scholarly journals Functions of Phraseological Units in Detective Prose of B. Akunin

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Tatyana Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
Complete Deformation ◽  
Unit Conversion ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Single Set

The author considers the problem of stylistic functions of linguistic units in modern Russian prose works through analyzing phraseological units in the detectives of B. Akunin. The article presents the most frequent types of phraseological units (idioms, set phrases, proverbs, sayings, popular expressions and other types of clichéd utterances) as representation of a personal literary style of this author. The research results point to their stylistic variety with high literary, colloquial, low colloquial, and slang units among them. The major types of phraseological unit conversion are distinguished as a prove of the writer's personal style, including, complete deformation of a component composition of a set phrase, reduction of the lexical length of phraseological units (implication), distribution of any component composition of the unit (explication), combining two or more phraseological units into a single set expression (contamination), replacement of a component in the composition of phraseological units with words of general literary layers (lexical variation), etc. The stylistic functions of all phraseological units under study are interpreted as retro-representation of the language of a certain time period, stylistic imitation of the communicative tone of oral speech, verbal characteristics of the characters who are referred to various social groups, and creation of humorous tone of the story. A comprehensive description of phraseological units used in modern fiction has revealed their artistic and stylistic potential.

The History and Status of the Journal of Sport Psychology: 1979-1985

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Landers ◽  
Stephen H. Boutcher ◽  
Min Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Common ◽  
Single Set

In the past 7 years JSP has evolved to become a respected sport psychology journal. The journal has been uncompromising in the strong research posture it has taken. It is currently the only journal entirely devoted to sport psychology that uses a single set of criteria for evaluating the scientific merit of submitted manuscripts. Over this time period the submitted manuscripts have shown an increase in the number of female principal authors as well as authors being affiliated with departments other than physical education. Survey studies were the most common submittals, but lately there has been a greater emphasis in field experimental studies. Some potential problem areas are noted in subject selection and choice of statistical tests. An examination of research areas revealed that in recent years "motivation" was the most frequently submitted topic. It appeared that other research areas varied in terms of their publishability. The common methodological problems associated with rejection of these types of manuscripts are discussed.

Text As A Form Of Integration Of Linguistic Units In Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Nurmanov F.I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Relationship

The article focuses on the syntactic structure of the text with its semantic-syntactic-stylistic integrity, the structure and the relationship between the content of the constituent parts of the structure as well as its role in the development of writing skills and oral speech.

The Buffalo Pound in North-Western Plains Prehistory: Site 48 CA 302, Wyoming

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Frison
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Powder River Basin ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Middle Period ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
North Western

AbstractThe Ruby site, 48 CA 302, in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, is a buffalo pound dating to late Middle Period with a radiocarbon age of 1670± 135 years: A.D. 280 GX-1157). The site was contained in steadily aggrading alluvial deposits allowing close stratigraphic control. Features included most of a buffalo pound, part of the drive lane, and an associated ceremonial structure.An attempt to explain the operation of this pound is based on historical accounts for various north-western Plains tribes and on problems of buffalo handling encountered with modern herds, allowing for changes brought about by the introduction of the horse. The ceremonial structure is explained in the context of shamanistic activity occurring with communal hunts in ethnographic and historical accounts. Archaeological data from the same area and time period suggest this pound is a variant of other communal buffalo procurement methods, including buffalo jumps, that occurred yearly to provide food for winter use and that required consolidation of the society into larger groups than could effectively exploit the environment during the remainder of the year.A large segment of the meat processing area remains intact and will eventually be used in an attempt to test hypotheses concerning butchering methods, tool use, and nature of social groups involved.

scholarly journals VERBALIZATION OF NON-VERBALS IN THE UKRAINIAN SPEECH: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECT

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fedorivna Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Component Object ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Verbal Component ◽  
Verbal Discourse ◽  
Linguistic Units

Objective of the research is to determine wide contextual potential of linguistic units containing a verbalized non-verbal component. Object of the research is a non-verbal discourse of the modern Ukrainian oral speech; subject of the research is represented by lexical, word-forming, and semantic innovations representing live speech of the modern Ukrainians. Materials of the study include occasional and individual-author’s nominative units recorded in academic dictionaries and dictionaries of lexical as well as lexical and word-forming innovations of the 21st century. Methods of the research are the following: functional (a method of discourse and cognitive-onomasiological analysis), structural (in terms of transformational and component analysis), methods of associative analysis and statistic observation. The results are as follows: the paper has demonstrated that 1) application of morphological and syntactic word-forming mechanism is motivated by the system of communicative-pragmatic intentions of an addresser aimed at the increase in expressiveness or considerable modification of the communicative senses; and 2) increase in total volume of semantic structure of nominative patterns as a result of a) generalization of the initial meaning or widening in semantics; b) concretization or narrowing of the meaning of the initial unit; c) shifts in the meanings, in cases when semantically conventional forming basis is replaced by the basis being a non-verbal motivator, take place to determine communicative situation or modeling of communicative behaviour of an addresser. A methodology to design field structure (LSF) is proposed to study non-morphological methods of word formation; the methodology makes it possible to trace the processes of the formation of interpretational meanings of a lexeme – non-verbal motivator. Practical implication of the results and use of the proposed methods are possible in the process of further analysis of the mechanisms to verbalize non-verbals both at lexical and grammatical linguistic levels. Conclusions are drawn to emphasize the productivity of the process to verbalize non-verbals illustrated by the units of different linguistic levels; in this context, we can observe functional complexity of both word-forming and syntactic processes as well as efficiency of the inter-disciplinary approach which widens the boundaries of linguistic practice and may favour improvement of the linguistic and communicative competence of the native speakers.

Uncertain Adjustments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton Hood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Political ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Urban Elites ◽  
Main Development ◽  
National Capital ◽  
New Yorkers

In the 1780s and 1790s, the old configuration of rank and hierarchy slowly gave way to demands for greater pluralism and equality, patriarchal leaders had to share the political sphere with representatives from other social groups, and an invigorated market economy created new fears and uncertainties. Even as they unflinchingly asserted their right to governance, upper-class New Yorkers were being forced to acknowledge in new ways the presence of the less privileged. That was a legacy of the Revolution and its immediate aftermath. For elites, the challenge of organizing new relationships with commoners was the main development of this time period. The loss of the national capital (to Philadelphia, in 1790) ensured that New York would continue to evolve as a business-oriented city and that business would be the main source of wealth and prestige for urban elites but upper-class New Yorkers remained fearful and apprehensive about materialism and did not yet embrace it fully.

scholarly journals Network communication and its genres as objects of artistic representation (based on Russian literature)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Elena V. Marinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Text Fragment ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
Modern Fiction ◽  
The Tropics

The article analyses a new compositional peculiarity of modern fiction – the introduction of a text fragment related by its lexical and graphic features to one of the genres of network communication (chat, blog, electronic mail, etc.) into the structure of the literary works. The dialogue between characters, who communicate on the Net, becomes one of the stable text-forming means, performing various artistic tasks, including formation of the plotline, creating the image (atmosphere) of the time period, character images, reflection of “language taste of the epoch”, and so on. The reproduction of the main linguistic peculiarities of electronic genres, in its turn, enlivens the literary discourse to a considerable degree; the pastiche of network communication becomes one of the expressive means; the cultural dominant of our time – orientation towards visual perception of information – manifests itself. The research has revealed methods and means of transferring graphic and lexical features of genres of informal network communication in the fictional text. The main ways of reflecting the peculiarities of electronic speech are direct stylization (reproduction of alphabetic and other graphemes used in Runet) and indirect image (verbal designation of non-alphabetic graphemes), which becomes the basis of a new imagery, the tropics (laughing brackets, emoji got nervous, an offended smiley, etc.). The analysis of the features of the display of speech behavior on the Net allows to conclude about the formation of a kind of poetics for the artistic embodiment of the stable theme of modern literature – ”Man in the virtual sphere of communication and being”. The study is built on the basis of general philological analysis and specifically linguistic analysis of a fictional text (total number of analyzed works is about 60) and presents a part of the author’s separate research on the formation of Russian Internet lexis in the modern Russian language and realized within the framework of functional sociolinguistics.

PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF STYLISTICALLY COLORED LINGUISTIC UNITS IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE: ON THE MATERIAL OF V.V. PUTIN'S SPEECHES

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Н. Гезайли
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Pragmatic Information ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Reduced Words

Постановка задачи. В предлагаемой статье мы подвергаем прагматическому анализу употребление стилистически окрашенных языковых единиц в политическом дискурсе жанра устной речи: на материале телевизионных выступлений (таких, как заседание и интервью) Президента России. Исследование окрашенных языковых единиц в рамках политического дискурса представляет собой особый интерес, поскольку данные единицы обслуживают прагматику языка. Результаты. Прагматическая информация в политическом дискурсе распределена между всеми языковыми единицами. Однако стилистически окрашенные языковые единицы, под которыми мы подразумеваем коннотативно насыщенные слова, выражения, фразеологизмы и афоризмы, несут в себе наибольшую прагматическую нагрузку. Именно они способствуют не только привлечению внимания адресата, но и воздействию на него. Выводы. Политический дискурс, представляя собой специфический и комплексный вид коммуникации, требует особого подхода к его исследованию. Роль стилистически окрашенных языковых единиц в реализации речевой интенции адресанта в политическом дискурсе велика. В ходе исследования было констатировано, что использованные Президентом России слова, выражения, фразеологизмы и афоризмы носят в целом оценочный характер, точнее ироническую окраску (в частности, отмечается довольно частотное употребление фразеологизмов (81.81%), а иногда стилистически сниженных слов и выражений (6.06%)). Это возможно объяснить тем, что фразеологизмы, в отличие от афоризмов, являются носителями лексического значения и могут выступать в качестве эквивалентов слов. Кроме того, степень сочетаемости компонентов во фразеологизмах неодинакова, т.е. в них могут входить несвободные, но легко отделяемые по смыслу слова, и употребляться в переносном значении. Следовательно, они с большей лёгкостью создаются в процессе речи, способствуя достижению иллокутивной цели адресанта. Тем не менее фразеологизмы и афоризмы, а также стилистически сниженные слова благодаря своей экспрессивности способствуют не только привлечению внимания адресата, но и воздействию на него, производя при этом определённый прагматический эффект. Problem statement. In the proposed paper, we subject to a pragmatic analysis the use of stylistically colored linguistic units in the political discourse of the genre of oral speech: based on the material of television speeches (as meeting and interview) of the President of Russia. The study of colored linguistic units within the framework of political discourse is of particular interest, since these units serve the pragmatics of language. Results. Pragmatic information in political discourse is distributed among all linguistic units. However, stylistically colored linguistic units, by which we mean connotatively saturated words, expressions, phraseological units and aphorisms, carry the greatest pragmatic load. They contribute not only to attracting the attention of the addressee, but also to influencing him. Conclusion. Political discourse, representing a specific and complex type of communication, requires a special approach to its study. The role of stylistically colored linguistic units in the realization of the addressee's speech intention in political discourse is huge. In the course of the study, it was stated that the words, expressions, phraseological units and aphorisms used by the President of Russia are generally evaluative, more precisely, ironic (in particular, there is a fairly frequent use of phraseological units (81.81%), and sometimes stylistically reduced words and expressions (6.06%)). This can be explained by the fact that phraseological units, unlike aphorisms, are carriers of lexical meaning and can act as an equivalent of words. In addition, the degree of compatibility of components in phraseological units is not the same, i.e. they may include non-free, but easily separable words, and be used in a figurative sense. Consequently, they are more easily created in the process of speech, contributing to the achievement of the illocutionary goal of the addressee. Nevertheless, phraseological units and aphorisms, as well as stylistically reduced words, due to their expressiveness, contribute not only to attracting the attention of the addressee, but also to influencing him, while producing a certain pragmatic effect.

Me-Search All the Way Down

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Matt Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Underrepresented Minorities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
And Gender

The most commonly cited distinct difficulty of social science compared to science in general is that researchers are studying ourselves. But most thinkers have evolved toward a contemporary scientific realism on this point: there are biases, but they can be managed with close attention. Beyond perennial difficulties of self-knowledge, scholars tend to study their own time period, countries, and social groups, introducing additional biases while enabling research on how they affect our questions, methods, and interpretations. This often leads to accusations of “me-search,” especially by underrepresented minorities. But many of the same considerations that drive those critiques and their responses apply to scholars studying their own countries and time periods, and to all of us studying our own species. I argue that the successful history of racial and gender studies shows that progress requires acknowledgment of biases and diversification of viewpoints.

Влияние поликультурной среды на язык дунган Центральной Азии

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Фатима Хаваза
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Different Cultures

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются лингвистические и экстралингвистические причины и пути проникновения языковых единиц в условиях интерференции контактирующих языков, так как язык отражает особенности культуры, истории развития определенного этноса и его языка. В настоящее время знание языков открывает широчайшие возможности для знакомства и общения с представителями различных культур, расширения кругозора, а также получения информации по разным областям знаний. Стремительно расширяются границы общения и люди осознают, что без знаний двух и более языков в эпоху глобализации не обойтись. На современном этапе в результате бурного развития современных информационных технологий и компьютеризации различных сфер человеческой деятельности в мире сформировалось единое культурное пространство. И оно ставит перед человечеством новые задачи – обеспечение устойчивого развития и достижение социальной гармонии, взаимопонимания между представителями различных этнических и социальных групп, что, в свою очередь, немыслимо без преодоления языковых барьеров между народами. Ключевые слова: этноязыковая среда, словарный состав, межэтнические и межъязыковые контакты, полиэтническая среда, заимствование. Аннотация: Бул макалада лингвистиканын жана экстралинвистикадагы кийлигишүү бирдиктеринин себептерин жана ошондой эле белгилүү бир этникалык топтордун тарыхы, маданий өзгөчөлүктөрү чагылдырылган. Учурда, тил билүү билимдин ар кандай багыттары боюнча мейкиндиктерди, ошондой эле маалыматты өнүктүрүү, жолугушуп, ар түрдүү маданияттардын өкүлдөрү менен пикир алышуу үчүн зор мүмкүнчүлүктөрдү берет. Учурда, глобалдашуу доорунда ар түрдүү маданияттагы элдер менен байланышуу үчүн эки жана андан көп тилди билүү зарыл экендигин адамдар түшүнүүдө, анткени тилдердин горизонтторду өсүүдө жана билимдин түрдүү тармактары боюнча маалымат алуу үчүн тил билүү кенен жол ачат. Азыркы этапта, заманбап маалыматтык технологиялардын тез өнүгүүсүнүн жана компьютерлештирүүнүн натыйжасында, ар кандай тармактардагы дүйнөдөгү адамдардын иштеринде бирдей маданий мейкиндик түзүлдү. Ал эми туруктуу өнүгүү жана коомдук шайкештикти камсыз кылуу үчүн, ар кандай этностук коомдук топтордун ортосунда өз ара бири-бирин түшүнүү максатында адамзат жаңы милдеттерди алдына коёт, бул, өз кезегинде, улут- тар аралык тилдин тоскоолдуктарын жоюу керектигин аныктайт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: этно-тилдик чөйрөнүн байлыгы, улут аралык жана эл аралык тил контакты, көп улуттуу чөйрө, өздөштүрүү. The summary. In this article is considered linguistic and extra linguistic causes and ways of penetration of linguistic units in the conditions of interference of contacting lan- guages, as the language reflects the cultural characteristics, the history of the develop- ment of a particular ethnic group and its language. Currently, knowledge of languages opens up the broadest for meeting and communicating with people of different cultures, expanding horizons, as well as obtaining information on various fields of knowledge. The boundaries of communication are rapidly expanding, and people realize that knowledge of two or more languages in the era of globalization cannot be avoided. At the present stage, as a result of the rapid development of modern information technologies and the computerization of various spheres of human activity in the world, a single cultural space has been formed. And it sets mankind with new tasks: ensuring sustainable development and achieving social harmony, mutual understanding between representatives of various ethnic and social groups, which, in turn, are unthinkable without overcoming language barriers between nations. Key words: ethno-linguistic environment, vocabulary, inter-ethnic and Interlingua contacts, multi-ethnic environment, borrowing.

scholarly journals Functioning and oral interpretation of initialisms and acronyms in the French daily press

Kalbotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Ulfet Zakir Oglu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
New Words ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Oral Interpretation ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Function

This article explores initialisms and acronyms taken from newspapers in the French press. In this article, using data from our study of abbreviated words, we attempt to answer the following questions: How can we shorten a word in French? What are the correct forms (means) of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms? Can an initialism be considered as a separate (common) word? Before investigating the origin and function of various abbreviations in the French press, the preferred modality of each era, or even the basic rationales behind using such abbreviations, we define a term for abbreviated forms. It seems important to us to present our own definition and to illustrate in detail the problems of the subject. French uses four forms of abbreviated words to help create new words and build vocabulary. These four main forms of abbreviated words are: initials, acronyms, abbreviations, and truncations. At the same time, our goal in this article is to clarify the problem of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms. To achieve our goal, we used a survey methodology conducted among people from different social groups and ages, in order to determine forms of oral speech and decipher abbreviations of the French daily press. Based on our research, we created a data table on the pronunciation of initialisms in French. The corpus elements and the survey conducted provide us with reliable data on the functioning, interpretation and decoding of abbreviated words in modern French. The survey results allow us to observe the fact that there are two main ways of using abbreviations in French: reading and spelling. Our analysis shows that the obligation to use reading to write an acronym depends, in part, on a number of formal conditions. One of these conditions is the syllable and phonetic structure of acronyms. In conclusion, based on the survey results, we describe the table and types of abbreviations in the corpus of our study.

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