbuba Khotambekovna Ergasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article analyzes the need to use new methodological principles in the reform of education, as a result of which an effective solution can be found. It is based on the importance of using synergetic methodology along with other philosophical methodologies in the philosophical analysis of the educational process. It was noted that it is necessary to carefully study the national roots of spiritual and moral education, analyze it from the point of view of the idea of independence education, ideology, and conduct large-scale research in this area.

scholarly journals Transformation of Value Positions in the Youth Attitude of to Work: A Philosophical Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Roman Kobylkin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Information Revolution ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Internet Radio ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Forms Of Work

Most representatives of the modern youth demonstrate formed clip thinking characterized by a loss of skills to analyze, discourse, set logical connections. This not only affects the process of learning and obtaining professional knowledge, but also expresses a change in the attitude to work as one of the most important values against the background of a significant increase in the value of leisure. The transformation of values due to the influence of external factors such as television, Internet, radio, media on consciousness is obvious. The bulk of the media clip thinking is the youth facing serious difficulties in introducing serious creative work and the creation of new values. At present the structure and types of differences in employment are undergoing epoch-making changes. They are expressed in the mixture of traditional and modern trends, the emergence of new forms of work (freelance, downshifting, etc.), as well as in the formation of new trends in the attitude to work. New values such as "success", "pleasure", "power" are formed on the basis of cultural changes in the youth environment. The value paradigm formed in the youth environment under the influence of mass culture in the conditions of the information revolution has become an expression of new needs in the transformation of social reality. Under these conditions, the study of trends in the youth's value attitudes to work is of great theoretical and practical importance. The theoretical basis of this article is grounded on the works of A. Mole, E. Toffler, D. bell, E. Fromm, G. Marcuse, G. McLuhan. Their research papers reflect the changes that began to occur in society in the second half of the XX century and had an impact on the change of value orientations of young people. In our country, these changes were manifested in the generation of the nineties and noughties, and the representatives of this generation are the carriers of new values associated with the consequences of the information revolution.

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