scholarly journals The level of sanitary and hygienic knowledge on oral hygiene in teenagers and young adults who smoke

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
I.S. Lisecka ◽  
◽  
M.M. Rozhko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Dental Diseases

Numerous studies in recent years have shown that the prevalence of dental disease, periodontal tissue and dental anomalies remains high among children, despite the development and implementation of new prevention and treatment regimens. Thus, the prevalence of dental caries in children in the period of temporary occlusion reaches 80–90%, in the period of permanent occlusion — 70–80%. The prevalence of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children 12–15 years of age is 70–80%, reaching 95–98% in some regions, and localized and generalized periodontitis – 4.1–16.4%. It is known that the pathogenesis of dental diseases is closely related to the presence of a bad habit — smoking, mostly there is a strict correlation between the intensity and experience of smoking and the emergence and development of pathological changes in various organs and systems, including the oral cavity. Maintaining proper oral hygiene is an important factor influencing the occurrence of periodontal disease. It is known that the formation of oral care skills is formed in childhood, so the study of oral hygiene and the level of hygienic knowledge in adolescents with healthy periodontitis and catarrhal gingivitis in order to further develop a scheme of preventive measures remains one of the most important areas of pediatric dentistry. Purpose — to study the level of hygienic oral care and knowledge in teenagers and young adults who smoke. Materials and methods. The level of knowledge on the observance of individual oral hygiene in 87 people aged 15 to 24 years was studied. The main group included 40 adolescents and young people who smoked, in the comparison group we included 47 people of the same age without a bad habit of smoking. Results. It was found that the majority of all respondents have information on how to properly care for the hygiene of RP, respectively 67.54±3.75% — in the main group, 72.78±4.81% — in the comparison group. However, not all respondents have the full amount of information, as indicated by 23.43±7.51% of adolescents and young people in the main group and 17.86±6.42%. In addition, the individual assessment of their own oral care skills according to the respondents revealed that not all respondents regularly oral care. In the main group only 59.56±4.61% indicated regular oral care, which was 1.4 times less than in the comparison group 81.42±5.73% (p<0.001). Conclusions. It is necessary to conduct additional hygienic training, mandatory reinformation on the risks of dental diseases, in order to form a system of sustainable understanding and awareness of the need for adolescents and young people to observe individual oral hygiene. Particular attention should be paid to aspects of the emergence and rooting of bad habits, namely the bad habit of smoking, both traditional and alternative types of smoking, which adversely affects somatic and dental health, because it is known that without smoking it is impossible to achieve sustainable and long-term results of treatment and prevention measures. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: teenager, young adult, oral hygiene, smoking.

scholarly journals Longitudinal cohort study of the impact of specialist cancer services for teenagers and young adults on quality of life: outcomes from the BRIGHTLIGHT study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038471
Author(s):  
Rachel M Taylor ◽  
Lorna A Fern ◽  
Julie Barber ◽  
Javier Alvarez-Galvez ◽  
Richard Feltbower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesIn England, healthcare policy advocates specialised age-appropriate services for teenagers and young adults (TYA), those aged 13 to 24 years at diagnosis. Specialist Principal Treatment Centres (PTC) provide enhanced TYA age-specific care, although many still receive care in adult or children’s cancer services. We present the first prospective structured analysis of quality of life (QOL) associated with the amount of care received in a TYA-PTCDesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingHospitals delivering inpatient cancer care in England.Participants1114 young people aged 13 to 24 years newly diagnosed with cancer.InterventionExposure to the TYA-PTC defined as patients receiving NO-TYA-PTC care with those receiving ALL-TYA-PTC and SOME-TYA-PTC care.Primary outcomeQuality of life measured at five time points: 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after diagnosis.ResultsGroup mean total QOL improved over time for all patients, but for those receiving NO-TYA-PTC was an average of 5.63 points higher (95% CI 2.77 to 8.49) than in young people receiving SOME-TYA-PTC care, and 4·17 points higher (95% CI 1.07 to 7.28) compared with ALL-TYA-PTC care. Differences were greatest 6 months after diagnosis, reduced over time and did not meet the 8-point level that is proposed to be clinically significant. Young people receiving NO-TYA-PTC care were more likely to have been offered a choice of place of care, be older, from more deprived areas, in work and have less severe disease. However, analyses adjusting for confounding factors did not explain the differences between TYA groups.ConclusionsReceipt of some or all care in a TYA-PTC was associated with lower QOL shortly after cancer diagnosis. The NO-TYA-PTC group had higher QOL 3 years after diagnosis, however those receiving all or some care in a TYA-PTC experienced more rapid QOL improvements. Receipt of some care in a TYA-PTC requires further study.

scholarly journals Propension to risk in teenagers and young people

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Anna V. Semyonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Risk Predisposition

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a study of the problem of predisposition to risk in teenagers and young adults. The article describes the features of the manifestation of risky behavior, considers the constructive and destructive types of manifestation of risk in adolescence. The theoretical study examines the biological basis of the need for predisposition to risk in adolescence, as well as characterological fea-tures that indicate varying degrees of risk predisposition and change throughout a per-son's life. The presented work will be useful for students of pedagogical and psychological areas of education, teachers of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, teachers, parents of teenagers, educational psychologists, practicing psychologists in the area of family counseling, as well as individual counseling for.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SMOKING ON ORAL HYGIENE PARAMETERS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
I. Lisetska ◽  
M. Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of dental diseases is remaining high among the population. It is known that the pathogenesis of dental diseases is strongly associated with smoking. Maintaining proper oral hygiene is an important factor in the prevention of dental diseases. Therefore, the question of studying the impact of smoking on the oral hygiene status in adolescents and young adults is quite relevant as it can promote further development of more effective preventive measures. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of smoking on the oral hygiene parameters in adolescents and young adults. Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (Green-Vermillion, 1964) was applied to assess the oral hygiene status in 114 adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years, who were divided into groups: group I included 26 people who smoked traditional cigarettes on regular basis; group II included 22 people who smoked electronic cigarettes (Vapes); group III involved 23 people who used to smoke tobacco heating devices (IQOS); group IV included 43 non-smokers. The subjects of group I were found to have an unsatisfactory oral hygiene status, their OHI-S index was equal to 1.77 ± 0.02 scores. The subjects of group II demonstrated 1, 53±0, 01 scores, and the subjects of group III – 1.46±0.02 scores that corresponds to a satisfactory level of hygiene. The subjects of group IV, whose oral hygiene status was also satisfactory, had 0.87±0.03 scores. The study has shown that the state of oral hygiene is affected by smoking of traditional cigarettes or alternative smoking devices and smoking duration. Therefore, much attention should be paid and more efforts should be applied to promote smoking cessation and to elaborate the algorithm of medical and preventive dental care for those who is still smoking.

Physiotherapeutic support of patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis after total hip prosthetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Oleg N. YAMSHCHIKOV ◽  
Nikita I. VORONIN ◽  
Dmitry A. MARKOV ◽  
Ksenia P. Zvereva
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Hip Prosthetics

Today, the main method of surgical treatment of dysplastic coxarthrosis among adults is total hip prosthetics. Distant positive results according to foreign authors are 76–89%. One method of rehabilitation is physiotherapeutic treatment. The absence of standardized physiotherapeutic treatment protocols leads to a sharp reduction in the prescription of this type of rehabilitation measures. The aim of the study is to assess the long-term results of hip joint endoprosthetics among patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis using the developed physiotherapeutic treatment technique. Research materials and methods. For the period from 2010 to 2014, 205 patients were performed an operation with dysplastic coxarthrosis 1, 2, 3 degrees of Crowe. In the pre- and postoperative periods, patients of the main group were prescribed physiotherapeutic treatment according to the developed methodology. Evaluation of the results was carried out 12 months after surgical treatment using clinical and radiological methods, questionnaires using the Harris scale, SF-36. The obtained data were processed using statistical methods: Student coefficient, Pearson coefficient, correlation method. Results. When analyzing distant results, the average Harris score in the main group 85.82 (84.93–86.71) was significantly higher than in the comparison group 83.01 (82.02–84.00). The average score of the SF-36 questionnaire in the main group was significantly higher than in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Mental health indicators of patients were not significantly different from those of the postoperative period and were at a high level. Conclusions. Prescription of physiotherapeutic treatment promotes rapid healing of postoperative wounds and improves results of surgical treatment.

Cancers in children, teenagers, and young adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Tom Boterberg ◽  
Karin Dieckmann ◽  
Mark Gaze
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
The Common ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Cancer In Children

Chapter 1 introduces the topic of cancer in children, teenagers, and young adults. Cancer in children and young people is rare: less than 1% of total cancer incidence. There is a wide variety of tumour types, and these are often different from the common adult cancers. Leukaemia, brain tumours, and malignancies of embryonal origin are most common in younger children. Genetic predisposition is important. Environmental causes are less common than in adults. Treatments have improved significantly and, currently, about three out of four children and young people are cured of their cancer. Multimodality protocols including chemotherapy, surgery, and, more frequently now, biological treatment, in addition to selective use of more sophisticated radiotherapy techniques, is the norm. Increasing personalization of treatment based on risk stratification has allowed for improved cure rates with a reduction in treatment-related morbidity.

scholarly journals The incidence ofHerpesvirus hominisantibody in the population

1967 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel W. Smith ◽  
J. F. Peutherer ◽  
F. O. MacCallum
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Herpetic Infection ◽  
Herpesvirus Hominis ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Low Incidence

Sera from 1029 individuals, 864 from Edinburgh and 165 from Oxford, have been examined for the presence of antibodies toHerpesvirus hominis. The results of the smaller Oxford survey did not reveal a higher incidence of antibody where direct comparison was possible with those from Edinburgh.The incidence of both complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies in the sera from 710 people in Edinburgh with ages varying from 1 month to 92 years was compared with the more complete of the earlier surveys, and in particular with that of Holzelet al.(1953) in Manchester, England. This comparison revealed a lower incidence of antibody in people under 25 in Edinburgh in 1965.Results obtained with sera from medical students in Oxford and Edinburgh and from nurses in Edinburgh were in agreement with those of previous surveys. The low incidence of antibody in these young people emphasized the possible occupational risk of infection from patients and that primary herpetic infection might be encountered more frequently than before in teenagers and young adults.

scholarly journals ALGORITHM OF COMPLEX TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE FORMS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS RATIONALE

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Sheifer ◽  
◽  
I. S. Gelberg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Artificial Pneumothorax ◽  
Cavity Closure

Background. In destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in the presence of drug resistance of mycobacteria, one of the ways to increase the effectiveness of therapy is the use of collapse therapeutic techniques in various modifications. Purpose of the study: to develop and substantiate an algorithm for complex treatment of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, using artificial pneumothorax (AP). Material and methods: A cohort of 84 people with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis was formed. It was divided into two groups: 42 patients in the main group (chemotherapy (ChT) + AP) and 42 in the comparison group (ChT). Results: an algorithm for the treatment of patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis was formulated. Within a period of up to 6 months, abacillation was achieved in 61.9% of cases in the main group (MG), and in 18.9% (p <0.05) in the comparison group (CG). By the 10th month of treatment, the closure of decay cavities was achieved in 78.7% of cases in the MG and in 42.8% (p <0.05) in the CG. By 12 months the closure of decay cavities was observed in 92.1 and 52.4% of cases respectively (p <0.05). Conclusions: The use of the algorithm for the complex treatment of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis makes it possible to achieve abacillation at an earlier time (up to 6 months - in 61.9%). It also allows to increase the frequency of cavity closure by 39.6% as well as achieve an increase in clinical cure (according to long-term results of treatment) by 23.8% and a decrease in the amplification of drug resistance and mortality by 14.3% and 11.9% correspondingly.

scholarly journals Immediate and Long-Term Results of Original Methods of Longitudinal Pancreatojejunostomy With The Expansion of the Area of Pancreatojejunal Anastomosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
A. R. Propp ◽  
E. N. Degovtsov ◽  
S. A. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Main Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Pancreatic Head ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

RELEVANCE. The dependency results of draining operations on the efficcacy of drainig of ductal system of the pancreas and adequate outflow of the pancreatic juce through anastomosis are undoubtful, therefore the development of new techniques of longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy (LPJ) extending area of anastomosis is an actual challenge.AIM OF STUDY. To compare the immediate and long-term results of longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy with the expansion of the area of anastomosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis.MATERIAL AND METHODS. We analysed immediate and long-term results of LPJ in 58 patients with chronic pancreatitis with impaired patency of the major pancreatic duct (MPD) without the head enlargement.RESULTS. All patients were divided into two groups: comparison group ( n=26, operated up to 2008 ) and main group (n=32, operated stumps during the MPD diastasis and posterior pancreatic surface (n=3) into anastomosis, with resection of the anterior pancreatic surface in the form of triangular fragments (n=11), with circulation of the small intestine loop during the recovery phase (n=19). The original LPJ in the study group of patients did not lengthened the surgery (160 [135, 185]) and intraoperative blood loss (265 [175, 340]). In the main group of patients there was no postoperative complications and fatal outcomes, but the average duration postoperative hospital treatment (18 [16; 20.5]) exceeded some data of foreign and domestic authors. Pain within 5 years after surgery in patients of the main group exceeded 26.6% and the appearance of diarrheal syndrome with dependance from reception of enzyme preparations was twice lower than in patients og the comparison group. According to questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30, 5 years after surgery statistically significant differences between groups in terms of scales CF, NV, DY (p=0.03, 0.02, 0.006 respectively), indicating the advantage of intervention performed in the mail group.CONCLUSIONS. 1. An indication for longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy in chronic pancreatitis is impaired patency of the main pancreatic duct in the absence of an increase and inflammatory mass in the pancreatic head.2. The width of the main pancreatic duct is less than 5 mm and the presence of diastasis between its proximal and distal stumps with the posterior surface of the pancreas preserved, is not a reason for refusing longitudinal pancreatic jujunostomy in favor of the resection method.3. The expansion of pancreatojejunal anastomosis when performing longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy can improve the immediate and longterm results of surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis.

Physiotherapeutic support of patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis after total hip prosthetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Oleg N. YAMSHCHIKOV ◽  
Nikita I. VORONIN ◽  
Dmitry A. MARKOV ◽  
Ksenia P. ZVEREVA
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Hip Prosthetics

Today, the main method of surgical treatment of dysplastic coxarthrosis among adults is total hip prosthetics. Distant positive results according to foreign authors are 76–89%. One method of rehabilitation is physiotherapeutic treatment. The absence of standardized physiotherapeutic treatment protocols leads to a sharp reduction in the prescription of this type of rehabilitation measures. The aim of the study is to assess the long-term results of hip joint endoprosthetics among patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis using the developed physiotherapeutic treatment technique. Research materials and methods. For the period from 2010 to 2014, 205 patients were performed an operation with dysplastic coxarthrosis 1, 2, 3 degrees of Crowe. In the pre- and postoperative periods, patients of the main group were prescribed physiotherapeutic treatment according to the developed methodology. Evaluation of the results was carried out 12 months after surgical treatment using clinical and radiological methods, questionnaires using the Harris scale, SF-36. The obtained data were processed using statistical methods: Student coefficient, Pearson coefficient, correlation method. Results. When analyzing distant results, the average Harris score in the main group 85.82 (84.93–86.71) was significantly higher than in the comparison group 83.01 (82.02–84.00). The average score of the SF-36 questionnaire in the main group was significantly higher than in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Mental health indicators of patients were not significantly different from those of the postoperative period and were at a high level. Conclusions. Prescription of physiotherapeutic treatment promotes rapid healing of postoperative wounds and improves results of surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Сучасні предмети догляду за ротовою порожниною, методики чищення зубів у дорослих і дітей

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Melnychuk ◽  
M. O. Kushnirenko ◽  
A. S. Melnychuk ◽  
R. S. Kashivska
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Treatment of any dental diseases: caries and its complications, non-carious lesions, diseases of periodontal tissue and oral mucosa begins with professional oral hygiene and patient's hygienic training.The aim of the study – to describe modern oral care products, including various types of toothbrushes (manual, electrical, ionic, ultrasound), indicate their strengths and weaknesses; describe additional items for oral cavity cleaning, terms of flosses use, interdental brushes and stimulants, tongue cleaners, irigators and basic methods of teethbrushing.Materials and Methods. We conducted a literature review for 1999–2017 years, classified modern items for oral care, found and described the indications and methods of their use.Results and Discussion. We found that use only toothbrush for effective oral hygiene is not sufficient, because today is a large arsenal of available additional items for thorough cleaning of remote areas of teeth; argued that proper brushing skills can be lost with time, that's why patients need hygiene remotivation, repeated conversations and supervised teethbrushing with results visualization every 3 months.Conclusions.  Knowledge of teethbrushing methods and choosing the right tools for this has a decisive role in the patient's treatment plan, because a large part of the success depends on the individual oral care and the cooperation of a patient with a doctor.

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