scholarly journals Water reclamation & phyto -technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Maurizio Giannotti
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Polluted Waters

In this paper conventional and innovative phyto-technologies, applied on different kinds ofpolluted waters to obtain their safe reuse, are showed. Today, the last frontier ofenvironmental recovery in the world is: Water Reclamation. Most important targets of waterreclamation are: recover and reuse wastewaters in safety, freshwater aquifer recharge, publichealth protection, and new economic viable source. There are a lot of technologies to treatdifferent kinds of wastewaters (urban, industrial, zootechnical, etc), but conventionaltechnologies able to treat, recover and reuse wastewaters in the same time, are very few and soexpensive that the cost of recovered water is no sustainable by public administrations; overallin the developing countries in Africa, Asia, South and Centre America (F AO-WHO).In the latest years, phyto-technologies proved their efficiency in the wastewater reclamationand their cheap and easy way to be built and maintained. The phyto-technologies experiencesshown in this paper are applied on polluted waters from industries and agroindustries, pigfeedlot, towns, and polluted water of rivers and/or lakes. The paper is completed withanalytical data and results; compared with national and/or international (F AO-WHO) lawlimits for reclaimed waters; and building and maintenance costs, compared with conventionalactivated sludge systems.We speak about projects financed by public administrations or international organizations(F AO-European Union) and realized to reclaim and reuse treated wastewaters usingconventional and/or advanced phytoremediation technologies. All this has opened a newcheap and easy way, to reuse in safety treated waters, to protect environment, and to controlfresh water pollution.

Problematizing the Privatization of Water

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Gamero
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Special Interest Groups ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The World ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
The Cost

This presentation will focus on the issue of the privatization of water. The privatization of water is currently being facilitated by the growth of trade liberalization and the free trade policies of international organizations like the IMF and World Bank. It is also growing due to the neoliberal policies of states and because of the increasing power of the private sector (including well- funded lobby and special interest groups) over the policies of governments. The principal arguments and viewpoints of those who both support and oppose the privatization of water will be examined and evaluated. In particular, arguments concerning the cost and accessibility of water for people will be studied. The effects and implications of privatization in highly diverse communities in both developed and developing countries will be discussed. An example from the community of Cochabamba in Bolivia will be analyzed, showing many of the drawbacks that can come with the privatization of water. This presentation will argue that water is a precious resource which ought not to be treated as a commodity. Instead, it should be treated as a human right that no individual or corporation should make a monetary profit from. Governments ought to provide safe drinking water for their citizens, rather than leaving this duty to the private sector as is happening in many parts of the world.

scholarly journals Measuring the Cost of Privacy: A Look at the Distributional Effects of Private Bargaining

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kucik ◽  
Krzysztof J. Pelc
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Law

Transparency is one of the most contested aspects of international organizations. While observers frequently call for greater oversight of policy making, evidence suggests that settlement between states is more likely when negotiations are conducted behind closed doors. The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) legal body provides a useful illustration of these competing perspectives. As in many courts, WTO dispute settlement is designed explicitly to facilitate settlement throughprivateconsultations. However, this study argues that the privacy of negotiations creates opportunities for states to strike deals that disadvantage others. Looking at product-level trade flows from all disputes between 1995 and 2011, it finds that private (early) settlements lead to discriminatory trade outcomes – complainant countries gain disproportionately more than the rest of the membership. When the facts of a case are made known through a ruling, these disproportional gains disappear entirely. The article also finds that third-party participation – commonly criticized for making settlement less likely – significantly reduces disparities in post-dispute trade. It then draws parallels to domestic law and concludes with a set of policy prescriptions.

scholarly journals Entrenching the Problem? International Organizations and Their Engagement in Latin America to Address Violence: The Case of the European Union in the Northern Triangle

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-379
Author(s):  
Kai Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Central America ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Human System ◽  
The World

Abstract Latin America is the most violent region in the world. Yet, decades of political and financial investment by the international community have not had the desired results. Using the work of the European Union in the Northern Triangle of Central America as a case study, this article asks what explains this failure. Utilizing the conceptual framework of Complexity and Human System Dynamics, it argues that current policies actually entrench the pattern of conditions which lead to, and sustain, violence. It shows how, by reconceptualizing this problem using the concepts of Complexity, policies could be made more effective and sustainable.

Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Piraterie auf die Schifffahrt

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Torsten Czenskowsky ◽  
Jan-Michael Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Know How ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military ◽  
Weil Sich

Heutzutage existiert Piraterie an vielen Orten und in vielen Formen auf der ganzen Welt. Der Grund dafür ist, dass kriminelle Organisationen erkannt haben, dass Lösegelderpressung oder Ladungsraub ein einträgliches Geschäft sein kann. Auch internationale Organisationen und nationale Regierungen haben diesen Trend erkannt und erwerben ein immer höheres Know-how, wie mit dieser Art der Bedrohung umzugehen ist, bzw. wie gegen diese vorgegangen werden kann. Auch Reedern und Schiffseignern ist bewusst geworden, dass ihre Schiffe jederzeit Ziel eines Piratenangriffes sein können, wenn sie sich in diesen gefährdeten Gebieten aufhalten. Aufgrund dessen wurden Maßnahmen ergriffen, um Schiffe, Ladungen und Besatzungen zu schützen. Dabei müssen die Reeder und Schiffseigner jedoch den Kostenrahmen beachten, weil sich die Transporte sonst nicht mehr rentieren oder die Preise für die Kunden zu hoch veranschlagt werden müssen. In recent years the worldwide threat of piracy has increased. Ransom or robbery charge can be a lucrative business. In this matter West Africa and Indonesia are currently the most vulnerable areas of the world. A disturbance of the sea transport streams causes economic damage and should therefore continue to be actively discouraged. International organizations and governments have recognized that. The military operations at the Horn of Africa effectively decreases the number of pirate attacks. Ship owners are also aware that their ships could be the target of a pirate attack at any time. They have taken steps to protect crew, ship and cargo. However, the ship owners need to consider the cost framework; otherwise the prices for the end customers will become too high. This article describes piracy in general and especially the economic aspects of this threat. Keywords: rechtsrahmen, nutzwertanalyse, imb pcr, gefährdungsgebiete

Operational and Financial Considerations of Using Drones for Medical Support of Mass Events in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Robakowska ◽  
Daniel Ślęzak ◽  
Anna Tyrańska-Fobke ◽  
Joanna Nowak ◽  
Piotr Robakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Support ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Medical Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mass Events ◽  
Financial Aspect

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe implementation of drones in the medical security system requires a proper planning of the cooperation of different services, dividing the area into sectors, assessing potential risks, and other factors. This study refers to the cost analysis of using drones in the medical support of mass events. The aim of this research is to analyze the costs of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) implementation in the mass event medical support system.MethodsThe description includes purchase and maintenance costs of UAVs. The analysis also involves ways of raising funds for projects related to the UAV sector. Apart from the financial aspect, staff and drone operator training issues are the subjects of this analysis as well.ResultsThis study is based on a specialist research involving drones and referring to reports on the current situation in Poland and in the world.ConclusionsThe presented funds required for such projects and the way of raising these funds illustrate the range of the project and its requirements. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:527-532)

THE EUROPEAN UNION FORUM ON KIDS' SAFETY IN INTERNET SIF 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
D. A. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internet Forum ◽  
The World

The article provides an overview of the activities of the European Union Forum on kids' safety in Internet — Safer Internet Forum (SIF) 2019, which was held in Brussels, Belgium, in November 2019. The current Internet risks addressed by the World Wide Web users, especially children, are described.

Ensuring sustainable foreign economic relations of countries at the forefront and outskirts of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980-1996
Author(s):  
T.S. Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
The Eu

Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps for the European Union. This all is due to considerable inner controversies and problems within the EU, which grow more serious year by year. Methods. The methodological framework comprises the historical logic, dialectical principles, scientific abstraction method. The process and system approach was especially important for justifying the implementation of the above steps. It was used to examine foreign economic relations of partners in the European Union. Results. The article sets forth the theoretical and methodological framework for the geostrategic economic bloc, including a conceptual structure model. I present steps to implement a foreign economic cooperation of partners in the EU in terms of its form. Conclusions and Relevance. Should the form of the foreign economic relations among the EU countries be implemented, counties at the periphery of the EU will be able to become active parties to the integration group.

CZY ZALEWA NAS FALA PRZEMOCY? POLITYCY I MEDIA VS. DANE STATYSTYCZNE

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Hamer ◽  
Hanna Hamet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Drugs And Crime

By detailed analyses of Polish and world statistics, the authors search for the answer if in fact,as some politicians and citizens claim, the world and in particular European Union and Polandare overcome by the wave of violence. Data gathered, among others, by Polish Public OpinionResearch Center (CBOS), Eurostat and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNOCD), aswell as anthropologists and police, clearly prove the opposite. Scientific comparisons concerningviolence over the centuries show that its scale drastically decreased and the world gets saferwith time. Statistical reports of the United Nations especially clearly indicate European Union(including Poland) as particularly peaceful region against the rest of the world, having the lowestmurder rates. Eurostat data confirm these results, also showing decrease in other crimes overthe years. Polish police data similarly prove existence of this trend and CBOS indicates thatit is reflected in increasing sense of security among Poles. In the second part of the article theauthors explain potential reasons for using such false slogans as “increasing wave of violence” bypoliticians and raising fear in voters as well as psychological mechanisms responsible for theirpotential effectiveness.

Russia in the XXI century: a request for a new economic policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khasbulatov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Position

The author examines Russia’s economic position in the world in the XXI century, China’s economic and political infl uence on other countries, and analyzes the economy of the European Union, classifi es the experience of Western Europe as the most successful, while taking into account miscalculations and mistakes.

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