scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN GONAD DAN PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILEM BETINA ALL FEMALE HASIL FERTILISASI JANTAN NEOMALE

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jojo Subagja ◽  
Deni Radona ◽  
Anang Hari Kristanto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fish Sample ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Net Cages

Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan produksi diperlukan ketersediaan induk betina yang unggul. Pembentukan all female berasal dari pemijahan jantan fungsional (aplikasi hormon metil testosteron) hasil secara pool gamet dengan betina normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perkembangan gonad dan pertumbuhan ikan nilem betina (all female) hasil fertilisasi jantan fungsional (neomale). Pemeliharaan ikan uji all female dilakukan dalam jaring polyetilene berukuran 2 m x 2 m x 2 m dengan kepadatan 60 ekor di Instalasi Penelitian Toksikologi dan Lingkungan Budidaya Cibalagung Bogor. Selama enam bulan pemeliharaan ikan diberi pakan komersil berupa pelet dengan kandungan protein 28% sebanyak 5% dari bobot total dengan frekuensi tiga kali sehari (pagi, siang, dan sore). Pengamatan pertumbuhan dan pengambilan sampel ikan untuk materi histologi dilakukan setiap bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan all female dapat tumbuh dan berkembang normal. Secara statistik pertumbuhan ikan all female berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dengan nilai panjang (14,2 ± 2,35 cm), bobot (28,9 ± 2,24 g), dan pertumbuhan bobot relatif (58,79%). Pada perkembangan kematangan gonad ikan all female masuk pada tingkat III dan IV dengan nilai IGS sebesar 20,2% serta tidak ditemukan gonad intersex.In order to supply sufficient seed for grow out industry, the availability of female broodstock takes the priority in hatchery operations. In order to reach that objective, all female seed batch for potential future broodstock could be produced by breeding functional males (induced with methyl testosterone hormone application) with a pool gametes of normal females. This study was aimed to evaluate the gonadal development and growth of all female Bonylip barb produced from fertilization of neomale and normal females. All the females were reared in polyethylene net cages (2 m x 2 m x 2 m in size) with a stocking density of 60 individuals/cage. The trial was conducted at the Cibalagung Toxicology and Environmental Research Station, Bogor. The fish were reared for six months and fed three times daily with commercial pellets (crude protein of 28%) as much as 5% of the total weight. Observations on the growth and fish sample collections for histology analysis were conducted every month. The results showed that all female fish were able to grow and develop normally. Statistically, the growth of all female was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the control, with the length size of 14.2 ± 2.35 cm and weight of 28.9 ± 2.24 g and relative weight gain of 58.79%. In terms of gonadal development, all female fish reached stage III and IV with IGS value of 20.2% and no inter-sex gonad observed.

scholarly journals Net energy and protein utilization in fish by introducing the objective criteria ` Clarc of energy distribution ` and ` Clarc of protein transformation `

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-338
Author(s):  
D. Penkov ◽  
T. Hubenova ◽  
A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
Weight Gain Percentage ◽  
Carp Fish

AIM: To introduce the indicators Clarc of energy distribution (CED) and Clarc of protein/amino acid transformation (CPT) and adapt the methodology for their calculation in aquaculture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 50-day experiment was carried out with juvenile carp fish (C. carpio L.) reared in net cages. The following characteristics were reported: fodder (nutritional) coefficient, digestible energy, and crude protein intake per unit of weight gain, percentage of the boneless fillet, the chemical composition of the fillet. The methodology for calculating the respective Clarcs was described. RESULTS: The following values ​​of the newly introduced indicators were established: Clarc of energy distribution (CED) – 0.0866 (8.66%); Clarc of protein transformation (CPT) – 0.1052 (10.52%).

scholarly journals Influence of stocking density on the culture potential of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) in raceway

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Forhad Alin ◽  
MD.Rafiqul Islam Sarder ◽  
Mohammad Matiur Rahman ◽  
MD. Fazlul Awal Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Length Gain ◽  
Suitable Environment

Endangered catfish Rita rita were reared in a cemented raceway to observe the culture potentiality at three different stocking densities (4, 8 and 16 juveniles/m 3) under the three treatments (T1, T2 and T3, respectively) with three replications each. The mean initial length and weight of Rita juveniles were 20.15±1.51 cm and 100.26±6.57 g, respectively. The fish were reared by providing clean poultry viscera (containing 48.56% crude protein) at 3% of biomass once a day. The water quality parameters were measured daily and found them within suitable ranges. The growth parameters such as final mean total length, relative length gain, mean body weight, relative weight gain, SGR and condition factor were significantly (p&lt;0.5) higher in T1 compared to those of T2 and T3. The survival rate was 100% in all the treatments, and the fish production was significantly (p&lt;0.5) higher in T3 (8.38±0.04 kg/m 3 and 8380.40±4.05 kg/ha) than those of T2 (4.49±0.03 kg/m 3 and 4493.00±3.22 kg/ha) and T1 (2.36±0.02 kg/m 3 and 2362.00±2.00 kg/ha). Though the growth performance of R. rita was significantly influenced by the lowest stocking density but the production findings suggest that this species can be reared at the minimum density of 16 juveniles/m 3 in cemented raceway with suitable environment and adequate supplemental feed.

scholarly journals Nursery I: The effect of stocking density on the performance of glass eels, Anguilla bicolor in the biofloc system

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Purnama Sukardi ◽  
Norman Ari Prayogo ◽  
Tjahyo Winanto ◽  
Asrul Sahri Siregar ◽  
Taufan Harisam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Glass Eels

Glass eels of Anguilla bicolor is an expensive and still abundant commodity in Laguna Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia. However, the growth of glass eels to elver is still a problem because of high mortality in nursery I and II. The objective of the study was to evaluate the result of stocking density on the performance of glass eels in the biofloc system during nursery I. Glass eels were stocked at densities of 54.95, 109.89 and 164.84 fish/m3, respectively, with three replicate ponds for each density. Eels were fed a formulated pasta-diet containing 40% crude protein and , 4% crude lipid, 5% crude fiber, 11.5% ash and 12% moisture, respectively. The water quality were maintained at levels of for fish culture througout the experiements: water temperature was 27.1°C (ranged from 26.3 to 28.2°C), pH (7.6, ranged from 6.8 to 7.8) and DO (7.2 mg.L-1, ranged 6.9 to 7.5 mg.L-1). The results showed that the stocking density did not significantly affect the final weight, weight gain, AGR, SGR, FCR and survival, however this had a significant effect on the yield. The biofloc system was suitable for raising glass eels.

scholarly journals PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN SEMAH (Tor douronensis) GENERASI PERTAMA DENGAN PADAT TEBAR BERBEDA DI KARAMBA JARING APUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jojo Subagja ◽  
Otong Zenal Arifin ◽  
Kurniawan Kurniawan ◽  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
Net Cages

Ikan semah (Tor douronensis) termasuk salah satu spesies dari genus Tor yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, informasi pertumbuhan benih yang dipelihara pada sistem budidaya karamba jaring apung (KJA) perlu dilakukan karena ikan semah umumnya dibudidayakan pada kolam dengan air yang jernih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi laju pertumbuhan benih ikan semah generasi pertama dengan perlakuan padat tebar yang berbeda pada sistem pemeliharaan KJA. Percobaan dilakukan di Waduk Cirata, Cianjur, Jawa Barat selama lima bulan. Ikan uji (panjang total: 7-8 cm; bobot: 5-6 g) dipelihara di KJA (padat tebar 50, 75, dan 100 ekor/m3 dengan tiga kali ulangan). Pakan apung komersial dengan kadar protein 40% diberikan sebesar 6% per biomassa yang diberikan dua kali sehari. Parameter yang diamati yaitu pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, sintasan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), dan biomassa. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan padat tebar 50 ekor/m3 menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik dengan bobot akhir 15,89 ± 1,43 g; pertambahan mutlak 10,48 ± 1,41 g; sintasan 94,67 ± 4,6%; dan SGR 0,75 ± 0,04%. Dari hasil penelitian ini, padat tebar 50 ekor/m3 merupakan kondisi yang terbaik untuk pemeliharaan benih ikan semah di KJA. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan informasi awal tentang potensi budidaya ikan semah dengan sistem budidaya KJA perlu dikembangkan di masa yang akan datang.Semah mahseer (Tor douronensis) is a species from the genus Tor and highly valued in local and national markets. Nevertheless, the fish production from net cage is currently limited. In order to increase its productivity, research on the growth of semah mahseer fingerlings reared in floating net cage systems needs to be carried out as this species is predominantly cultured in the clean water ponds. This study was conducted to obtain information on the growth performance of the first generation of semah mahseer fingerlings reared with different stocking densities in a floating net cage system. The experiment was carried out in the floating net cage located at Cirata Reservoir, Cianjur, West Java, for five months. Fingerlings (total length: 7-8 cm; body weight: 5-6 g) were reared in the floating net cage (stocking density of 50, 75, and 100 ind./m3 with three replications). The fish were fed with a commercial diet (protein content of 40%) given at 6% of biomass twice a day. The parameters observed included weight gain, survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR), and biomass. The results showed that the stocking density of 50 ind./m3 had the best performance in terms of final weight of 15.89 ± 1.43 g, weight gain of 10.48 ± 1.41 g, survival rate of 94.67 ± 4.6%, and specific growth rate of 0.75 ± 0.04%. Based to the results of this study, the stocking density of 50 ind./m3 is the best condition for rearing semah mahseer fingerlings in floating net cages. The findings of this research can be used as the basic information for future aquaculture development of semah mahseer in net cages.

scholarly journals Feeding frequency and growth performance of juvenile pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Pontes ◽  
L. C. Marques ◽  
E. R. Andreatta ◽  
R. S. T. Moura ◽  
G. G. Henry-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Pink Shrimp ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Farfantepenaeus Paulensis ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

ABSTRACTIt is generally believed that increasing feeding frequency has immediate benefits, including reduced nutrient leaching and increased shrimp growth. In this context, the aim this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency in growth performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis. Juveniles of Farfantepenaeus paulensis were grown for 30 days in pen enclosures, at a stocking density of 5 shrimp/m2. The shrimp were fed on feeding trays at a rate of 8% of their biomass per day, with treatments of one, two, three and four times per day, with four replicates each. The results showed no differences (5% probability) in biomass gain of F. paulensis when feed was offered two, three or four times per day. However, it was observed that the once a day frequency had a negative influence on weight gain for this species of shrimp. We conclude that the supply of food with 35% crude protein twice a day is sufficient for the growth of F paulensis. Feeding frequency of three or four times can provide increased spending in the cultivation of juveniles of this species.

Effects of Increased Dietary Protein and Energy on Composition and Functional Capacities of Blood Mononuclear Cells from Vaccinated, Neonatal Calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foote ◽  
Nonnecke† ◽  
Waters ◽  
Palmer ◽  
Beitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Functional Capacities

Effects of increased protein and energy provided by an intensified milk replacer on the antigen-specific, cell-mediated immune response of the neonatal calf were examined. Calves were fed a standard (0.45 kg/day of a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) or intensified (1.14 kg/day of a 28% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) diet from 0 to 6 weeks of age. All calves were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at 1 week of age. The daily weight gain of intensified-diet calves (0.62 kg/day) was greater than the weight gain of standard-diet calves (0.29 kg/day). Liver, kidney, heart, thymus, and subcervical lymph nodes from intensified-diet calves were heavier than the same organs from standard-diet calves. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations indicated that CD4+ cells, gamma delta TCR+ cells, and monocyte percentages, although unaffected by diet during the first 5 weeks of the study, were higher in intensified-diet calves at week 6. The decline in gamma deltad TCR+ cell percentages and increase in B cell percentages with increasing age seen in all calves are characteristic of the maturing immune system of the calf. CD8+ T cell or B cell percentages were not affected by diet. In intensified-diet calves, percentages of CD4+ expressing interleukin-2 receptor increased and percentages of gamma delta TCR+ cells expressing interleukin-2 receptor decreased with time. The same populations in standard-diet calves did not change with time. Percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells expressing MHC class II antigen, were unaffected by diet or age. Although mitogen-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma and nitric oxide (NO) secretion increased with age for all calves, PBMC from intensified-diet calves produced less IFN-gamma and more NO than did cells from standard-diet calves at week 6 of the study. Antigen-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and NO also increased with age but was unaffected by diet. Antigen-elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity was unaffected by diet, suggesting increased dietary protein and energy did not alter adaptive immunity in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that feeding calves a commercially available, intensified milk replacer affects minimally the composition and functional capacities of PBMC populations. Additional research is necessary to determine whether these subtle effects influence the calf’s susceptibility to infectious disease.

Pengaruh Penambahan Bungkil Kedelai terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian, dan Konversi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Simmental

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Rico ◽  
Novi Eka Wati ◽  
Adisti Rastosari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
T Test ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Simmental Cattle

The objective of the researh was to study the effect of additions soybean meal in ration on the feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed convertion in Simmental cattle. The experiment used eight male Simmental cattle around 2 years old with an average weight of 198,65 ± 14,57 kilograms. The cattle kept for 35 days and given rations P0 (rations ranchers) and P1 (rations plus soybean meal). Data was obtained, then analyzed using independent sample t-test assisted with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that the addition of soybean meal did not affect on dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, and feed convertion but, the crude protein consumption was increased. Keywords: dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, feed convertion

The utilization of maize silage for intensive beef production: I. The effect of level and source of supplementary nitrogen on the utilization of maize silage by cattle of different ages

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Urea Addition

SUMMARYFifty-four British Friesian castrated male calves, initially 3, 6 or 9 months of age (107, 180 and 249 kg initial live weight, respectively), were individually fed for 83 days on maize silage (27·9% dry matter (D.M.), 10·7% crude protein in D.M.), offeredad libitum. Silage was offered either alone or supplemented with cobs of dried lucerne (21% of total D.M. intake). Three levels of urea (0, 1 and 2% of silage D.M.) were added to the silage before feeding.Total D.M. intakes averaged 23·0, 23·4 and 21·6 g/kg live weight (LW) for the 3-, 6- and 9-month-old animals, respectively. Addition of urea increased silage intake by 11% in the 6-month-old group but there was little effect in the 3- and 9-month-old groups. Lucerne supplementation reduced silage D.M. intake from 22·0 to 18·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001) and increased total D.M. intake by 1·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001).Live-weight gain (LWG) of the cattle fed on silage alone increased (P< 0·001) with increasing age of animal. The main effect of urea was to elevate (P< 0·001) LWG from an average of 0·79 (no urea) to 0·94 kg/head/day (2% urea). However, it appeared that most of this effect was confined to the 6-month-old group. The effect of lucerne on LWG decreased with increasing age of animal (P< 0·001). Inclusion of lucerne in the diet significantly reduced the response to urea (P< 0·05).Feed conversion efficiency (LWG/100 Mcal DE intake) decreased (P< 0·01) with increasing age of animal but increased with urea addition from an average of 4·7 (no urea) to 5·3 kg LWG/100 Meal DE intake (2% urea). The response to lucerne supplementation in terms of efficiency was greatest in the 3-month-old group and thereafter declined markedly with increasing age of animal.The results of this experiment indicated that cattle older than 6 months of age (180 kg LW) could achieve a rate of growth of 1·0 kg/head/day on maize silage supplemented solely with urea, but that younger animals required supplementary lucerne to support a high rate of live-weight gain.

scholarly journals Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi ◽  
Araceli Hackbarth ◽  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

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