scholarly journals Storage height optimization of Chamravattom regulator-cumbridge, Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Gulja S. Nair ◽  
Neenu Peter
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Quality Water

Water scarcity is an alarming problem that we face now-a-days. Even though we have abundant sources of water, good quality water is not available when most needed. There comes the relevance of water conservation structures. Allocation of water in case of multipurpose projects among various competing needs such as drinking water, irrigation, industrial demands, downstream release, pisciculture etc. is a matter of great concern. Hence reservoirs must be subjected to thorough analysis to see that each drop of water impounded is utilized in the best possible manner. So a study was undertaken for the proposed Regulator-Cum-Bridge (RCB) on Bharathapuzha River at Chamravattom in Malappuram district of Kerala, with the specific objective of determining the optimum storage height of the regulator. The storage height was optimized by considering the inflow and demands on the reservoir for 18 years data. The height was decided as six meters as it gave least deficit when compared to four and five meters.

scholarly journals Water scarcity: regional analyses in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlína Hejduková ◽  
Lucie Kureková
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Research background: Water is a scarce natural resource essential for life and also many economic activities. Scarcity of drinking water is a problem that is ad-dressed at national and international levels. Global water demand continues to rise, but the quantity and quality of water resources is declining in many regions. Recent surveys of the population of the Czech Republic show that the most serious global problems are waste accumulation, water pollution, lack of drinking water and air pollution. Average temperatures continue to rise across Europe due to climate change and water is expected to become increasingly scarce in many areas. An adequate supply of good-quality water is a pre-requisite for economic and social development, and thus it is necessary to learn to save water and better manage our available resources in this area. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what degree environmental problems — especially the issue of drinking water scarcity — have been evaluated in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018 and whether the fear of a lack of drinking water has motivated water conservation. Methods: A regional analysis of water availability in the Czech Republic and the possible causes of water scarcity has been carried out. Subsequently, selected socio-economic factors that could have an impact on the assessment of drinking water scarcity are analyzed using Gamma and Kendall's Tau and logistic regression. The analyzed time period is from 2014 to 2018. Microdata was taken from the Centre for Research of Public Opinion, and selected regional-level statistics from the Czech Statistical Office have been added to this data to supplement it. Findings & Value added: The perception of drinking water shortages is not only influenced by indicators representing the volume and price of water in each region, but can also be determined by other socio-economic factors such as income, gender, age and education.

scholarly journals Scarcity of Drinking Water in Taihu Lake Basin, China: A Case Study of Yixing City

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Lou ◽  
Wenrui Huang ◽  
Shuguang Liu ◽  
Guihui Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Taihu Lake Basin ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

: Water use has been growing globally at more than twice the rate of the population increase over the last century. Water scarcity is one of the main problems facing the world, especially the scarcity of clean and safe drinking water. Scarcity of drinking water is not only relevant in arid or semiarid regions, but also occurs in water-rich regions due to the decline in water quantity caused by pollution or salinity intrusion. As a part of Taihu Lake Basin, a famous water-rich region in China, Yixing City has a total area of 1996.6 km2, including 242.29 km2 from Taihu Lake, 215 rivers with an area of 130 km2, more than 20 ponds with an area of 0.05 km2, and 20 reservoirs with a total capacity of 126 million m3. There always has enough water in Yixing City. However, meteorological conditions and water quality both affect the available drinking water sources. Poor-quality water was used as a drinking water source in Yixing City during a drought event in 2011. Approximately 1.4 × 107 m3 of poor-quality water was used for drinking water in Yixing city, providing 37.13% of the total drinking water. It was a source of concern that the water quality was too poor to be used as drinking water and that the water treatment processes were expensive. The scarcity of drinking water has become a serious issue, not only in arid and semiarid regions but also in water towns such as Taihu Lake Basin, and this issue requires society’s attention. Many measures should be taken to relieve the drinking water shortage, such as seeking new drinking water sources, protecting the current water source areas, controlling pollution emissions, and implementing effective water resource management.

Ensuring access to water in an emergency context: Towards an overexploitation and contamination of water resources?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110316
Author(s):  
Chloé Nicolas-Artero
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Mining Pollution ◽  
Access To Water

This article shows how geo-legal devices created to deal with environmental crisis situations make access to drinking water precarious and contribute to the overexploitation and contamination of water resources. It relies on qualitative methods (interviews, observations, archive work) to identify and analyse two geo-legal devices applied in the case study of the Elqui Valley in Chile. The first device, generated by the Declaration of Water Scarcity, allows private sanitation companies to concentrate water rights and extend their supply network, thus producing an overexploitation of water resources. In the context of mining pollution, the second device is structured around the implementation of the Rural Drinking Water Programme and the distribution of water by tankers, which has made access to drinking water more precarious for the population and does nothing to prevent pollution.

Analysis of Legal System and Public Policy on Rural Water Source in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4126-4129
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Source of water is the beginning of rural drinking water projects, safe water source is the key to rural drinking water safety. Status of rural drinking water source in china and laws and regulations on rural water conservation were analyzed. The population of centralized water supply accounts for 51% of the total population in rural areas in 2008, centralized water supply 49%. Groundwater source accounts for 57% of the population of centralized water supply projects in rural areas in 2008, surface water sources 43%. China has a relatively sound legal system of drinking water source, including basic law, general law, administrative regulations, local regulations.The paper draws a conclusion that sources of drinking water in rural areas is mainly groundwater, water conservation is short of specific laws and regulations and not suitable for rural area,it is necessary to improve laws and regulations on rural water conservation, government must assume responsibility for rural water conservation, especially financial investment and public policy support.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting as a Drinking Water Option for Mexico City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Gispert ◽  
María Hernández ◽  
Enrique Climent ◽  
María Flores
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
The University

Mexico City is one of the most water-stressed cities in the world; poor quality water occurs in several parts of the City. The use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a source of drinking water is gaining acceptance in several contexts, but the quality of the water obtained through these systems has not been sufficiently studied. This manuscript presents the results of water quality tests from samples taken in each component of an RWH system, installed by Isla Urbana at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), southern Mexico City. The RWH system culminates with a drinking fountain which supplies water for the students, and other members of the university community. Samples were retrieved from August 2014 to November 2015, approximately once per month. Results showed that with an adequate operation of the RWH system the major ions, fluoride, zinc, arsenic, lead, iron, copper, chromium, aluminum, nitrate, and total coliforms comply with national standards and international guidelines for drinking water. Thus, RWH constitutes a viable option for providing good quality water in a megacity that will become increasingly water-stressed due to climate change.

scholarly journals Arsenic in Water Resources of the Southern Pampa Plains, Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan D. Paoloni ◽  
Mario E. Sequeira ◽  
Martín E. Espósito ◽  
Carmen E. Fiorentino ◽  
María del C. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Complex Distribution

Confronted with the need for accessible sources of good quality water and in view of the fact that the threat to public health posed by arsenic occurs mainly through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water, the presence and distribution of arsenic was evaluated in the southern Pampa Plains of Bahía Blanca district in Argentina. The findings show variable concentrations of arsenic in a complex distribution pattern. Complementary information is provided on the behavior of the groundwater resource and its salinity in terms of dissolved ions. Groundwater is the most severely affected, 97% of the samples exceeding the guideline value for arsenic in drinking water as recommended by the WHO (Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 2004). and showing maximum concentrations of up to 0.30 mg/L. Informing those responsible for preventive medicine and alerting the community at large will facilitate measures to mitigate exposure and ensure the safety of drinking water.

scholarly journals Pork Production Survey to Assess Factors of Facility Design and Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4536
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Sanford ◽  
Horacio A. Aguirre-Villegas ◽  
Rebecca A. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Negative Impacts

Pork producers can have difficulty operating or expanding existing facilities or establishing new facilities based on perceived negative impacts to the environment and surrounding community. It is critical to understand the characteristics and practices adopted in swine facilities to evaluate the extend of these impacts. A survey, completed by 69 pork producers in Wisconsin, was conducted to assess how facility design and management affect odor, water quality, water consumption, air quality, traffic, and noise. A wide range of production facilities participated in the survey where 29% of respondents were classified as very small (<35 animal units, AU), 16% as small (35–70 AU), 20% as medium (70–300 AU), 23% as large (300–1000 AU), and 12% as permitted (>1000 AU) facilities. Generally, facilities integrated numerous odor control strategies which resulted in high calculated odor scores and the absence of odor complaints. However, the lack of nutrient management planning and other practices for water quality, particularly for facilities with less than 300 AU, indicates there are areas that need improvement. Regardless of facility size, water reduction practices were very commonly reported indicating water conservation is important. Pit ventilation and mechanical ventilation was reported at 58 and 85% of the surveyed facilities, which highlights the need to increase the adoption of mechanical ventilation for air quality, especially in farms with under-barn storage. Using trucks instead of tractors and pumping instead of trucks and tractors can reduce traffic around facilities during manure hauling season.

scholarly journals Experience is Key: Examining the Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Individuals’ Water Conservation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Holland ◽  
Kristina Janét ◽  
Asheley Landrum
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Resource Managers

Conservation of our global natural resources is one of the most pressing concerns facing our international society. One of these crucial resources is water. The current study sought to understand how individual factors such as experience with water scarcity, message framing, and ideology can impact perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors related to water conservation. Through the utilization of an online experiment, the current findings suggest that higher levels of experience with water scarcity predict more concern, more positive credibility perceptions of water conservation messages, and a higher likelihood of conserving water in the future. Message framing, specifically gain frames, predicted more concern and more positive perceptions of message credibility, and ideology only predicted perceptions of message credibility. Implications for global communities, resource managers, and policy decision-makers are discussed.

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