scholarly journals Differentiation of the indigenous goat populations in Ethiopia based on morphometric features and zoometric indices: The primary step for conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-351
Author(s):  
B. Tade ◽  
A. Melesse ◽  
S. Betsha
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Indigenous Goat ◽  
Structural Indices

Abstract. This study was conducted to describe the indigenous goat populations of South Gondar, Ethiopia based on morphometric traits and body indices. To this effect, morphometric measurements were taken from 512 goats (153 male and 359 female) of both sexes drawn from three districts (Farta, Fogera and Libokemkem). Twenty structural indices were computed from morphometric measurements. Results indicated that age at first kidding and kidding intervals was 13.6 and 8.39 months, respectively, with an average litter size of 1.54 kids. Sex affected (p<0.001) all quantitative traits except ear length (EL), rump width (RW) and fore canon circumference (FCC) being higher in bucks than in does. The effect of age was significant (p<0.001) for all morphometric traits except for EL resulting in a linear increase with advancing age in both sexes. Except for EL and scrotal circumferences (SC), all quantitative traits were (p<0.01) affected by district of the goats rearing. Accordingly, Fogera goats had higher live weight (LW), heart girth (HG), height at withers (HW), body length (BL), chest width (CW), rump height (RH), rump length (RL) and teat length (TL) than those of Libokemkem. Fogera goats had also the highest LW and HG compared with those of Farta. Conversely, the Farta goats had higher RW, BL, TL, RL, CW, chest depth (CD), and paunch girth (PG) than those of Libokemkem. Libokemkem goats were inferior in most of the studied morphometric traits. Both HG and HW variables were identified as best predictors of LW in both sexes. Structural indices indicated that the goat populations could be characterized as meat phenotype with short legs being well adapted to midland altitudes. In conclusion, goats reared in the region could have a genetic potential for meat production with very good prolificacy. The Fogera goats were particularly better in most morphometric traits indicating their suitability for commercial meat production. However, further on-station research is recommended to verify their potentials as meat animals for enhanced food security in the region.

The use of whole wheat grain in feeding of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
V. Khamitova ◽  
A. Osmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of growing broiler chickens when whole wheat grain has been included in the compound feed. The purpose of the research was to develop an appropriate scheme and dose for feeding whole wheat grain depending on the age of broilers, while observing the normative content of metabolic energy and nutrients in the diets, and to determine the economic effectiveness of rearing of broilers. To determine the effectiveness, data on live weight, growth rate, livability, uniformity of broiler population by live weight and variability of live weight of chickens have been studied. In the course of the work, the livability, average daily gain, feed conversion, homogeneity and variability coefficients, and the productivity index have been calculated. An increase in the live weight of broilers, as well as the rate of growth in pre-slaughter age when using whole grains in poultry diets, as well as a decrease in feed consumption per unit of live weight gain has been revealed. In conclusion, the economic effectiveness of broiler meat production has determined when whole grain has been included in diets. The use of whole wheat grain as an additive to the main diet in broiler feeding allowed to increase profits and increase the level of profitability. It has been found as a result of research that it is advisable to add whole wheat grain to the main diet for broilers at the age of 8–14 days in an amount of 5 % of the feed weight, at the age of 15–21 days – 15 %, at the age of 22–28 days – 20 %, at the age of 21–29 days – 30 % of grain without reducing the overall nutritional value of the diet.

Lipid Profile of Pig Tissues Contrasting in Meat Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Bekenev ◽  
Anatoly A. Arishin ◽  
Sergei N. Mager ◽  
Izolda V. Bolshakova ◽  
Natalia L. Tretyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

Background: Studies were carried out on two breeds of pigs - Pietrain (P), and Kemerovo (K), contrasting in composition of carcasses, and their hybrids. Objective: The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of the composition of lipids of intramuscular fat (IMF), back fat and serum, organoleptic qualities in animals of these breeds. Methods: Animals of 10 individuals in each group were fed on a standard feed and slaughtered with a live weight of 95-100 kg. The quality of carcasses, the biochemical characteristics of blood, the composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in meat and fat, and blood lipid peroxidation were determined. Results: Thickness on the back fat (BF) at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae with a live weight of 100 kg was 35.8 ± 1.65 mm in pigs of breed K, in hybrids - 27.6 ± 1.06, and in breed P - 19, 6 ± 1.43 mm. IMF in pigs of breed K was almost 4.5 times greater than that of breed P. IMF K breed contained 2 times less cholesterol than in P (2.34 vs. 4.68%). In the IMF, K was 2 times less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), than P, 7.82 and 15.22%, linoleic acid, 6.74% and 12.42% respectively (p &lt;0.005).The organoleptic properties of meat and salted back fat were significantly higher in breed K (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained allow us to establish priorities in the use of products of specific breeds of pigs, depending on medical requirements.

Pig breeding development and analysis of the modern pork market in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
N. V. Bogolyubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Total Meat

Pig breeding is one of the key areas for the development of livestock meat production both in Russia and in the world. According to forecasts of various agro-industrial companies and information and analytical agencies, by the end of 2020, pork production was predicted to grow similar to that in 2019, which was 5,1% (or more than 192,6 thousand tons, in slaughter weight, compared to 2018). This would represent more than a third of the total meat production in Russia, which was estimated at 11,04–11,22 million tons (as compared to 10,9 million tons in 2019). According to preliminary data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (dated February 4, 2021), pork production increased "at 8.9% by 2019, which in live weight is +446 thousand tons", while the total meat production in Russia in 2020 reached 15,6 million tons, an increase of 3,1% (+472 thousand tons) more than in 2019. These indicators significantly exceed the forecasts indicated above, which is associated with the implementation of investment projects (primarily with state participation) in this direction and "expansion of export opportunities for Russian suppliers" in 2020. Despite the sanctions, coronavirus and other global challenges to the Russian economy, pork has been the "main driver" for the growth of meat production in Russia in recent years. Now our country is on the 4th line in the ranking according to the pig numbers (46.5 million heads in 2019) after China, the European Union and the United States of America. Agricultural enterprises in Russia account for 83,4% of pigs, 14,6% – on personal subsidiary plots, 2,0% – on farms. According to experts, the long-term development trend is an increase in the number of pigs in 5 years by 27,7%, in 10 years – by 36,1%, and the annual increase in pork production is planned at about 5%. Thus, in recent years, pork production has determined a positive trend in all domestic livestock farming in terms of the volume and quality of meat produced in Russia.

scholarly journals Sward structure and herbage yield of rotationally stocked pastures of 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf] as affected by herbage allowance

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo José Braga ◽  
Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira ◽  
Valdo Rodrigues Herling ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Cerqueira Luz ◽  
César Gonçalves de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Sward Structure

In ruminant-forage systems herbage allowance (HAL) has a major impact on grazing intensity and sward structure, affecting animals, plants, and ultimately, pasture yield. Data on HAL responses of tropical cultivated pastures are scarce and this information may be useful in optimizing pasture utilization. The objective of this study was to describe and contrast sward structure and herbage accumulation responses of 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf] pastures to HAL during two grazing seasons (warm-rainy season of 2003 and 2004). Treatments were four daily HAL levels, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg herbage mass per 100 kg live weight (%) in a rotational stocking system with 35 days of grazing cycle (28-day rest; 7-d grazing). Post-graze swards were shorter (~17 cm) under 5% HAL. For the other HAL levels, postgraze sward height increased throughout the experiment (21 to 50 cm). Changes in sward light interception (LI) were highly associated with height, but differed across HALs in 2004. Early in the 2003 season, HAL increases resulted in linear increase of the daily herbage accumulation rate (HAR; 47, 66, 78, and 98 kg DM ha-1 d-1 for 5, 10, 15 and 20%-HAL, respectively). For the subsequent grazing cycles of 2003 and all through 2004, HAR decreased with increasing HAL. This was associated with the excessive increase in sward height and mean forage mass, caused by lower grazing intensity. The use of lax (high) HAL to maximize animal performance, especially 10, 15 and 20%-HAL, resulted in decreased pasture performance (lower herbage accumulation, HAC) in palisadegrass pastures.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of fattening qualities of rabbits of different breeds under the conditions of the private farm

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
I.O. Lastovska ◽  
L.V Pirova ◽  
L.T. Kosior ◽  
O.O. Borshch ◽  
O.V Borshch
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Access To Food

A comparative assessment of the fattening qualities of rabbits of different breeds on a farm with an intensive technology of rabbit meat production was carried. The material for the study was a herd of rabbits of meat and skin breeds: Gray Giant Flander, Californian, Silver Fox. The experiment was carried by the group method. For this purpose, 30 rabbits were selected at 45 days of age and 3 groups of 10 heads were formed. Analogue rabbits were selected by breed, age, live weight, sex. The experimental livestock was housed in a shed-type room equipped with 4 rows of mesh cages arranged in two tiers, in which bunker feeders and nipple drinking bowls were installed. The animals were fed with pellets compound feed with the addition of leguminous Herbal hay. Compound feed was distributed from bunker self-feeders, Herbal hay – from feeders (mangers). The rabbits were watered from nipple drinkers, which provided the animals with constant access to food and water. In the course of the research, the live weight of rabbits, absolute and average daily gain, relative growth rate and feed costs were studied. It has been found that the Californian rabbits fulfill their growth potential better than the Silver Fox and Gray Giant Flander rabbits. Average daily gains in rabbits of the Californian breed were 1.8 g higher compared to analogs of the Silver Fox breed and 1.18 g higher than in the Gray Giant Flander. In terms of live weight, at the end of the experiment, the Californian rabbits were dominated by analogs of the Silver Fox breed by 116.7 g and by 90 g of Gray Giant Flander rabbits. The level of profitability of raising young rabbits for meat of the Californian breed was 12.2 %, and the Gray Giant Flander and Silver Fox breeds, respectively – 3.8 and 4.0 %. Key words: fattening qualities, Gray Giant Flander, Silver Foxy breed, Californian breed, average daily gains, economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary energy and lysine levels on cost of production and profit of meat production in “TANUVAS Namakkal gold Japanese quails”

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shibi Thomas ◽  
R. Amutha ◽  
M. R. Purushothaman ◽  
P. N. Richard Jagatheesan ◽  
S. Ezhil Valavan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Crude Protein Level

Two biological trials were conducted to determine the energy and lysine requirements of “TANUVAS Namakkal gold Japanese quail” for production performance. The economic impact of different levels energy and lysine during the chick (0-2 weeks) and grower (3-5 weeks) phases was assessed using seven hundred and twenty straight-run, day-old chicks randomly grouped in nine treatments with four replicates of twenty chicks each. Three levels of energy (2800, 2900 and 3000 kcal/kg) and three levels of lysine (1.2, 1.3 and 1.4%) were tested for chick and grower phase of the first experiment. The net profit per bird (Rs. 8.49) was high in group T1 (low energy and low lysine) and the net profit per kg live weight (Rs. 48.57) was high in T2 (2900 kcal/kg and 1.2%). For the second experiment an energy level of 2700, 2800 and 2900 kcal/kg was fixed for chick and grower mash, lysine level of 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4% was fixed for chick phase and 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3% for grower phase and the crude protein level was fixed as 20.3 and 19.4 per cent for chick and grower mash respectively for the second trial. The net profit per bird (Rs. 7.18) was high in group T6 and the net profit per kg live weight (Rs. 37.62) was high in T6 (2900 kcal/kg and 1.3% lysine during chick phase and 1.2% lysine during the grower phase).

scholarly journals Complex feed additive for broiler fattening of ducklings

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 (10) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
David Pogosyan ◽  
Roman Tyurdenev
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to develop an effective feed additive with an optimal content of raw protein in combination with flavoring additives for ducklings, which allows to increase zoo technical and economic indicators with broiler technology of fattening young animals. Research methods. A scientific and production experiment was conducted on three groups of analog ducklings from a daily age to 49 days old. The studied indicators are: the dynamics of live weight by fattening phases, absolute and average daily growth, the safety of young animals, feed conversion, slaughter indicators, the European fattening efficiency indicator, the profitability of meat production. Results. The use of compound feeds with an optimal level of protein content in combination with flavoring additives prepared on the basis of developed feed additives intended for fattening broiler ducklings in the fattening phases contributes to an increase in: live weight by 11.4 %, the safety of young animals by 3 %, feed consumption and conversion by 3.9 and 7.6 %, slaughter yield of 1.1 %, the European fattening efficiency indicator from 246 to 308 units and the profitability of meat production by 24.5 %. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a complex feed additive has been developed, which, according to the age periods of fattening, includes three varieties: “Prestart”, intended for intensive fattening of young animals from daily to 10 days of age inclusive, “Start” for ducklings from 11 to 21 days and “Finish” from 22 to 49 days. The rate of introduction of the additive is 30 % of the mass of mixed feed. The composition of the supplement includes high-protein feeds, premixes, amino acids and flavoring substances (monosodium glutamate, acetic and citric acids, a mixture of phytogenics: oregano, cinnamon, red pepper).

Influence of feed additive with Betulin on metabolism and productivity of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
S. A. Shpуnova ◽  
O. A. Yadrishchenskaya ◽  
T. V. Selina ◽  
E. A. Basova
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to increase the meat productivity of broiler chickens, increase production volumes and reduce the prime-cost of poultry products, it is necessary not only to ensure balanced feeding and compliance with production technology but also to include in the poultry diet non-traditional additives, biologically active substances that contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes and improve the digestibility of feed nutrients. One of these dietary additives is Betulin extracted from birch bark, which has antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to study the influence of compound feed with the introduction of 2 % feed additive based on a synthetic microspherical nanoporous carbon carrier containing biologically active Betulin in its composition on the productivity of broilers. The results of studies on broiler chickens using compound feed with 2 % feed additive have been presented in the article. It has been found that the feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain in poultry of the experimental group have been lower by 9,5 % due to better absorption of nutrients, the live weight of broiler chickens of the experimental group at the age of 42 days was 2625,6 g and it was higher than the control group by 3,68 %. The digestibility of crude protein and fat reached 92,73 and 88,03 %, which exceeded the control group by 1,03 and 3,03 abs.%, respectively. It has been found that the use of compound feed with 2 % of the feed additive with the biologically active substance is of practical importance in connection with the increase in the productivity of broilers and the level of profitability of meat production by 8,2 abs.%.

The influence of enzyme therapy with adaptogens when candidiasis on blood parameters, increase the livability and meat productivity of geese

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
R. T. Mannapova ◽  
R. R. Shaikhulov ◽  
A. G. Mannapov
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Enzyme Therapy ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Effective Prevention

It has been established that in propolis, which is a biologically active product of beekeeping contains several dozen compounds, trace elements and vitamins. It contains most of the compounds of flavonoid and terpenoid nature, phytoncides, unsaturated aromatic acids, trace elements: copper, cobalt, potassium, sodium, manganese, zinc, calcium, barium, titanium, nickel, chromium, vanadium, tin, vitamins (A, B, C, E, PP), glucose, fructose, cinnamon alcohol. This composition provides a favorable complex effect of propolis on the body: bactericidal and virusocidal (kills bacteria and viruses), bacteriostatic (slows their growth), regenerative (restoring tissues, heals wounds) and fungicidal (kills fungi). The main therapeutic effect in this biologically active beekeeping product is provided by ferulic, caffeic and benzoic acids, galantine, chrysin, isalpine, pinocebrin. They are combined with trace elements and vitamins, as well as probiotics and prebiotics, which provide the greatest therapeutic effect. This circumstance is important for fungal diseases of poultry and especially for candidiasis. Geese candidiasis has been causing great economic damage to poultry farming all over the world in recent decades. The search for effective prevention measures and therapies remains an unsolved problem to date. The data on the development of reactions basophils, pseudoeosinophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes on the background of candidiasis and their enzyme adaptogens: probiotic and propolis for traditional microbiotheria is not effective and does not contribute to the restoration of cytological reactions and meat production of poultry have been presented in the article. At the same time as shown by our studies in farms affected by candidiasis geese timely application of enzyme therapy on a background of immune propolis and propitiatory not only contributes to the full restoration of all biological indicators, but more intense live weight gain of poultry and improve the livability of their livestock. This underlines the importance of taking measures to prevent candidiasis in goose farms, together with good conditions for feeding and housing poultry.

Different breeding conditions affect the morphological variability in larvae of Platytrombidium fasciatum (Trombidiformes: Microtrombidiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1066
Author(s):  
Anna Derdak ◽  
Magdalena Felska ◽  
Joanna Mąkol ◽  
Paula Zajkowska
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metric Traits ◽  
Duration Of Development

The impact of temperature and light/dark cycle on morphological traits of Platytrombidium fasciatum was examined in larvae obtained from field-collected females. The eggs laid by 65 females at laboratory conditions were assigned to four experimental groups. Varied thermal conditions affected the values of nine out of 46 (nonparametric MANOVA) and 26 out of 37 (LDA) morphometric traits in larvae. As many as six quantitative traits differed significantly irrespective of the method (MANOVA, LDA) applied. The analysis of the metric traits within the dorsal sclerites revealed that the lower mean temperature over the period of egg incubation, translated into longer duration of development, was associated with an increase in distance between the bases of 3rd pair of non-sensillary setae on scutum at the decrease in distance between the bases of 2nd pair of non-sensillary setae as well as in distance between the level of sensilla and the posterior edge of the sclerite. In the case of 40 measurable traits in larvae of P. fasciatum, the variability going beyond the hitherto knowledge on the species was observed.

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