scholarly journals Faktorok, magyarázatok a sikeres és sikertelen felsőoktatási tanulmányi teljesítmény hátterében

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kőrössy Judit ◽  
Jagodics Balázs ◽  
Martos Tamás ◽  
Szabó Éva
Keyword(s):  
Academic Adjustment ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Student Attrition ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Methodological Approaches

CélkitűzésAz utóbbi évtizedek egyik legjelentősebb felsőoktatási problémája a nagyarányú hallgatói lemorzsolódás vagy a diploma nélküli kilépés. A jelenség megértéséhez többféle elméleti és módszertani megközelítést használtak a kutatók. Tanulmányunk célja, hogy áttekintést nyújtson a lemorzsolódás témában megjelenő cikkek szemléletmódjáról, fókuszpontjáról és néhány eredményéről. A különböző megközelítésmódok bemutatása segítheti a meglévő ismeretek integrálását, a további kutatások megtervezését és a beavatkozás programjainak kialakítását.MódszertanA lemorzsolódást vizsgáló magyar és angol nyelvű tanulmányok kiválasztása online adatbázisokból történt maghatározott kulcsszavak alkalmazásával. A tanulmányokat a kutatási módszerek (változó és személyorientált módszer) és a vizsgálatok fókuszában álló kérdések (lemorzsolódás okai, működési modellek, változók csoportjainak súlya, hallgatók alkalmazkodási mintázata) alapján soroltuk csoportokba. Eredmények: A témával foglalkozó szakirodalmi anyag áttekintése során négyféle csoport rajzolódott ki. Ezek közül három a változóorientált elemzést alkalmazta, míg a negyedik a személyorientált vizsgálatok csoportját alkotta. A tanulmány részletesen bemutatja e négy témacsoportot: 1. Befolyásoló vagy okozó faktorok csoportosítása; 2. A lemorzsolódást magyarázó modellek; 3. Pszichológiai változók és ezek súlyának azonosítása; 4. Különböző változók mintázata alapján kialakított hallgatói csoportok tanulmányi alkalmazkodása.KövetkeztetésekA megvitatás kiemeli az egyes megközelítésmódok előnyeit és gyenge pontjait a lemorzsolódás jelenségével kapcsolatban. A tanulmány utolsó fejezete azokat az új szempontokat emeli ki, amelyek a további lemorzsolódáskutatásban és az intervenciós programokban is alkalmazhatók.GoalsThe most significant challenge of higher education is dropout from college or leaving universities without degree in the last decades. In order to understand dropout phenomenon different theoretical and methodological approaches have been applied. The aim of our study is to overview the approaches, the focuses and the results of different studies concerning the student attrition. The description of different approaches can help to integrate existing information, to plan research proposals and to design intervention programs focusing on dropuot.MethodsThe studies about dropout in English and Hungarian languages have been selected from online database using relevant keywords. Papers were grouped according to their methods (variable- or person-oriented), topics and issues (causes of dropout, models, weight of variables, adjustment patters of students). Results: Four groups have been formed based on the approaches of articles during the review. Three of them use variable-oriented analysis, and the fourth group consists of studies applying person-oriented approach. The four topic groups are analysed in detail: 1. Grouping of causal and influential factors, 2. Explanatory models of dropout, 3. Identifying psychological variables and its weight, 4. Academic adjustment of student groups formed by patterns of different variables.ConclusionsThe discussion highlights the advantages and weaknesses of different approaches concerning the dropout phenomenon. The last chapter of the paper emphasizes those new aspects which can be applied in further research on dropout and intervention programs.

scholarly journals School performance at the end of elementary school: Contributions of intelligence, language, and executive functions

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Martins DIAS ◽  
Alessandra Gotuzo SEABRA
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
School Year ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
5Th Grade

Abstract There are several variables that are associated with and that can influence school performance. The present study investigated the following: 1) the relationship between school performance and intelligence, language, and executive functions; 2) explanatory models for school performance. A total of 87 students in 5th grade of elementary school, attending a public school in São Paulo State, Brazil (mean age = 9.72, standard deviation = 0.58), participated in this study. The participants were evaluated in terms of intelligence, language (phonological awareness and vocabulary), and executive functions (attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory). Bimonthly grades were collected at the end of the school year. Results revealed significant correlations between school performance and all measures, except for attention. Students’ performance on the cognitive tests explained up to 66% of their grades. Intelligence, language, and executive functions are associated with school performance, but language and executive functions, especially cognitive flexibility, can be considered as stronger predictors of performance in 5th grade. These findings can assist in the design and implementation of intervention programs to promote these skills.

scholarly journals Expertise in Automatism Study: An Application in the Consumption of Esthetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (58) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Amalia Raquel Pérez-Nebra ◽  
Claudio Vaz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

Expertise is one of the ways one can make one’s behaviors become automatic, and with consumption it is no different. Explanatory models of this sort of behavior described in the literature up to now have considered only conscious or rational buying, and do not apply to automatic buying. The model proposed here is inspired by, and adapted from, the behavior analyses, integrating variables that have typically been neglected in the traditional models, such as contextual variables. This study aimed to describe the relationship between the reports of behavior linked to the consumption of esthetics (operationalized in four variables: commenting, getting information, using cosmetic products and services) and the individual variables and those of the setting where purchases related to beauty were made. In order to do so, 953 Brazilian women responded to an online questionnaire. The model was tested and partially confirmed. Contextual social-psychological variables were the only ones to predict routine buying. Demographic and individual variables did not account for the variance explanation of the behaviors measured. It is suggested that further studies should use and contribute to this model to enhance the understanding of automatic buying.

scholarly journals Domestic Support for Foreign Fighting: Attitudes Towards the Use of Violence Abroad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Drury Løvlien
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Exploratory Testing ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Levels Of Support

AbstractThis study explores the phenomenon of foreign fighting through survey data gathered amongst Norwegian youths in 2015. Looking at two overarching explanatory models the article tests how grievances, criminality and more sectarian and religious factors affect more radical attitudes towards foreign fighting in Syria. Through this the article tests some central individual level factors to see how they impact support for foreign fighting in Syria, while also running alternative methodological approaches to test both the robustness of the initial findings and do some exploratory testing of non-responsive respondents in the multinomial models. The findings find support for factors such as past criminal behaviour and perceived deprivation in the form of self-reported socio-economic position, both of which are significant across the main models and in most of the alternative models. More abstract grievance measures, such as alienation and disillusionment more generally, provide more mixed findings. Hypotheses about a connection between religious identities and religiosity also finds support, with some indications that the sectarian nature of the Syrian civil war has a significant impact on attitudes amongst religious groups across the board. There is also a clearer sectarian dimension when studying those with higher levels of support for foreign fighting in Syria.

Batterer Intervention Programs in Spain: An Analysis of Their Effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Ferrer-Perez ◽  
Esperanza Bosch-Fiol
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Batterer Intervention ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Batterer Intervention Programs ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Rate Of Success ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women

Intimate partner violence against women is a social and women’s health concern. Much effort has gone into providing services and support for victims of this violence. By contrast, intervention programs focusing on the batterers themselves have received far less attention. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of batterer intervention programs (BIPs) implemented in Spain as provided by research published in peer-reviewed journals and scientific reports. The results obtained show that assessment focuses mainly on evaluating whether there is an improvement in the psychological variables of abusers. In cases where the rate of success or failure is analyzed, it is important to note the high drop-out rates observed, and the wide variability in success and improvement rates obtained. In summary, the results obtained in this revision allow to corroborate the assumption that associated with BIP is a lot of controversy, since its construction, its implementation, its assessment, and its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Quantitative proteome comparison of human hearts with those of model organisms

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e3001144
Author(s):  
Nora Linscheid ◽  
Alberto Santos ◽  
Pi Camilla Poulsen ◽  
Robert W. Mills ◽  
Kirstine Calloe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Opposite Chamber

Delineating human cardiac pathologies and their basic molecular mechanisms relies on research conducted in model organisms. Yet translating findings from preclinical models to humans present a significant challenge, in part due to differences in cardiac protein expression between humans and model organisms. Proteins immediately determine cellular function, yet their large-scale investigation in hearts has lagged behind those of genes and transcripts. Here, we set out to bridge this knowledge gap: By analyzing protein profiles in humans and commonly used model organisms across cardiac chambers, we determine their commonalities and regional differences. We analyzed cardiac tissue from each chamber of human, pig, horse, rat, mouse, and zebrafish in biological replicates. Using mass spectrometry–based proteomics workflows, we measured and evaluated the abundance of approximately 7,000 proteins in each species. The resulting knowledgebase of cardiac protein signatures is accessible through an online database: atlas.cardiacproteomics.com. Our combined analysis allows for quantitative evaluation of protein abundances across cardiac chambers, as well as comparisons of cardiac protein profiles across model organisms. Up to a quarter of proteins with differential abundances between atria and ventricles showed opposite chamber-specific enrichment between species; these included numerous proteins implicated in cardiac disease. The generated proteomics resource facilitates translational prospects of cardiac studies from model organisms to humans by comparisons of disease-linked protein networks across species.

scholarly journals A Matter of Factor: A Proposed Method for Identifying Factors that Influence Design Effort Levels in Product Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Holliman ◽  
Avril Thomson ◽  
Abigail Hird ◽  
Nicky Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Design Project ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Historical Data Analysis ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Or Task

AbstractDesign effort, the amount of time required to complete a project or task (Salam et al., 2009; Salam and Bhuiyan, 2016), is a required resource for any design project which can be influenced by a number of factors. Estimating design effort is a significant challenge that can be mitigated through an understanding of these influential factors. This understanding is held as tacit knowledge by experts, earned through experience; yet, although these factors vary in type and impact, understanding their details can provide insight and improve future estimations. Some previous methods to estimate design effort identify these factors, either from: expert opinion, or historical data analysis with each approach has advantages and disadvantages.This paper is comprised of three parts:A review of published methods and tools for estimating product design effort and whether they consider and identify influential factors; an analysis of possible trends in the identification of factors influencing product design project length; and a new method for identifying the influential factors of product design project length.

scholarly journals Foreign language learning attitude of Hungarian higher education students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-317
Author(s):  
Ildiko Novak ◽  
Laura Morvai
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Learning Attitude ◽  
Language Attitude

Foreign language skills come under the spotlight in higher education (HE) in Hungary. At present, Hungarian HE students are required to pass at least one intermediate level general or professional language exam in order to earn a degree, but from 2020, having an intermediate language exam will be a requirement for admission to HE. Thus, it is important to examine the foreign language-learning attitude of HE students as well as their family background that could affect their attitude. Expansion brought several non-traditional student groups to HE, which used to attract only the most talented upper-class students. However, a number of research studies highlight that motivation, attitude to learning, and the socioeconomic background of the students are influential factors not only in HE but also in foreign language learning. In this study, we present the results of our quantitative analysis performed on the Hungarian subset of the IESA-TESSCEE II. 2014 database developed by CHERD-Hungary. Using cluster analysis, the students could be clustered into four categories. Our results show that students whose parents have a low level of education are mainly motivated by the requirement to pass the necessary language exam to earn a degree. Students with a language certificate are driven by cultural interest to learn a foreign language. Students in Master Degree programs experience the practical benefits of learning a foreign language. Significant correlations between language attitude and the financial status of the family were not detected.

scholarly journals The High Five Model: Associations of the high factors with complete mental well-being and academic adjustment in university students

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-670
Author(s):  
Alejandro Castro Solano ◽  
Alejandro César Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Academic Adjustment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Mental Well Being

Traditionally, models of positive personality traits have referred to moral characteristics. The High Five Model (HFM) is a factor model of individual positive traits based on an inductive psycho-lexical approach. Unlike other models, in the HFM the positive characteristics were freely determined by lay people, beyond any moral tones. The HFM comprises the following factors: erudition, peace, cheerfulness, honesty, and tenacity, known as “the high factors.” This model was shown to positively exceed the capacity of normal personality to predict emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Additionally, this model is negatively associated with non-transmissible diseases, psychopathological symptoms, and psychopathological personality traits. This study aimed to increase the validation of the HFM, by analyzing the relationships among this model and positive mental health, psychopathological symptoms, academic adjustment, and academic performance in university students. Another objective was to study the association between complete mental well-being (i.e., high well-being and low psychopathological symptomatology) and the high factors of the HFM. The sample consisted of 256 university students. Correlations were calculated, and the two-step cluster analysis was used to obtain profiles. The results showed that tenacity and erudition high factors are positively associated with academic achievement and academic adjustment. Finally, each of the high factors was positively associated with complete mental well-being. The HFM has a broad scope, as it is related not only to psychological variables (e.g., well-being or psychopathological symptomatology) but also to academic performance (e.g., adjustment and achievement) in university students.

scholarly journals Diferencias de personalidad y en variables psicológicas relacionadas con el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Castejón Martínez ◽  
Rosendo Berengüi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Referral Form ◽  
Remission Criteria ◽  
Psychological Scales ◽  
Los Grupos

Determinadas variables psicológicas y la personalidad son consideradas como factores predisponentes o influyentes para el posterior desarrollo de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, así como también la puesta en práctica de determinados comportamientos de riesgo, como los atracones, vómitos o la práctica de ejercicio físico excesivo para la pérdida de peso. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las diferencias en personalidad y variables psicológicas relevantes relacionadas con los TCA, en mujeres y hombres, a partir del cumplimiento de criterios específicos a partir de los cuales se recomienda la derivación a un especialista en patologías alimentarias. En el estudio participaron 604 estudiantes universitarios, y se emplearon el Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EDI-3) y su cuestionario de remisión (EDI-3 RF), y el Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Los resultados mostraron que hasta el 58.5% de mujeres y 49.5% de hombres cumplen criterios de remisión. Tanto en mujeres como en hombres, existen diferencias entre los grupos con criterios y quienes no los presentan, principalmente en neuroticismo, obsesión por la delgadez, bulimia, insatisfacción corporal y ascetismo. Las puntuaciones en el factor neuroticismo y en la gran mayoría de escalas psicológicas son también superiores en los sujetos que cumplen con mayor número de criterios. Certain psychological variables and personality are considered as predisposing or influential factors for the subsequent development of eating disorders. Also the implementation of some risk behaviors, such as binge eating, vomiting or excessive physical exercise for weight loss. The objective of the study was to compare the differences in personality and relevant psychological variables related to eating disorders, in women and men, based on compliance with specific criteria to help identify individuals with potential eating disorders. Participants were 604 university students. The Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and referral form (EDI-3 RF), and the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were used. The results showed that up to 58.5% of women and 49.5% of men met remission criteria. In both women and men, there are differences between groups with criteria and those who do not, mainly in neuroticism, drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction and asceticism. The scores in the neuroticism factor and in the great majority of psychological scales are also higher in the subjects that accomplish the highest number of criteria.

scholarly journals Mindfulness for Preventing Psychosocial Risks in the Workplace: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽  
María del Mar Molero Jurado ◽  
Isabel Mercader Rubio ◽  
José Gabriel Soriano Sánchez ◽  
José Jesús Gázquez Linares
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Made In

Organizations today are implementing psychological interventions to promote the job performance and wellbeing of their employees. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can contribute to providing workers with competencies and skills and develop their strengths. MBIs are therefore becoming more and more present in the workplace, sometimes using online intervention programs, which offer a promising direction in prevention and intervention for health. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of MBIs on psychological variables in the workplace. For this purpose, a search for scientific articles published from 2009 to 2019 was made in the Psicodoc, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, where a total of 468 articles were found. After filtering with preestablished inclusion criteria, 24 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that intervention in mindfulness positively influences psychological variables related to employee health and wellbeing. However, it is recommended to continue performing new studies to confirm this finding.

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